Bio 102 Lab Biodiversity Exam Study Guide
True or false: Bryophytes have an independent sporophyte.
False. The sporophyte remains attached and draws nutrients from the gametophyte.
Seed Development: 1) _____________ 2) ______ develops inside _____ 3) _____ becomes ____ 4) ____ ____ protects _______ inside. 5) The ____ will not _________ until conditions are favorable.
Fertilization, Embryo, Ovule Ovule, Seed Seed Coat, Embryo Seed, Germinate
______________ occurs when the pollen grain __________ and produces a ______ ____ that penetrates the female gametophyte and discharges the sperm.
Fertilization, germinates, pollen tube.
Peridinium have two ________ located in _______.
Flagella, grooves.
Bryophytes have a __________-dominant life-cycle.
Gametophyte
The Archegonial and Antheridial heads of moss are part of the ___________ generation and are _______ structures.
Gametophyte, Haploid
The structure pictured above is the fern ___________, which produces _____ and ____ which fuse to form a ______ which develops into a __________.
Gametophyte, Sperm, Eggs, Zygote, Sporophyte.
In alternation of generations, the Gametophyte produces ____ ___ ______ _______.
Male and female gametes.
In Angiosperms, the megaspore mother cell is surrounded by _______________.
Megasporangium.
Ovules have three parts: 1) __________ which become the female gametophyte with egg cell. 2) ________-rich tissue (stored food) 3) Jacket of cell layers that will form the ____ ____
Megaspores, Nutrient, Seed Coat
__________ give rise to the female gametophyte.
Megaspores.
In alternation of generations, the sporophyte goes through _______ and produces spores.
Meiosis
The megaspore mother cell undergoes _______ to produce _______ megaspores, of which only one is functional.
Meiosis, haploid
The pollen sac or ______________ are located in the ______ of the flower.
Microsporangia, Anther.
In Gymnosperms, diploid microspore mother cells in the _____________ undergo meiosis to produce the ___________.
Microsporangia, Microspores
___________ give rise to the male gametophyte.
Microspores.
The gymnosperm megaspore undergoes several _______ _________ to produce the female gametophyte.
Mitotic divisions
In lichens, the fungus provides a __________ ___________ for the photosynthetic organism.
Protective environment.
Amoebas use ___________ for locomotion.
Pseudopodia (lobe-like extensions of cytoplasm)
___________ stream through the pores in the radiolarians' shells so they look like needles.
Pseudopodia.
The scientific name for Red Algae is ...
Rhodophyta.
In lichens, the photosynthetic organism shares the ______ it makes with the fungus.
Sugars.
In gymnosperms, the fertilized zygote will develop into an _______ __________, and the _______ ___________ will serve as its food when ____________ takes place.
Embryo sporophyte, female gametophyte, germination.
True or false: Fungi are capable of movement.
False. Fungi "move" by growing to a food source.
True or false: All protists are multicellular.
False. Protists are mostly unicellular, though some are multicellular.
True or false: Protists are all heterotrophs.
False. Protists can be heterotrophs or autotrophs.
True or false: fungi exhibit extracellular digestion.
Triue. Fungi secrete enzymes that break down food items externally. Those nutrients are then absorbed into the body.
True or false: Angiosperm flower parts mature into fruits.
True.
True or false: Angiosperms are the most dominant plant group.
True.
True or false: Basidiomycotes are incapable of asexual reproduction.
True.
True or false: Most protists live in water.
True. Some live in moist soil or in the human body.
The long, snakelike organism in purple is known as a ___________, and it is part of the group ____________, meaning it has ________.
Trypanosome, Mastigophora, Flagella.
In a phylogenetic tree, there are ______ branches at each branchpoint.
Two. There cannot be more than two.
In all plant groups but Bryophytes, there are two types of ________ tissues: _____ and ______.
Vascular, Xylem, Phloem.
Bryophytes lack true _______ tissues.
Vascular.
Bryophytes are dependent on _____ to complete their life cycle.
Water. Bryophytes have flagellated sperm that require a film of water to reach the nonmotile egg.
The following image depicts a ...
Zygosporangium
All Zygomycotes produce a _____________ (the sexual structure).
