Bio 108 Unit 1 Exam (With Images)

In this molecule there are three different functional groups. List them in the text box below. (IMAGE ON DOC)

-Carbonyl Group (-C=O) -Amino Group (H3N) -Carboxyl Group (C =O, C-OH)

The Seliwanoff test is a chemical test to determine if mono- or di-saccharides contain aldehyde or ketone sugars. In the test, ketone sugars turn deep red, aldehydes turn pale pink. Consider the three samples of monosaccharides below. Which of these images, A-C, are ketoses? (IMAGE ON DOC)* Based on the experimental data, identify all samples, A-C, that should give a Seliwanoff result that is deep red.

1. B 2. B

Acid precipitation has lowered the pH of a particular lake to 4.0. What is the hydrogen ion concentration of the lake? 10-10 M 10-14 M 10 M 10-7 M 10-4 M

10-4 M

Much of the diversity of macromolecules found in living organisms is due to the polymeric nature of these molecules, which are composed of a limited number of unique monomers. For each monomer listed, identify the polymer it can be a part of. glucose 1 nucleotides 2 amino acids 3

1: Glucose__>___Polysaccharides 2: Nucleotides ___>___ DNA or RNA 3: Amino Acid ___>__ Proteins

Diagram of integral membrane protein select the region A-C you expect to find in the amino acid below A=hydrophobic B= hydrophilic C= Hydrophobic Serine: _1__ Phenylalanine: __2__

1: Region A and C 2: Region B

What is the organelle shown here, indicated by a solid red circle? Golgi complex (IMAGE ON DOC)* What is the primary function of this organelle? synthesis of secretory proteins/vesicles

1: smooth endoplasmic reticulum 2: synthesis of lipids/detoxification

Solution of 5 M glucose is separated from solution B containing only water by a membrane that is permeable to both glucose and water. At equilibrium, the concentration in solution A is _1__ in solution B This is an example of ____

1: the same as 2: diffusion

Under which of the following conditions would you expect to find a cell with a predominance of lysosomes? A cell that is producing cytoplasmic proteins. A cell that is constructing its cell wall or extracellular matrix. A cell that is digesting food particles. A cell that is secreting proteins.

A cell that is digesting food particles.

A cell that has a need to diffuse substances from the interior of the cell to the exterior very rapidly would benefit most from which of the following characteristics? A cell with a high surface area to volume ratio. A cell with a small surface area and a small volume. A cell with a high surface area and a high volume. A cell with a low surface area to volume ratio.

A cell with a high surface area to volume ratio.

A hypotonic solution has ____ concentration than a solution which it is being compared. A greater solute A greater solvent Equal solute and solvent

A greater solvent

Evaluate these statements describing differences between bacteria, plant, and animal cells. Which is an accurate statement? A nucleus is found in plant cells, a nucleoid is found in bacteria and animal cells. A nucleus is found in animal cells, a nucleoid is found in bacteria and plant cells. A nucleoid is found in animal cells, a nucleus in bacteria and plant cells. A nucleus is found in plant and animal cells, a nucleoid is found in bacteria cells.

A nucleus is found in plant and animal cells, a nucleoid is found in bacteria cells.

You are asked to chemically analyze two samples. You are told that one is cellulose, the other is glycogen. You are asked to identify whether the source of the sample is plant or animal. What are the monomers in the starch? _____A____ You determine that one of the samples has a branched polymeric chain is this sample cellulose or glycogen?__B__ Which of the samples, cellulose or glycogen is obtained from a plant? __C__

A: Glucose B:glycogen C: cellulose

A red blood cell has been placed into three different solutions. One solution is isotonic to the cell, one solution is hypotonic to the cell, and one solution is hypertonic to the cell. Determine which type of solution is in each beaker based on the cell's reaction. A: cell has water/particles flowing in (overflow) B: cell has water flowing out C: cell has water flowing in and out

A: The solution is hypotonic to the cell. B: Solution HYPERtonic to cell C: Solution is ISOtonic

Consider this diagram of an integral membrane protein. Select the region, labeled A-C, you expect to most likely find each amino acid listed below. (IMAGE ON DOC)* region 1 A region 2 B region 3 C

