BIO 111 Exam 2 Ball State

Nucleoid

A membrane free aggregation of DNA in prokaryotes

Osmosis

Diffusion of free water across a membrane.

Isotonic

Equal solute concentration on the inside and outside of the cell

Microtubules

Help the cell resist compression forces

Equilibrium

Molecules operating at the same rate, not just stable

Mitochondrion

The powerhouse of the cell

Tubulin

The protein subunit that makes up microtubules

Endosymbiosis

The theory that states how chloroplasts evolved

Amphipathic

When a protein has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions

Ligand

another name for a signaling molecule

Which of the following is true regarding receptor-mediated endocytosis(RME)? a.)RME is used to transport material out of the cell b.) RME is used to transport materials into the cell using pores in the cell membrane c.) RME involves the use of coat of proteins in a pit d.) RME is non-specific

c.) RME involves the use of coat of proteins in a pit

What type of microscope would be most effective for studying a living cell? a.) Scanning electron microscope b.) Transmission electron microscope c.) Magnifying glass d.). Light Microscope

d.) Light Microscope

In which direction do particles in a solution move during passive diffusion? a.) From lower to higher areas of concentration b.) from left to right c.) from right to left d.) from higher to lower areas of concentration

d.) from higher to lower areas of concentration

Which of the following molecules crosses through a semipermeable membrane during the process of osmosis? a.)Sodium b.)Proteins c.)Glucose d.)Water

d.)Water

Lysosome

A digestive organelle

Which of the following is true regarding the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? (indicate which is rough ER with R and which is smooth ER with S) a.) Contains ribosomes b.)Synthesizes steroids and carbohydrates c.)Aids in the detoxification process d.)Makes proteins to be used in cellular membranes

All are true

Kinase

An enzyme that adds a phosphate group

Peroxisome

An organelle that creates hydrogen peroxide and turns it into water

Intermediate filaments transportation

Bear tension and maintain cell shape

Hypertonic

Higher solute concentration on the outside, lower on the inside

Hypotonic

Lower concentration on the outside, higher on the inside

Apoptosis

Programmed cell death

Centrosome

The structure that contains a pair of centrioles

6 protein functions

Transport proteins enzymatic proteins signal transductions cell-cell recognition intercellular joining Attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix (ECM)

Nucleolus

Where ribosomal RNA is produced in eukaryotes

Some substances such as sugars, amino acids and ions move across the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration using special proteins embedded in the membrane. Which of the following terms applies to this cell transport? a.) Facilitated diffusion b.) Active Transport c.) Endocytosis d.) Osmosis

a.) Facilitated diffusion

Which of the following are examples of exocytosis? (choose all that apply) a.) The release of antibodies from a white blood cell b.) A macrophage engulfing a pathogen to destroy it c.) The transport of chemical messengers (or neurotransmitters) out of nerve cells d.)The absorption of water by a red blood cell

a.) The release of antibodies from a white blood cell c.) The transport of chemical messengers (or neurotransmitters) out of nerve cells

A team of scientists is studying detailed internal structure of a newly discovered cellular organism. What type of microscopy tool should the scientists use in order to observe these structures? a.) Transmission electron microscope b.) Light microscope c.) Scanning electron microscope d.) magnifying glass

a.) Transmission electron microscope

How can substances be transported across a membrane against their concentration gradient? a.) some membrane proteins are ATP-dependent carrier molecules b.) Some membrane proteins act as channels for specific molecules to enter the cell c.) The plasma membrane is permeable to small molecules d.) The plasma membrane is fully hydrophobic

a.) some membrane proteins are ATP-dependent carrier molecules (ATP will make it go against)

what is the main function of cytoplasm in a cell? a.) suspending cellular structures and providing a place for cellular functions to take place b.) Packaging and sending out proteins and lipids c.) Synthesis proteins in the cell d.) Regulating the transport of molecules into and out of the cell

a.) suspending cellular structures and providing a place for cellular functions to take place

