BIO 111 Chapter 1 Questions

No amino acid molecule by itself can speed up or catalyze reactions between other molecules; however, when amino acids are joined together to make a protein with catalytic properties, the new structure (enzymatic protein) can speed up the rate of a specific chemical reaction. What does this illustrate? -the complexity/simplicity paradox -emergent properties -polymer duality -the summation theory -energy flow, processing, and utilization

emergent properties

A controlled experiment is one that __________. -keeps all variables constant -is repeated many times to make sure the results are accurate -tests experimental and control groups in parallel -proceeds slowly enough that a scientist can make careful records of the results

tests experimental and control groups in parallel

All the living things on Earth along with all the places where life exists are collectively described by which of the following terms? a biological community an ecosystem the biosphere a population

the biosphere

Which of the following is an example of "unity in diversity"? -All organisms, including prokaryotes and eukaryotes, use essentially the same genetic code. -The structure of DNA is the same in all organisms. -All of the above are correct. -The forelimbs of all mammals have the same basic structure, modified for different environments.

-All of the above are correct.

Which of the following best describes the logic of inductive reasoning? -If my general conclusions are correct, I will be able to develop a testable hypothesis. -If my observations are accurate, they will support my hypothesis. -If my observations are accurate, I can apply them in a technology. -If my general conclusions are correct, my hypothesis is supported.

-If my general conclusions are correct, I will be able to develop a testable hypothesis.

Imagine there is a species-specific fishing regulation that mandates that only adult fish of this species that are 75 cm or longer may be kept; shorter fish must be released. Based on your knowledge of natural selection, how would you predict that the average length of the adult fish population might be affected? -Length would remain unchanged. -Length would gradually increase. -Length would rapidly decrease. -Length would gradually decrease. -Length would rapidly increase.

-Length would gradually decrease.

In her studies of chimpanzee behavior, Jane Goodall collected both qualitative and quantitative data. Which of the following is an example of quantitative data? -Mothers and their infants typically nap for two to three hours each afternoon. -Chimpanzees typically travel together in small groups. -Pairs of animals take turns grooming each other. -Young chimpanzees play games in the trees and on the ground.

-Mothers and their infants typically nap for two to three hours each afternoon.

Why is it important that scientific discoveries and ideas be discussed by people with various points of view, from a variety of subdisciplines, and with diverse cultural backgrounds? -This is another way of ensuring that everyone gets the same results. -They can correct each other's approach to make it truly scientific. -Scientists need to exchange their ideas with other disciplines and cultures so that all groups are in agreement regarding the course of future research. -Robust and critical discussion between diverse groups improves scientific thinking.

-Robust and critical discussion between diverse groups improves scientific thinking.

Which of the following descriptions constitutes a controlled experiment? -growing one set of 10 seedlings under white light and one set of the same type of seedlings under red light and measuring their growth over a period of two weeks -using a microscope to observe organisms present in a sample of pond water and recording the number of each type of organism observed -growing one set of 10 seedlings under white light at 30°C and one set of a different type of seedlings under red light at 25°C and measuring their growth over a period of two weeks -setting up a bird feeder and compiling a list of all of the bird species seen at the feeder over a period of several weeks

-growing one set of 10 seedlings under white light and one set of the same type of seedlings under red light and measuring their growth over a period of two weeks

Charles Darwin proposed that "descent with modification" resulted when organisms of a particular species become adapted to their environment because they possess which of the following characteristics? -heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment -heritable traits that enhance their survival and decrease their reproductive success in the local environment -nonheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment -nonheritable traits that enhance survival and decrease their reproductive success in the local environment

-heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment

Over time, the lineage that led to modern whales shows a change from four-limbed land animals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is best explained by which of the following concepts or processes? -the hierarchy of the biological organization of life -reductionism -natural selection -an emergent property

-natural selection

Which of the following statements is a distinguishing characteristic of fungi? -converting light energy to chemical energy in the form of sugars -obtaining nutrients by ingesting other organisms -obtaining nutrients by absorbing them from the environment -living in extreme environments like boiling hot springs

-obtaining nutrients by absorbing them from the environment

Approximately what proportion of the carbon dioxide (CO2) released by burning fossil fuels remains in the atmosphere, contributing to the trapping of heat close to Earth's surface? 5% less than 1% 50% 90%

50%

A single-celled organism isolated from a deep-sea, hot thermal vent was found to have a cell wall but lacked a nucleus. This organism is most likely a member of which of the following domains? Plantae Eukarya Fungi Animalia Archaea

Archaea

Which of the following best demonstrates the unity among all organisms? DNA structure and function natural selection descent with modification emergent properties

DNA structure and function

Which taxonomic domain includes multicellular photosynthetic organisms? Archaea Fungi Eukarya Bacteria Plantae

Eukarya

Which of the following statements best distinguishes hypotheses from theories in science? -Hypotheses are guesses; theories are correct answers. -Hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope; theories have broad explanatory power. -Theories are hypotheses that have been proved. -Theories are proved true; hypotheses are often contradicted by experimental results.

Hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope; theories have broad explanatory power.

How does DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) encode information? -The DNA molecule is composed of many amino acids joined together to form a functional protein. -Information is encoded in the different shapes of the DNA molecules. -Information is encoded in the number of each different nucleotide. -Information is encoded in the sequence of nucleotides.

Information is encoded in the sequence of nucleotides.

Which of the following is true of a scientific theory? -It generates testable hypotheses, is supported by a large body of evidence, and is broad in scope. -It is formulated by many scientists over drinks at a convention. -It is a method or device that applies scientific knowledge for some specific purpose. -It must demonstrate the effect of one variable by testing control groups and experimental groups. -It is only accepted after the person who formulated it has died.

It generates testable hypotheses, is supported by a large body of evidence, and is broad in scope.

Competition is central to the theory of natural selection. Why does competition occur? -Organisms typically produce more offspring than can be supported by available resources. -Males must defend their territories. -Females must choose among possible mates. -Organisms are naturally antagonistic. -All of the above are correct.

Organisms typically produce more offspring than can be supported by available resources.

Which of the following is the best description of a control for an experiment? -The control group is kept in an unchanging environment. -The control group is left alone by the experimenters. -The control group is exposed to only one variable rather than several. -The control group is matched with the experimental group except for the one experimental variable.

The control group is matched with the experimental group except for the one experimental variable.

In order for a hypothesis to be used in science, which of the following must be true? -The hypothesis must be reproducible. -The hypothesis must be popularly accepted. -The hypothesis must be proven correct. -The hypothesis is testable and falsifiable. -The hypothesis represents established facts.

The hypothesis is testable and falsifiable.

Which of the following statements is true about chemical elements in an ecosystem? -They depend on sunlight as their source. -They flow through the system, losing some heat in the process. -They cannot be obtained from decomposition. -They exit the ecosystem in the form of heat. -They recycle within the ecosystem, being constantly reused.

They recycle within the ecosystem, being constantly reused.

All the individuals of a particular species living within the bounds of a specified area are collectively described by which of the following terms? a biological community a biological system a biosphere a population

a population

Which of the following statements describes a controlled experiment? -an experiment with at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment -an experiment that proceeds at a slow pace to guarantee that the scientist can carefully observe all reactions and process all experimental data -an experiment that is repeated many times to ensure that the results are accurate -an experiment with at least two groups, one differing from the other by two or more variables

an experiment with at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment

Which of the following represents the correct hierarchy of biological organization from large scale to smaller scale? -biosphere →→ communities →→ populations →→ ecosystems →→ organisms -biosphere →→ ecosystems →→ communities →→ populations →→ organisms -biosphere →→ ecosystems →→ populations →→ communities →→ organisms -communities →→ populations →→ organisms →→ ecosystems →→ biosphere -ecosystems →→ biosphere →→ communities →→ populations →→ organisms

biosphere →→ ecosystems →→ communities →→ populations →→ organisms

Many properties of living things involve the transfer and transformation of energy and matter. For example, plant chloroplasts convert energy from sunlight to which of the following forms of energy or matter? -kinetic energy -chemical energy -the energy of motion -oxygen -carbon dioxide and water

chemical energy

All the organisms on your campus make up __________. a taxonomic domain a community a population an ecosystem

community

What is the correct order for the hierarchy of biological organization from the least to the most complex? -molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, ecosystem, community, population -molecule, cell, tissue, organelle, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem -molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem -molecule, organelle, tissue, cell, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem -molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, ecosystem, community

molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem

Order the biological hierarchy from least to greatest.

molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

Investigating the molecular structure of DNA in order to understand the chemical basis of inheritance is an example of which approach utilized in the study of biology? -systems biology -deductive reasoning -reductionism -emergent properties

reductionism

Which of the following attributes is common to both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? -membrane-enclosed organelles -the use of proteins as information storage molecules -a membrane-enclosed nucleus -generally about the same size -the use of an external membrane to regulate the passage of materials from and to surroundings

the use of an external membrane to regulate the passage of materials from and to surroundings