A: hydrophilic B: Hydrophobic C: hydrophilic

One difference in lipids is due to saturation in the acyl chains of fatty acids -Oleic acid is a fatty acid with 18 carbons in th4 acyl chain and one double bond in cis arrangement -Steric acid is a fatty acis with 28 carbons in the acyl chain and no double bonds At room temperature which fatty acid is likely to be a solid form? __A__ When incorporated into phospholipids and cellular membranes which fatty acid tends to decrease the fluitidty of the membrane __B__

A:steric acid B: Steric acid

What type of transport process would you expect if fatty acids circulating in the bloodstream are transported into an adipose cell whose function is to store lipids as an energy reserve? Active transport because the fatty acids are transported from a low concentration into the adipose cell Diffusion because fatty acids are non-polar and do not need a transport molecule Facilitated diffusion because the fatty acids are large molecules that need to be transported from low concentration to adipose cell Active transport because fatty acids are transported from high concentration to low concentration into the adipose cell Facilitated diffusion because the fatty acids are large molecules that need to be transported from high concentration to low concentration into the adipose cell

Active transport because the fatty acids are transported from a low concentration into the adipose cell

Plants synthesize large amounts of glucose and sucrose in green leaves. These sugars are immediately transported out of the chloroplasts into the phloem (the vasculer system in plants). What type of transport process would you expect if the sugars are transported out of the chloroplasts as soon as they are synthesized into the phloem? Active transport because the sugars are transported from low to high concentration into the phloem. Diffusion because the sugars are nonpolar and do not need a transport molecule. Facilitated diffusion because the sugars are polar and need to be transported from low to high concentration into the phloem. Active transport because the sugars are transported from high to low concentration into the phloem. Facilitated diffusion because the sugars are polar molecules that need to be transported from high to low concentration into the phloem.

Active transport because the sugars are transported from low to high concentration into the phloem.

You are asked to chemically analyze two samples. You are told that one is cellulose, the other is glycogen. You are asked to identify whether the source of the sample is a plant or an animal. What are the monomers in glycogen? 1 You determine that one of the samples has a branched, polymeric chain. Is this sample cellulose, or glycogen? 2 Which of the samples, cellulose or glycogen, is obtained from an animal? 3

Ans 1: glucose Ans 2: Glycogen Ans 3: glycogen

Consider the molecules below and indicate whether they are hydrophilic or hydrophobic. (IMAGE ON DOC)* hydrophobic The amino acid, as defined by the highlighted region in pink: hydrophilic hydrophilic

Answer 1: hydrophobic Answer 2: hydrophilic Answer 3: hydrophilic

You need to classify two unknown cell samples.(IMAGE ON DOC)* You identify a nucleoid in cell __1____. A It is labeled ___2___. You identify a nucleus in cell __3___. B It is labeled __4____. You identify a nucleolus in cell __5___. B It is labeled ___6___.

Answer 1: A Answer 2: 1 Answer 3: B Answer 4: 4 Answer 5: B Answer 6: 5

Select the best match to identify the bond described. A covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity, imposes partial charges on each atom in bond. __1__ A bond in which each atom shares one or more pairs of electrons with its bonding partner. __2__

Answer 1: Polar covalent bond Answer 2: Covalent bond

Hydrogen bonds form when hydrogen in ___1_____ bond is attracted to an _____2______ portion of another molecule.

Answer 1: a polar covalent Answer 2: electronegative

Strong acids will sometimes break bonds between monomers in polymeric molecules. If each of the monomers below were observed after treatment with strong acid, which of the following polymers was initially present? glucose __1__ nucleotides __2__ amino acids __3__

Answer 1: cellulose Answer 2: DNA Answer 3: insulin (a protein)

Select the best match: DNA is composed of __1__ sugars and __2__ nitrogenous bases. RNA is composed of __3__ sugars and __4__ nitrogenous bases.

Answer 1: deoxyribose a Answer 2: A, G, C, T Answer 3: ribose Answer 4: A, G, C, U

If a molecule diffuses through a membrane, it moves _____1______ its concentration gradient, down it ____2____ added energy. does not require

Answer 1: down Answer 2: does not require

Select the best match to describe active transport. The net movement of solutes is from ___1___ concentration to __2_____ concentration. This transport process ______3___ require energy.