Zygosporangium.
Lichens are made up of ...
a fungus and a photosynthetic organism (typically a cyanobacteria or green algae).
Every species has ...
a mixture of both ancestral and derived traits.
Peziza is a representative genus of ... a) Zygomycota b) Ascomycota c) Basidiomycota d) Imperfect Fungi
b) Ascomycota
Oomycota (the one pictured above is Saprolegnia) are similar to fungi in that they are ...
decomposers.
The moss Archegonial Head produces ...
female gametes (eggs).
The above image depicts a ...
female pine (gymnosperm) cone.
The moss Antheridial Head produces ...
male gametes (sperm).
The above image depicts a ...
male pine (gymnosperm) cone.
In the anther, microspore mother cells undergo _______ to produce _______ microspores.
meiosis, haploid.
When the megaspore mother cell undergoes _______, only _______ division occurs, not ___________ division, resulting in only one cell: the female gametophyte.
meiosis, nuclear, cytoplasmic
Eukaryotes have ...
membrane-bound organelles.
In gymnosperms, after pollination has occurred, the pollen is drawn through the _________ into a cavity called the pollen chamber.
micropyle,
Prokaryotes have ...
no membrane-bound organelles.
In gymnosperms, after the pollen has been drawn into the pollen chamber, a ______ ____ formed by the pollen grain penetrates the ______________ and enters the ____________. Here, fertilization occurs.
pollen tube, megasporangium, archegonium.
Imperfect fungi are fungi that do not ...
reproduce sexually (or a sexual structure has yet to be observed).
The mycelium has ________ that anchor the fungi to the substrate.
rhizoids.
In Angiosperms, the fertilized zygote is becomes a ...
seed.
In gymnosperms, once the egg cell has been fertilized, it becomes a ...
seed.
Fungi are classified into three main groups based on their ...
sexual reproductive structures.
In flowering plants, _______ fertilization occurs.
Double.
Plasmodium, as pictured above, causes ...
Malaria.
True or false:
...
Pollen can be deposited via ___ ________ or ___________.
Air currents, Pollinators.
_________ __ ___________ is a common feature of all plants.
Alternation of Generations.
This organism is known as an ...
Amoeba.
In an ascocarp cross section, the long finger-like structures are the ____ and the _________ are the darker spots within them.
Asci, Ascospores.
The fruiting body of Ascomycotes is called the ...
Ascocarp.
The sexual structure of Ascomycotes is the _____, which produces _________.
Ascus (asci, plural) Ascospores.
The Ascomycotes can produce ________ spores called _______.
Asexual, Conidia.
The rod-shaped bacteria pictured here (bottom center) are called ...
Bacilli.
The sexual structure of Basidiomycotes is called _______ where ____________ are produced.
Basidia, Basidiospores.
The above image depicts a ...
Basidiocarp (Mushroom).
In Basidiomycotes, the fruiting body is called a ___________ (AKA mushroom), and it results from ______ ____________.
Basidiocarp, Sexual reproduction.
Cyanobacteria used to be referred to as __________ _____, but the term is no longer used because _____ ___ ________, ___ ________.
Blue-green algae, Algae are protists, not bacteria.
The scientific name for Green Algae is ...
Chlorophyta
Paramecium, as pictured, move using ...
Cilia
Basidiomycota are also called ...
Club Fungi
The round bacteria pictured here (toward the left) are called ...
Coccus.
_______ are structures that produce spores asexually.
Conidia.
The role of fungi as a __________ is vital for proper ecosystem function.
Decomposer. Decomposing fungi are responsible for the cycling of nutrients.
_________ traits are the only ones useful for constructing phylogenetic trees.
Derived. This is because they change over time.
Crysophyta are _______ and have a ______ ______ _____.
Diatoms, Double silica shell.
Pyrrophyta are ...
Dinoflagellates, meaning that they are photosynthetic, but can swim.
True or false: All fungi are autotrophic.
False. All fungi are heterotrophic, incapable of producing their own food.
True or false: Angiosperms do not produce flowers.
False. Angiosperms are the only plant group to produce flowers.
True or false: Angiosperm fruits serve only as a protective container for the seed.
