Bio 1 Final Old Test 4 Questions
which of the following statements about Lamarck is/are accurate? a) Lamarck thought evolution had occurred b) Lamarck published his ideas only after Darwin published his c) Lamarck's proposal that individuals evolve by the principle of use and disuse is well supported by evidence
a) Lamarck thought evolution had occurred
the genome of a virus consists of a) RNA or DNA b) RNA c) protein d) DNA e) DNA and RNA
a) RNA or DNA
The rise of methicillin resistant MRSA can be considered to be an example of artificial selection because a) humans synthesize methicillin and create environments in which bacteria frequently come into contact with methicillin b) S. aureus is cultivated by humans to replenish the soil with nutrients c) Humans are becoming resistant to bacteria by taking methicillin d)Humans purposefully raise MRSA in large fermenters in an attempt to make the bacteria ever-more resistant
a) humans synthesize methicillin and create environments in which bacteria frequently come into contact with methicillin
Which of the following is/are characteristic of genes and gene regulation in both bacteria and eukaryotes? a) promoters b) noncoding DNA sequences c) DNA located in the nucleus d) enhancers
a) promoters
In the hardy-weinberg equation, the term q refers to the frequency of a) recessive alleles in the gene pool of a population b) heterozygotes in a population c) the homozygous recessive genotype in a given population d) heterozygotes in the gene pool e) a recessive allele of a given locus in an individuals genome
a) recessive alleles in the gene pool of a population
The 7Me-GTP cap of eukaryotic RNA a) stabilizes the messenger RNA in the cytoplasm b) binds a protein involved in transport of messenger RNA into the cytoplasm c) is required for binding of the messenger RNA to the ribosome d) assists splicing of the pre-messenger RNA
a) stabilizes the messenger RNA in the cytoplasm
Which of the following is a property of life shared by prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells, but not viruses? a) the ability to process energy through metabolic reactions b) adaptation to the environment c) order and complexity in the arrangement of biological molecules d) the capacity to evolve
a) the ability to process energy through metabolic reactions
the host range of a virus is determined by a) the proteins on its surface and that of the host b) whether its nucleic acid is DNA or RNA c) the enzymes carried by the virus d) the enzymes produced by the virus before it infects the cell
a) the proteins on its surface and that of the host
Which of the following is a function of a signal recognition particle? a) to bind to both the signal peptide and a receptor protein in the ER membrane b) to direct an mRNA molecule into the cisternal space of the ER c) to terminate translation of the messenger RNA d) to signal the initiation of transcription e) to translocate polypeptides across the ER membrane
a) to bind to both the signal peptide and a receptor protein in the ER membrane
which of the following best describes the complete sequence of steps occurring during every cycle of PCR? 1. The primers hybridize to the target DNA 2. The mixture is heated to a high temperature to denature the double-stranded target DNA 3. Fresh DNA polymerase is added 4. DNA polymerase extends the primers to make a copy of the target DNA a) 3,4,1,2 b) 2,1,4 c) 3,4,2 d) 1,3,2,4 e) 2,3,4
b) 2,1,4
Use the following model of a eukaryotic transcript to answer the next few questions : 5'UTR E1 I1 E2 I2 E3 I3 E4 UTR 3' which components of the previous molecule will also be found in mRNA in the cytosol? a) 5' E1 E2 E3 E4 3' b) 5' UTR E1 E2 E3 E4 UTR 3' c) 5' I1 I2 I3 3' d) 5' E1 I1 E2 I2 E3 I3 E4 3'
b) 5' UTR E1 E2 E3 E4 UTR 3'
If you wanted to amplify the following dsDNA molecule by PCR, which primer pair would be best for amplifying the entire DNA fragment? 5'- TTGTTCGAACCCGTAGG-3' 3'- AACAAGCTTGGGCATCC-5' a) 3'-AACA-5'; 5'-TAGG-3' b) 5'-CCTA-3'; 5'-TTGT-3' c) 5'-AACA-3'; 5'- GGAT-3'
b) 5'-CCTA-3'; 5'-TTGT-3'
which of the following is a representation of gene density? a)Humans have 27,000 bp in introns b) Humans have ~20,000 genes in 2,900 Mb c) C. elegans has ~20,000 genes d) Humans have 2,900 Mb per genome
b) Humans have ~20,000 genes in 2,900 Mb
On this model of a tRNA molecule, identify the amino acid binding site. a) e b) a c) d d) c e) b
b) a