Answer 1: low Answer 2: high Answer 3: does

Some integral membrane proteins are modified by having carbohydrates attached to the part of the protein that is not embedded in the lipid bilayer. Based on your knowledge of membrane structure and organelle function, what organelle is primarily responsible for carbohydrate modification? ___1___ On what side of the plasma membrane with the carbohydrate modified protein be found? ___2___.

Answer 1: Golgo apparatus Answer 2: the external face of the plasma membrane

Match the functional group to the description of its composition. A carbon double-bonded to an oxygen atom and to a -OH group. __1__ A nitrogen bonded to two or three hydrogens. __2__

Answer 1: carboxyl Answer 2: amino

Monomers in DNA/RNA are linked by __________ bonds, __1__ while monomers in proteins are linked by ________ bonds __2__

Answer 1: phosphodiester Anser 2: peptide

Which of the following would likely move through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly? Starch glucose An amino acid CO2 K+

CO2

Which of these common elements found in biological molecules has four electrons in the valence shell? (periodic table in doc)* Nitrogen Oxygen Carbon Hydrogen Phosphorus

Carbon

List one functional group that can lower the pH of a solution.

Carboxyl group or carboxylate

The main nucleic acids in cells are _____ Amino acids Phospholipic Bilayers DNA and RNA Starch, amylose, and amylopectin Protein polypeptides

DNA and RNA

What macromolecule could be synthesized if you had a sample of adenines (A), thymines (T), guanines (G), and cytosines (C)?

DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid

Which of the following statements is correct about the atoms in ammonia (NH3), shown here? The nitrogen atom has a full positive charge. Each hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge. The nitrogen atom has a partial positive charge. There are covalent bonds between the hydrogen atoms. Each hydrogen atom has a slight negative charge.

Each hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge.

Oxygen is much more electronegative than hydrogen. Which of the following statements is correct about the atoms in water? Each hydrogen atom in water has a fill positive charge The oxygen atom in water has a partial positive charge There are covalent bonds between the two hydrogen atoms The oxygen atoms in water have a full positive charge Each hydrogen atom in water has a partial positive charge

Each hydrogen atom in water has a partial positive charge

These are electronic shell diagrams of three of the most common elements in biological molecules. Which of the following statements is false? The valence shell of nitrogen has five electrons. Each of these atoms has a total of two electrons in the valence shell. Carbon is the only atom shown here that can form four single covalent bonds and remain a nonpolar molecule. Carbon is a tetravalent element. None of the above, all the statements are true.

Each of these atoms has a total of two electrons in the valence shell.

The pancreas is an organ found in many animals. It synthesizes and secretes a large quantity of protein hormones. You would expect a pancreas cell to have a large quantity of ___. Cytoskeleton Lysosomes Endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus Mitochondria

Endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus

The ____ model describes the structure of a biological membrane as a phospholipid bilayer with proteins inserted throughout

Fluid Mosaic

If a molecules movement across a membrane is said to move down its concentration gradient, this means the molecule moves____ With the aid of energy From low concentration of the molecule to high concentration of the molecule From high concentration of the molecule to low concentration of the molecule From high concentration of water to low concentration of water

From high concentration of the molecule to low concentration of the molecule

Identify the correct bonds for the following: The monomers in polysaccarides are linked by ____1______ bonds. Fatty acids are linked to glycerol compounds by _____2____ bonds.

Glycosidic ester

When sugars and fats are metabolizes to release energy for an organism, approximately 38% of the energy is converted into usable energy, while 62% is lost as heat. What property of water acts to keep temperature levels in the cell from raising to dangerous levels? High cohesion High specific heat High surface tension The density of solid water is less than the density of liquid water

High specific heat

Why does ice float in liquid water? Hydrogen bonds stabilize and keep the water molecules of ice farther apart than the water molecules of liquid water. The crystalline lattice of ice causes it to be denser than liquid water. The ionic bonds between the molecules in ice prevent the ice from sinking. Ice always has air bubbles that keep it afloat.

Hydrogen bonds stabilize and keep the water molecules of ice farther apart than the water molecules of liquid water

Which of the following statements about hydrophilic molecules is false? Hydrophilic molecules are often found in oils A hydrophilic molecule is often soluble in water A hydrophilic molecule is polar A hydrophilic molecule often has numerous functional groups None of the above, all statements are true

Hydrophilic molecules are often found in oil

Which of the following statements about hydrophilic molecules is false? Hydrophilic molecules are often found in oils A hydrophilic molecule is often soluble in water A hydrophilic molecule is polar. A hydrophilic molecule often has numerous functional groups. None of the above, all the statements are true

Hydrophilic molecules are often found in oils

Where would you find a nucleolus? In a prokaryotic cell. In a eukaryotic cell. In a prokaryotic cell, in the nucleiod. In a eukaryotic cell, in the nucleiod. In a eukaryotic cell, in the nucleus.