A plant cell has a 5% salt concentration. It is placed into a solution containing a 12% salt concentration. What will happen to the plant cell? a.) water will move out of the plant cell, causing it to shrivel b.) Water will move into the plant cell, causing it to swell and burst c.) Water will move into the plant cell, causing it to shrivel d.) Water will move out of the plant cell, causing it to swell and burst

a.) water will move out of the plant cell, causing it to shrivel

Tasha placed a collection of red blood cells into a container filled with an unknown solution. Once in the container, Tasha noticed that the red blood cells swelled and some of them burst. What type of solution were the red blood cells placed in? a.)Hypotonic b.)Hypertonic c.)Isotonic

a.)Hypotonic

Which of the following is a function of the extracellular matrix? a.)Regulating cell differentiation b.)Synthesizing proteins c.)suspending the cell organelles d.)Storing genetic information

a.)Regulating cell differentiation

Place the following steps of a signal transduction pathway in order from beginning (top) to end (bottom) a.) The receptor activated a protein at the membrane b.) A ligand binds to the cell-surface receptor c.) Second messenger molecules are released d.) Final target causes response

b a c d

which of the following choices describes the function of the plasma membrane? (choose all that apply) a.) Synthesizing proteins b.) separating the interior of the cell and the exterior of the cell c.) receiving cell signals d.) controlling the passage of various molecules

b, c, d

A cell has a mutation that makes it unable to appropriately synthesize proteins. Which Structure's function is likely to be impaired by this mutation? a.) Mitochondria b.) Ribosomes c.)Chloroplasts d.) Lysosomes

b.) Ribosomes

Which of the follow is an example of active transport? a.) Water moving out of the small intestine b.) Sodium being reabsorbed in the kidney c.) Carbon Dioxide exchanging between muscle cells and red blood cells Oxygen exchanging between red blood cells and liver cells

b.) Sodium being reabsorbed in the kidney

Which of the following substances is unable to diffuse across the plasma membrane a.) Oxygen, because oxygen molecules are polar b.) Sodium, because ions have charge c.) Carbon Dioxide, because the large size of the molecules d.) Water, because water molecules participate in hydrogen bonding

b.) Sodium, because ions have charge

Which of the following correctly describes the structure of the cell wall in plants? a.) The cell wall is composed of mainly collagen. It supports the cell, allowing it to maintain a rigid shape b.) The cell wall is composed mainly of cellulose. It supports the cell, allowing it to maintain a rigid shape c.) The cell wall is composed mainly of cellulose. It allows for fluid movement of the cell d.) The cell wall is compound mainly of collagen. It allows for fluid movement of the cell

b.) The cell wall is composed mainly of cellulose. It supports the cell, allowing it to maintain a rigid shape

An animal cell has a 2 percent salt concentration. It is placed into a solution with a 0.05 percent salt concentration. What will happen to the animal cell? a.) Water will move out of the animal cell, causing it to shrivel b.) water will move into the animal cell, causing it to swell and burst c.) water will move into the animal cell, causing it to shrivel d.) water will move out of the animal cell, causing it to swell and burst.

b.) water will move into the animal cell, causing it to swell and burst

Which of the following is true of diffusion? a.) Diffusion of particles along the concentration gradient will occur until the particles move fully from one side of the solution to the other b.)Diffusion of particles along the concentration gradient will occur until the particles are equally distributed in all areas of the solution c.) Diffusion of particles against the concentration gradient will occur until random motion occurs d.) Diffusion of particles against the concentration gradient will occur until all the particles have dissolved

b.)Diffusion of particles along the concentration gradient will occur until the particles are equally distributed in all areas of the solution

There are several forms of endocytosis, such as phagocytosis and pinocytosis. Which of the following describes a difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis? a.)Pinocytosis is the intake of large particles or other cells, while phagocytosis is the intake of small amounts of liquid b.)Phagocytosis is the intake of large particles or other cells, while pinocytosis is the intake of small amounts of liquid c.) Phagocytosis is the transport of particles out of a cell, while pinocytosis is the transport of the particles into a cell. d.) Pinocytosis is the the transport of particles out of a cell, while phagocytosis is the transport

b.)Phagocytosis is the intake of large particles or other cells, while pinocytosis is the intake of small amounts of liquid