DNA molecules with complementary sticky ends associate by a) van der waals b) hydrogen bonds c) covalent bonds d) hydrophobic bonds e) ionic bonds
b) hydrogen bonds
Which is NOT a criterion for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? a) members within the population mate at random b) the population is small c) the original proportion of the alleles remains constant from generation to generation d) no new individuals from outside can join the population e) forces that would change the proportion of alleles within the population are absent
b) the population is small
In some cases different proteins are generated from the same initial RNA transcript by a) splicing introns together and eliminating exons in some situations b) treating an RNA segment as an intron in some situations and an exon in others c) initiating translation at the second start codon of the mRNA molecule d) prematurely terminating RNA transcription
b) treating an RNA segment as an intron in some situations and an exon in others
suppose you mix the following components of protein synthesis in a test tube: amino acids from a rabbit, ribosomes from a dog, tRNA's from a mouse, mRNA from a chimpanzee, and necessary enzymes plus an energy source from a cat. If protein synthesis occurs, which animals proteins will be synthesized? a) cat b)chimpanzee c)rabbit d)mouse e) dog
b)chimpanzee
The smallest unit of evolution (that which evolves) is the a) family b)population c)mated pair d) species e) individual
b)population
The _____ catalyzes the excision of introns from pre-mRNA a) ribosome b) ribonuclease c) spliceosome d) mRNA e) polyadenylase
c) spliceosome
This segment of DNA is cut at restriction sites 1 and 2, which creates restriction fragments A, B, and C. Which of the following electrophoretic gels represents the separation of these fragments?
c
Charles Darwin was the first person to propose a) that Earth is older than a few thousand years b) that evolution occurs c) a mechanism for evolution that was supported by evidence d) a mechanism for how evolution occurs
c) a mechanism for evolution that was supported by evidence
According to Darwin, certain variations were transmitted to the next generation a) because they were at the middle of the whole range of variation b) through the inheritance of specific genes c) because they were successful d) by chance
c) because they were successful
which of the following is not a mechanism whereby a protocol-oncogene is converted to an oncogene? a) chromosome translocation b) gene transposition c) methylation of bases d) gene amplification e) point mutation
c) methylation of bases
In evolutionary terms, the more closely related two different organisms are, the a) less likely they are to be related to fossil forms b) more similar their habits are c) more recently they shared a common ancestor d) more similar they are in size e) less similar their DNA sequences are
c) more recently they shared a common ancestor
Bacteria that have taken up a plasmid from their culture medium can be selected for if a) the bacterial chromosome contains an antibiotic resistance gene b) the plasmid replicates rapidly in the bacterial cell c) the plasmid contains an antibiotic resistance gene d) the recombinant gene has disrupted the expression of a normal gene in the plasmid e) the bacterium has the same restriction enzyme that was used to cut both the plasmid and the target gene
c) the plasmid contains an antibiotic resistance gene
One of the characteristics of retrotransposons is that a) they generally move by a cut and paste mechanism b) they are found only in animal cells c) they code for an enzyme that synthesizes DNA using an RNA template d) they contribute a significant portion of the genetic variability seen within a population of gametes e) their amplification is dependent on a retrovirus
c) they code for an enzyme that synthesizes DNA using an RNA template
If a populations allele and genotype frequencies remain constant from generation to generation a) genetic drift is a significant evolutionary force b) the population is undergoing evolutionary change c)the population is said to be at genetic equilibrium d) microevolution has taken place e) gene flow has occured
c)the population is said to be at genetic equilibrium