In a eukaryotic cell, in the nucleus

What eukaryotic organelle is primarily involved in degradation of molecules and other organelles? (one word answer)

Lysosome

What is the organelle where cellular respiration occurs? (one to two words only)

Mitochondria

Name two organelles that fit the description -it is involved in energy metabolism It possess an inner and outer membrane It has characteristic resemplying prokaryotic cells It contains DNA that is replicated along the organelle

Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

Organelles other than the nucleus that contain DNA include ___. Mitochondria Mitochondria or chloroplasts Chloroplasts Ribosomes Ribosomes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts

Mitochondria or chloroplasts

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells? Cell wall Chloroplast Mitochondrion Central vacuole None of the above, these organelles are specific to either plants or to animals

Mitochondrion

Which of the following can form a hydrogen bond with water? (Select all that apply.) Correct Answer -NH2 -CH3 -C=O -OH

NH2, OH, C=O

chloroplasts there are Its function Limited resources Need a high surface to volume ratio Its age

Need a high surface to volume ratio

A nucleus is surrounded by a ____ Nuclear envelope Nuclear partition Nucleoid Nucleous

Nuclear envelope

Cells of the pancreas will incorporate radioactively labeled amino acids into proteins. This "tagging" of newly synthesized proteins enables a researcher to track their location. In this case, we are tracking a protein secreted from the pancreatic cells. What is its most likely pathway of the protein through the cell? Rough ER to vesicles to Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane. Rough ER to the plasma membrane to the nuclear envelope to smooth ER. Rough ER to the nucleus to ribosomes to Golgi apparatus. The nuclear envelope to ribosomes to Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane.

Rough ER to vesicles to Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane.

Of the following, which is the most common route for membrane flow in the endomembrane system? Golgi to the plasma membrane to the nuclear envelope to smooth ER Golgi to lysosomes to E to plasma membrane Rough ER to vesicles to Golgi to the plasma membrane The nuclear envelope to lysosome to Golgi to plasma membrane

Rough ER to vesicles to Golgi to the plasma membrane

Two solutions are separated by a semi-permeable membrane. (IMAGE ON DOC)* Side 1 has 5 M glucose and 5 M sucrose. Side 2 has 5 M glucose. Water and glucose are permeable, while sucrose is impermeable. At equilibrium _________. Side 1 will have a higher water level than side 2. The water level in side 1 and 2 will be equal. Not enough information to determine. Side 2 will have a higher water level than side 1.

Side 1 will have a higher water level than side 2.

Put the following molecules in order from smallest to largest? An amino acid A bacteria DNA from Ecoli A phospholipid

Smallest:an amino acid Next smallest:a phospholipid Almost largest: DNA from ecoli Largest A bacteria

If you were analysing a eukaryotic cell, and it had significantly lower lipid synthesis then expected. What organelle would you suspecting was malfunctioning?

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

The image shows the structural formulas for sucrose and maltose. Which type of isomer best describes these two molecules? Geometric isomers Structural isomers Enimatiners

Structural isomers

If a type of type of transport uses metabolic energy, then which of the following statements applies to that type of transport? Diffusion occurs An equilibrium will be established Substances are moved from high concentration to low concentration Substances are moved against the concentration gradient Substances are not moved via a transport protein

Substances are moved against the concentration gradient

Many mammals control their body temperature by sweating. Which property of water is most directly responsible for the ability of sweat to lower body temperature? The absorption of heat by the breaking of hydrogen bonds. Water's high surface tension. Water's change in density when it condenses. Water's ability to dissolve molecules in the air. The release of heat by the formation of hydrogen bonds.

The absorption of heat by the breaking of hydrogen bonds.

Which of the following is an example of hydrolysis? The synthesis of two amino acids, forming a peptide with the release of water. The synthesis of a nucleotide from a phosphate, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base with the production of a molecule of water. The breakdown of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the utilization of water. The reaction of a two monosaccharides, forming a disaccharide with the release of water.

