Bio 101 Part 2

How much carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is absorbed by the oceans on a daily basis?

20 million metric tons

What is the maximum number of single covalent bonds a carbon atom can form with other elements?

4

Which is not one of the four atoms that make up the bulk of living organisms?

Calcium

Which of the following classes of large organic molecules includes table sugar?

Carbohydrates

What are the four classes of large organic molecules important to life on Earth?

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

Evaluate this statement: Cholesterol is a type of lipid, and thus all cholesterol lipids are bad for human health.

False, because some types cholesterol increase heart disease, but other types are necessary, especially in the plasma membrane.

What is the most common element in your body?

Oxygen

How are oyster larvae affected by ocean acidification?

Oyster larvae cannot grow shells in acidified ocean waters.

What is another name for the polymers of carbohydrates?

Polysaccharides

Identify the part of the atom that most determines the chemical properties of the atom.

The number of electrons

What is the main reason that the oceans are becoming more acidic?

absorption by the oceans of carbon dioxide generated by burning fossil fuels

"maltose" is most likely what macromolecule

carbohydrate

Organic compounds are distinguished by molecules that contain ________ bonded to other elements

carbon

What is the chemical reaction responsible for the oceans becoming more acidic?

carbon dioxide forms with sea water, forming carbonic acid

What is a polysaccharide?

cellulose

The bond in which bonded atoms share electrons is called a(n)

covalent bond

Which of the following represents a simple sugar (also called monosaccharides)?

glucose

Individual water molecules are held to one another by relatively weak ________ bonds

hydrogen

What is the sum total of all the chemical reactions that take place in your body called?

metabolism