A cell releases chemical signals into its surrounding space in order to communicate with neighboring cells. Which of the following must occur for the communication to be successful? a.)The same chemical signal must be produced within the neighboring cells b.)The neighboring cell must have the right receptor to receive the signal c.) The neighboring cells must be able to absorb the chemical through diffusion d.) The chemical signal must bind to hormones on the neighboring cells

b.)The neighboring cell must have the right receptor to receive the signal

Which of the following choices correctly describes the composition of the cell membrane? a.) Contains only liquids b.) contains only proteins c.) Contains lipids and proteins d.) Contains lipids cytosol

c.) Contains lipids and proteins

What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulul(ER)? a.) Packaging and tagging proteins for delivery across the cell b.)Producing ATP using stored sugar molecules c.) Making secretory proteins d.) breaking down unneeded cellular structure and molecules

c.) Making secretory proteins

Which of the following is true of Osmosis? a.) Osmosis is the movement of oxygen across a membrane b.) Osmosis requires the use of the energy molecule ATP c.) Osmosis is a type of passive transport d.) Osmosis moves against the water concentration gradient

c.) Osmosis is a type of passive transport

Which of the following statements regarding cell signaling is true? a.) Synaptic signaling is a type of autocrine signaling b.) Direct signaling is a type of signaling found only in plant cells c.) Paracrince signaling allows neighboring cells to communicate over relatively short distances d.) In endocrine signaling, signals are released from a cell and bind to receptors on its own cell membrane

c.) Paracrince signaling allows neighboring cells to communicate over relatively short distances

Which of the following is true regarding plasmodesmata? a.) plasmodesmata are found in animal cells b.) Plasmodesmata form when connexons align in adjacent cells to form a channel c.) Plasmodesmata allow for neighboring plant cells to transport ions, water, and other substances d.) plasmodesmata "pin" adjacent cells together, enabling tissues, like cardiac muscle, to strecth without breaking

c.) Plasmodesmata allow for neighboring plant cells to transport ions, water, and other substances

Which of the following statements regarding chloroplasts is false? a.) Chloroplasts contain DNA b.According to the endosymbiosis theory, they were formed by an ancestral eukaryote consuming photosynthetic bacteria. c.) Thylakoids are pigments found in Chloroplasts that give plants their green color. d.) Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts

c.) Thylakoids are pigments found in Chloroplasts that give plants their green color.

Which of the following junction form a watertight seal between neighboring cells? a.) Gap Junctions b.)Desmosomes c.)tight junctions d.)Plasmodesmata

c.)tight junctions

Plasmodesmata

cell junctions in plants that keep cytosol continuous

A pathogen is ingested by a white blood cell. How might a lysosome assist in getting rid of the pathogen? a.) A lysosome can capture the pathogen and force it back out of the cell b.) a lysosome can fuse the pathogen, injecting it with neutralizing genes to deactivate the pathogen c.) A lysosome can directly engulf the pathogen, allowing its acidic environment to destroy the pathogen. d.) A lysosome can fuse the pathogen once it has been engulfed in a vesicle, breaking it down with digestive enzymes.

d.) A lysosome can fuse the pathogen once it has been engulfed in a vesicle, breaking it down with digestive enzymes.

Which of the following is true regarding the proteins involved in facilitated diffusion? a.) Ions such as sodium, potassium, and calcium can move across the membrane through the use of channel proteins b.) Channel and carrier proteins allow molecules to diffuse passively against their concentration gradients c.) Aquaporins are a type of carrier protein d.) Channel and carrier proteins transport materials at different rates

d.) Channel and carrier proteins transport materials at different rates

Which of the following statements is true regarding gap junctions? a.)Gap junctions are found in plant cells b.) gao junctions are narrow passages that form when holes are punched i the cell walls of neighboring plant cells, allowing direct cytoplasmic exchange c.) gap junctions form in order to seal off openings in animal cells and prevent liquids from leaking d.) Gap junctions form when connexons align in adjacent animal cells to form a channel

d.) Gap junctions form when connexons align in adjacent animal cells to form a channel

which of the following describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump? a.) After ATP hydrolysis occurs, the phosphate group attaches to the pump before the sodium loss b.) the sodium-potassium pump process begins when potassium attaches to the pump, which hydrolyzes ATP c.) Sodium and Potassium ions bind to the pump at the same time, and then sodium is released. d.). Potassium cannot attach to the pump until the sodium ions detach from the pump

d.). Potassium cannot attach to the pump until the sodium ions detach from the pump

Microfilaments

Aid in cell movement and vesicle