The breakdown of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the utilization of water

Which of the following events would you expect to happen if the freshwater fish were placed in a saltwater aquarium? The fish cells would be hypertonic to the saltwater, loose water, and their cells would shrivel The fish cells would be hypotonic to the saltwater, intake water, and their cells would expand The fish cells would be hypotonic to the saltwater, loose water and their cells would shrivel The fish cells would be hypertonic to the saltwater, intake water, and their cells would expand or rupture.

The fish cells would be hypotonic to the saltwater, loose water and their cells would shrive

If all the lysosomes within a cell suddenly ruptured, what would be the most likely result? The DNA within mitochondria would break down. More proteins would be made. There would be no change in cell function. The macromolecules in the cytosol would begin to break down.

The macromolecules in the cytosol would begin to break down.

The figure below shows two monosaccharides, glucose on the left and galactose on the right. Galactose in the sugar in milk and glucose is the predominant predominant blood sugar in mammals. Which of these statements correctly indicates a relationship between these sugars? (GLUCOSE AND GALACTOSE) Image on Bio 108 Exam Doc* The molecules are enantiomers. The 3-D structure of the molecules is the same. The molecules are structural isomers. The molecules are geometric isomers. These molecules are similiar, but are not isomers.

The molecules are structural isomers.

While on a trip to the desert, an individual was bitten by a rattlesnake and nearly died from hemolysis. This is the breakage (lysis) of red blood cells. The snake venom was analyzed and three enzymes were identified: phospholipase, which degrades phospholipids: neuraminidase, which removes cell surface carbohydrates, and protease which degrades proteins. Which of these enzymes do you think was responsible for his near fatal red blood cell hemolysis? The neuraminidase removes the carbohydrate rich extracellular matrix, leading to cell breakage since this layer is responsible for strengthening the cell membrane The phospholipase would degrade the phospholipids, the component of a membrane creating a barrier The protease would degrade transmembrane proteins, leading to cell lysis

The phospholipase would degrade the phospholipids, the component of a membrane creating a barrier

According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true statement about membrane phospholipids? They frequently flip-flop from one side of the membrane to the other. They occur in an uninterrupted bilayer, with membrane proteins restricted to the surface of the membrane. They can move laterally along the plane of the membrane. They have hydrophilic tails in the interior of the membrane. They are free to depart from the membrane and dissolve in the surrounding solution.

They can move laterally along the plane of the membrane.

Compared to cells in the nose of a mouse in Missouri, the cells in the nose of an arctic fox in Alaska will most likely have an increased concentration of which of these molecules? Potassium channel proteins Saturated phospholipids Unsaturated phospholipids Water channels (aquaporin proteins)

Unsaturated phospholipids

What property of water best explains why water striders (insects that are able to walk on the surface of water) can stand and walk on water? Water has high cohesion. Water has high levels of evaporative cooling. Liquid water is more dense then solid water. Water has a high surface tension. Water has a high specific heat capacity.

Water has a high surface tension.

A protein loosely bound to the surface of a lipid bilayer is ______________. an integral membrane protein a peripheral membrane protein cholesterol glycoprotein

a peripheral membrane protein

The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration gradient with the help of energy input is _________. exocytosis diffusion active transport osmosis facilitated diffusion

active transport

A transmembrane protein in which a hydrophobic region spans the hydrophobic interior of a lipid bilayer is ______________. an integral membrane protein a peripheral membrane protein cholesterol glycoprotein

an integral membrane protein

A general term for membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells that have a specialized function is __________________. an organelle a nucleus a nucleoid a cell wall

an organell

The pH scale shown indicates the pH values of several common solutions. Which substance is ~100 times more acidic than pure water at neutral pH? (IMAGE ON DOC)* Baking soda Seawater Potatoes lemons Bananas

bananas

Consider this fragment of a polypeptide. Which of the labeled atoms can be involved in secondary structure? (IMAGE ON DOC)* circled atoms C and D circled atoms A circled atoms B circled atoms B and D all circled atoms

circled atoms B and D

In the synthesis of polymers, ________ reactions are a common mechanism to covalently link monomers. (one word answer)

condensation or dehydration reactions

A nucleus ________. is the primary center for metabolic processes is present in prokaryote and eukaryote cell types contains most of the DNA in a cell all of the above none of the above