False. Fruits also serve as dispersal mechanisms for the seed (animal eats fruit, then goes and drops seed somewhere else).
Seed plants are _____________, meaning that they produce two different kinds of ______.
Heterosporous, Spores
The fungal body consists of microscopic filaments called ______.
Hyphae.
Fungi that do not reproduce sexually are called ...
Imperfect Fungi.
The following image depicts a ...
Lichen
___________ fungi live in a partnership with another organism, both organisms benefiting.
Mutualistic.
All of these fungal filaments put together are called a ________.
Mycelium.
The _____ is the _______ reproductive structure that becomes a ____.
Ovule, Female, Seed.
In Angiosperms, the female gametophyte is formed inside each _____ within the _____ of the flower.
Ovule, Ovary.
Name the three characterizations of fungi based on food source.
Parasites, Saprobes, and Mutualists.
Apicomplexa are all ...
Parasites. They can't move by themselves.
__________ fungi obtain nutrients from a living host.
Parasitic.
The scientific name for Brown Algae is ...
Phaeophyta
Euglenophyta are like plants and animals in that they are ____________, but they can also ____.
Photosynthetic, Swim.
Cyanobacteria are a group of ______________ bacteria.
Photosynthetic.
In Angiosperms, the ovary is in the ______ of the flower.
Pistil.
Seed plants produce ...
Pollen and seeds.
In Angiosperms, the male gametophyte is the ...
Pollen grain.
In Angiosperms, microspores develop into _____ ______ (the male gametophyte.)
Pollen grains
Ascomycota are also called ...
Sac Fungi.
_______ fungi obtain nutrients from non-living organic matter.
Saprobe/decomposer
Zygomycotes are mostly ________, with a few _________ species.
Saprobic, Parasitic.
In Ascomycotes, the fruiting body is the result of ______ ____________ occurring in the _______ underground.
Sexual reproduction, Mycelia.
Radiolarians, pictured above, have an outer shell made of ...
Silica (glass)
Sacs called ____ develop on the underside of fern fronds. These sacs then pop open and disperse ______, which germinate into ___________.
Sori, Spores, Gametophytes.
Pollen grains are _____-bearing ____ ___________ which develop from ___________.
Sperm, Male gametophytes, microspores.
The spiral-shaped bacteria pictured here (bottom right) are called ...
Spirilla.
The organism pictured above is called ...
Spirogyra.
Another name for the organisms in Phylum Porifera is ...
Sponges.
In alternation of generations, the male and female gametophytes fuse and become a ...
Sporophyte
In all plant groups but Bryophytes, the dominant generation is the ...
Sporophyte. It is independent and free-living.
Rhizopus (black bread mold) is an example of ... a) Zygomycota b) Ascomycota c) Basidiomycota d) Imperfect Fungi
a) Zygomycota.
Bacteria are ... a) Eukaryotic b) Prokaryotic
b) Prokaryotic
A Mutualistic relationship is one in which ...
both organisms involved benefit from their close association.
In gymnosperms, pollination occurs when the the female cone ...
catches pollen in its sticky pollination droplet.
Amoebas have no ...
cell wall
Each species of Bacteria has unique ...
colony morphology (appearance).
The female gymnosperm gametophyte produces an ___ ____ in its __________.
egg cell, archegonia
In Angiosperms, one sperm fertilizes the ___ while the other fertilizes the __________.
egg, endosperm.
Cyanobacteria tend to live in ___________ ___________ _______ where each "unit" is a ______ _________ ____.
filamentous microscopic strands, single bacterial cell.
The above image depicts a ...
grain of pine pollen.
In Angiosperms, the endosperm serves as ...
stored food for the embryo sporophyte.
Euglena have a ______ ________ on their forehead and an _______ __ ______ _____.
tinsel flagella, eyespot to detect light.
Derived traits are ...
traits not shared with an ancestor. They have changed over time.
Ancestral traits are ...
traits shared with an ancestor. They do have not changed over the course of evolution. They don't help much in determining evolutionary relationships.
Pollen allow transfer of sperm to egg without ...
water.
Female gymnosperm cones tend to be _____ and are typically produced in ______ branches to promote cross-pollination.
woody, higher
