Bio 1010 Midterm 1

Of the following functions, the major purpose of RNA is to: a. transmit genetic information to offspring b. function in the synthesis of protein c. make a copy of itself, thus ensuring genetic continuity. d. act as a pattern or blueprint to form DNA e. form the genes of higher organism

b

The slight negative charge at one end of one water molecule is attracted to the slight positive charge of another water molecule. What is this attraction? a. a covalent bond b. a hydrogen bond c. an ionic bond d. a hydrophilic bond e. a hydrophobic bond

b

These are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from one another? a. a different carboxyl group attached to an alpha carbon b. different amino group attached to an alpha carbon different side chains (R groups) attached to an alpha carbon d. different alpha carbons e. different asymmetric carbons

b

Which of the following is a compartment that often takes up much of the volume of the plant cell? a. lysosome b. vuole c. mitochondria d. Golgi apparatus e. perixosome

b

A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s) with other atoms? a. ionic b. hydrogen c. covalent d. ionic and hydrogen only e. ion, hydrogen and covalent

c

Organic chemistry is a science based on the study of: a. functional groups b. vial forces interacting with matter c. carbon compounds d. water and its interaction with other kinds of molecules e. inorganic compounds

c

The difference in lipid and protein composition between the membraned of the endomembrane system largely determined by: a. the physical separation of most membranes from each other. b. the transportation of membrane among the endomembrane system by small membrane vesicles c. the function of the Golgi apparatus in sorting membrane components d. the modification of the membrane components once they reach their final destination e. the synthesis of the lipids and proteins in each of the organelles of the endomembrane system

c

Which branch in biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms? a. informatics b. schematic biology c. taxonomy d. genomics e. evolution

c

Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides? a. a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group b. a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar c. a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group and a pentose sugar d. a phosphate group and an adenine or uracil e. a pentose sugar and a purine or pyrimidine

c

Which of the following statements best summarizes the structural differences between DNA and RNA? a. RNA is a protein, whereas DNA is nucleic acid. b. DNA is a protein, whereas RNA is a nucleic acid c. DNA nucleotides contain different sugar than RNA nucleotides d. RNA is a double helix, but DNA is single-stranded e. RNA is a protein, whereas DNA is a nucleic acid. RNA is a double helix, but DNA is single-stranded.

c

Which of these is a correct representation of the hierarchy of biological organization from least to most complex? a. organelle of a stomach cell, digestive system, large intestine, small intestine, intestinal tissue, organism b. Organelle of an intestinal cell, digestive system, small intestine, large intestine, organism c. molecule, intestinal cell organelle, intestinal cell, intestinal tissue, digestive system, organism d. molecule, small intestine, large intestine, intestinal tissue, digestive system, organism e. molecule, digestive system, digestive cell organelle, small intestine, large intestine, intestinal cell, organism

c

Which of two functional group always found in amino acids? a. ketone and aldehyde b. carbonyl and carboxyl c. carboxyl and amino d. phosphate and sulfhydryl e. hydroxyl and aldehyde

c

If all prokaryotes on Earth suddenly vanished, which of the following would be most likely and most direct result? a. The number of organism would decrease by 10-20% b. Human populations would thrive in the absence of disease. c. Bacteriophage numbers would dramatically increase. d. The recycling of nutrients would be greatly reduced, at least initially e. There would be no more pathogens on Earth

d

Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by glycolysis linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified? a. as a pentose b. as a hexose c. as a monosaccharide d. as a disaccharide e. as a polysaccharide

d

Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what type of cellular structure? a. sites of energy production in cellular respiration b. membrane proteins c. ribosomes d. cytoskeletons e. cellulose fibres in cell walls

d

Regarding prokaryotic reproduction, which statement is correct? a. Prokaryotes for gametes by meiosis b. Prokaryotes feature the union of haploid gametes, as do eukaryotes c. Prokaryotes exchange some of their genes by conjugation, the union of haploid gametes, and transduction. d. Mutation is primary source of variation in prokaryote populations e. Prokaryotes skip sexual life cycles because their life cycle is too short

d

Which functional groups can act as acids? a. amine and sulfhydryl b. carbonyl and carboxyl c. hydroxyl and aldehyde d. carboxyl and phosphate e. ketone and amino

d

Which type of bond must be broken for water to vaporize? a. ionic bonds b. non polar covalent bonds c.polar covalent bonds d. hydrogen bonds e. covalent bonds

d

Which of the following correctly lists the order in which cellular components will be found in the pellet when homogenized cells are treated with increasingly rapid spins in a centrifuge? a. ribosomes, nucleus, mitochondria b. chloroplasts, ribosomes, vacuoles c. nucleus, ribosomes, chloroplasts d. vacuoles, ribosomes, nucleus e. nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes

e

Which of the following properties or processes do we associate with living things? a. evolutionary adaptations b. energy processing c. responding to the environment d. growth and reproduction e. all of these

e

Which of the following statements best describes the carbon atoms present in all organic molecules? a. They were incorporated into organic molecules by plants b. They were processed into sugars through photosynthesis c.They are ultimately derived from carbon dioxide d. They were incorporated into organic molecules by plants. They are ultimately derived from carbon dioxide e. They were incorporated into organic molecules by plants. They were processed into sugars through photosynthesis. They are ultimately derived from carbon dioxide

e

Name the three domains of life (taxonomy)

Domain Bacteria, Domain Eukarya, Domain Archaea

Briefly explain protein denaturation. Denaturation exemplifies which theme in biology?

Protein denaturation is the process where different environmental conditions such as change in temperature or change in pH levels, can affect protein structure by breaking hydrogen bonds, when a protein's structure is changed, its function change as well. Denaturation proves that structure form function.

Cyanobacteria are: a. photoautotrophs b. photoheterotrophs c. chemoautotrophs d. chemoheterotrophs that perform decomposition e. parasitic chemoheterotrophs

a

Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are: a. non polar substances that repel water molecules. b. non polar substances that have an attraction for water molecules c. polar substances that have an affinity for water e. charged molecules that hydrogen-bond with water molecules

a

Not present in all bacteria, this structure enables those that possess it to germinate after exposure to harsh conditions, such as boiling: a. endospore b. sex pilus c. flagellum d. cell wall e. capsule

a

Photoautotrophs use: a. light as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source b. light as an energy source and methane as a carbon source c. N2 as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source d. CO2 as both an energy source and a carbon source e. H2S as an energy source and Co2 as a carbon source

a

Recent evidence points to the conclusion that the ancestral finches of the Galapagos originated in the islands of the Caribbean. a. True b. False

a

Which of the following us not an observation or inference on which Darwin's theory of natural selection is based? a. Poorly adapted individuals never produce offspring b. There is a heritable variation among individuals c. Because of overproduction of offspring, there is competition for limited resources d. Individuals whose inherited characteristics best fit them to the environment will generally produce offspring. e. A population can become adapted to its environment

a

With of the following are capable of converting light energy to chemical energy? a.chloroplasts b. mitochondria c. leucoplasts d. perixosomes e. Golgi bodies

a

In animal cells, hydrolytic enzymes packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. Which of the following organelles functions in compartmentalization? a. chloroplast b. lysosome c. central vuole d. peroxisome e. glyoxysome

b

In fractionation of homogenized cells using centrifugation, the primary factor that determines whether specific cellular component ends up in the supernatant or the pellet is: a. the relative solubility of the component b. the size and weight of the component c. the percentage of carbohydrates in the component d. the number of enzyme in the fraction d. the presence and absence of lipids in the component.

b

Which three factors contribute to genetic diversity in prokaryotes?

mutation, rapid reproduction and genetic recombination