contains most of the DNA in a cell

The pH scale shown indicates pH values of several common solutions. Which substance is ~100 times more basic than bread at pH 6? (IMAGE ON DOC)* baking soda eggs milk vinegar orange juice

eggs

If a molecules movement across a membrane is said to move down its concentration gradient, this means the molecule moves _________. with the aid of energy from low concentration of the molecule to high concentration of the molecule from high concentration of the molecule to low concentration of the molecule from high concentration of water to low concentration of water

from high concentration of the molecule to low concentration of the molecule

Which solute(s) will exhibit a net diffusion into the cell? The membrane is permeable to water, sucrose, and glucose but impermeable to lactose. (IMAGE ON DOC)* glucose and lactose sucrose and glucose sucrose lactose glucose

glucose

You are trying to characterize an unknown enzyme. When you add the enzyme to a test tube with 10 mg of nucleotides, you notice that the amount of nucleotides decreases over time, but the amount of DNA polymers increase. You conclude that the enzyme likely forms __________. glycosidic bonds by hydrolysis ester linkages by condensation/dehydration peptide bonds by hydrolysis glycosidic bonds by condensation/dehydration peptide bonds by condensation/dehydration

glycosidic bonds by condensation/dehydration

To generate a solution that is hypertonic to a cell, you would need to make sure the solute concentration of the solution is ___________ the solute concentration in the cell. less than greater than equal to

greater than

When a glucose molecule is metabolized to release energy, ~40% of the energy is converted into usable energy, while ~60% is lost as heat. What property of water acts to keep temperature levels in the cell from raising to dangerous levels? high specific heat high surface tension high cohesion high heat of vaporization the density of solid water is less then the density of liquid water

high specific heat

Which of the following explains most specifically the attraction of water molecules to one another? nonpolar covalent bonds ionic bonds hydrogen bonds disulfide bonds hydrophobic interactions

hydrogen bonds

If two solutions have different solute concentrations, the solution with the lower solute concentration is ______________ to the other solution. hypertonic hypotonic isotonic

hypotonic

Modified proteins on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane are most likely formed in the ____. exterior side of a lysosome vesicle interior side of a Golgi vesicle interior side of a lysosome vesicle interior side of the smooth ER exterior side of a Golgi vesicle

interior side of a Golgi vesicle

Name two organelles that fit this description: it is involved in energy metabolism it possesses an inner and outer membrane it has characteristics resembling prokaryotic cells it contains DNA that is replicated along with the organelle

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Organelles other than the nucleus that contain DNA include _________________. mitochondria mitochondria and chloroplasts chloroplasts ribosomes ribosomes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Cells containing membrane-enclosed organelles are _______________. prokaryotic eukaryotic plant and bacterial cells animal and bacterial cells

nucleic acids

DNA and RNA are both examples of _____. proteins nucleic acids lipids carbohydrates none of the above

nucleic acids

Which element below has 6 electrons in its valence shell? hydrogen both nitrogen and oxygen oxygen carbon nitrogen

oxygen

A hydrogen atom can form a hydrogen bond when covalewntly bonded to which of the following atom(s)? Select all that apply. Oxygen (i.e O-H) Nitrogen (i.e N-H) Carbon (i.e. C-H) Hydrogen (i.e. H-H)

oxygen and hydrogen

What is the pH of a solution with a hydroxide ion (OH-) concentration of 10-12M? pH 14 pH 10 pH 12 pH 2 pH 4

pH 2

Which of the following macromolecules is not a polymer? DNA proteins phospholipids starch None of the above, they are all polymers

phospholipids

A bond in which electrons are not shared equally is a _____ bond.

polar covalent

Cells lacking membrane bound organelles are ___ Eukaryotic Plant or bacteria cells Plant or animal cells Prokaryotic

prokaryotic

What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily? large polar ionic large and hydrophobic small polar small and hydrophobic

small and hydrophobic

The partial charges on a water molecule occur because of _____. the unequal sharing of electrons between the hydrogen and the oxygen atoms of a water molecule widespread ionization covalent bonding the high electronegativity of hydrogen the achievement of a stable configuration by one atom of a bond but not by the other partner

the unequal sharing of electrons between the hydrogen and the oxygen atoms of a water molecule