Bio 105, Chapter 3 Review Questions

16. Describe the structures that are characteristic of a prokaryote cell.

the structures that are characteristic of prokaryotic cells are the nucleoid, flagellum, and few others

17. In the context of cell biology, what do we mean by form follows function? What are at least two examples of this concept?

Form follows function in cell biology means that the shape of a cell or body structure is related to the structure of that cell or body part. two examples are: the hand, it is flat shaped and wide enough to grab and hold things and thus is its function, another example is the foot, it is arch shaped and long enough to hold up the weight of the body and this is what it does.

1. Figure 3.7 What structures does a plant cell have that an animal cell does not have? What structures does an animal cell have that a plant cell does not have?

Plant and Animal cells differ with chloroplasts, Vacuoles, and the rigid cell wall.

2. Figure 3.13 Why does the cis face of the Golgi not face the plasma membrane?

The Golgi apparatus has a receiving face near the endoplasmic reticulum and a releasing face on the side away from the ER, toward the cell membrane. The transport vesicles that form from the ER travel to the receiving face, fuse with it, and empty their contents into the lumen of the Golgi apparatus.

15. What are the advantages and disadvantages of light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopes?

The advantages of a light transmission microscope are that you can view a living object and that they are much cheaper than electron microscopes. Electron microscopes are better for viewing small cells but they are expensive and the cells cannot be alive.

10. Which plasma membrane component can be either found on its surface or embedded in the membrane structure? A. protein B. cholesterol C. carbohydrate D. phospholipid

A is the correct answer

7. A typical prokaryotic cell __________________ compared to a eukaryotic cell. A. is smaller in size by a factor of 100 B. is similar in size C. is smaller in size by a factor of one million D. is larger in size by a factor of 10

A is the correct answer

9. Which of the following is not a component of the endomembrane system? A. mitochondrion B. Golgi apparatus C. endoplasmic reticulum D. lysosome

A is the correct answer

14. Active transport must function continuously because __________. A. plasma membranes wear out B. cells must be in constant motion C. facilitated transport opposes active transport D. diffusion is constantly moving the solutes in the other direction

D is the correct answer

12. Water moves via osmosis _________. A. throughout the cytoplasm B. from an area with a high concentration of other solutes to a lower one C. from an area with a low concentration of solutes to an area with a higher one D. from an area with a low concentration of water to one of higher concentration

B is the correct answer

5. The ___________ is the basic unit of life. A. organism B. cell C. tissue D. organ

B is the correct answer

13. The principal force driving movement in diffusion is __________. A. temperature B. particle size C. concentration gradient D. membrane surface area

C is the correct answer

4. When viewing a specimen through a light microscope, scientists use _________ to distinguish the individual components of cells. A. a beam of electrons B. radioactive isotopes C. special stains D. high temperatures

C is the correct answer

8. Which of the following is found both in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? A. nucleus B. mitochondrion C. vacuole D. ribosome

C is the correct answer

6. Which of these do all prokaryotes and eukaryotes share? A. nuclear envelope B. cell walls C. organelles D. plasma membrane

D is the correct answer

11. The tails of the phospholipids of the plasma membrane are composed of _____ and are _______? A. phosphate groups; hydrophobic B. fatty acid groups; hydrophilic C. phosphate groups; hydrophilic D. fatty acid groups; hydrophobic

D is the correct answer

18. Why is it advantageous for the cell membrane to be fluid in nature?

It is advantageous for cell membranes to be fluid in nature because it allows them to mold to an extent and not rip like the non-fluid cell walls of the plant cell.

3. Figure 3.22 A doctor injects a patient with what he thinks is isotonic saline solution. The patient dies, and autopsy reveals that many red blood cells have been destroyed. Do you think the solution the doctor injected was really isotonic?

No, I think that the solutions that the doctor injected the patient with was hypertonic

19. Why does osmosis occur?

Osmosis occurs to transport water across the cell membrane, as water is too polar and cannot be transported across the cell membrane.

20. Where does the cell get energy for active transport processes?

the cell gets energy for active transport from ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate) which is created in the mitochondria