what is the most logical sequence of steps for splicing foreign DNA into a plasmid and inserting the plasmid into a bacterium? 1. Transform bacteria with a recombinant DNA molecule 2. Cut the target DNA using a specific restriction enzyme 3. Cut the plasmid DNA using a specific restriction enzyme 4. Hydrogen bond the plasmid DNA to a nonplasmid DNA fragment 5. Use ligase to seal plasmid DNA to nonplasmid DNA a) 2,3,5,4,1 b) 1,2,4,3,5 c) 3,4,5,12 d) 3,2,4,5,1 e) 4,5,1,2,3
d) 3,2,4,5,1
According to the operon model, structural genes a) are transcribed to tRNA b) are inactive when the operator gene is active c) code for repressor proteins d) are transcribed to mRNA which codes for cellular proteins e) control the synthesis of specific proteins which act on regulatory genes
d) are transcribed to mRNA which codes for cellular proteins
Most of the human genome is made up of a) nonrepeated noncoding DNA b) promoters and regulatory sequences such as enhancers c) introns d) repeats of DNA sections e) repeats of DNA that do not jump to different chromosome locations
d) repeats of DNA sections
A researcher lyses a cell that contains nucleic acid molecules and capsomeres of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The cell contents are left in a covered test tube overnight. The next day this mixture is sprayed on tobacco plants. Which of the following would be expected to occur? a) the plants would develop some but not all of the symptoms of the TMV infection b) the plants would develop symptoms typically produced by viroids c) the plants would become infected, but the sap from these plants would be unable to infect other plants d) the plants would develop the typical symptoms of the TMV infection
d) the plants would develop the typical symptoms of the TMV infection
if a mutation occurred in the operator region of the lac operon which prevented the repressor protein from binding a) RNA polymerase would not bind to the promoter b) the repressor protein could not be synthesized c) the structural genes could never be transcribed under any conditions d) the structural genes would be continuously transcribed whether lactose was present or not
d) the structural genes would be continuously transcribed whether lactose was present or not
The functioning of enhancers is an example of a) the stimulation of translation by initiation factors b) post-translational control that activated certain proteins c) a eukaryotic equivalent of prokaryotic promoter functioning d) transcriptional control of gene expression
d) transcriptional control of gene expression
you have isolated a sample from an animal suffering from an unknown disease. Which of the following tests would allow you to determine that the animal has a prion disease? a) pass the sample through a filter to remove particles the size of bacteria and see if the filtrate is still infectious b) treat the sample with nuclease and see if it is still infectious c) heat the sample to normal cooking temperatures and see if it is still infectious d) treat the sample with protease and see if it is still infectious
d) treat the sample with protease and see if it is still infectious
if the frequency of a particular allele that is present in a small, isolated population of alpine plants should change due to a landslide that leaves an even smaller remnant of surviving plants, then what has occurred? a) gene flow b) macroevolution c) microevolution d) the founder effect e) a bottleneck
e) a bottleneck
Natural Selection a) increases random variation b) operates directly on an organism's genome c) acts on the environment d) acts on the gene pool directly e) acts on the phenotype directly
e) acts on the phenotype directly
How might identical and obviously duplicated gene sequences have gotten from one chromosome to another? a) by transcription followed by recombination b) by normal mitotic recombination between sister chromatids c) by deletion followed by insertion d) by normal meiotic recombination e) by chromosomal translocation
e) by chromosomal translocation
The conversion of proinsulin into insulin by the removal of a portion of the polypeptide chain is an example of a) transcript processing control b) translational control c) transport control d) transcriptional control e) post-translational control
e) post-translational control
What does the operon model attempt to explain? a) the mechanism of viral attachment to a host cell b) bacterial resistance to antibiotics c) horizontal transmission of plant viruses d) how genes move between homologous regions of DNA e) the coordinated control of gene expression in bacteria
e) the coordinated control of gene expression in bacteria