bio 1201 exam 1 practice and actual
_____ are components of phospholipids
fatty acids
Sulfur has 6 electrons in its outer electron shell. It combines covalently with hydrogen to form a stable (and smelly) compound. What is the structure of this compound?
H₂S
a reaction in which ATP is cleaved allowing a second unfavorable reaction to occur is _____
a coupled reaction
in an alpha helix, a hydrogen atom participates in a covalent bond with a nitrogen atom of one amino acid and also weakly interacts with an oxygen atom. what is the second weaker interaction called?
a hydrogen bond
K⁺ transported into cells by a protein that cleaves ATP. the concentration of K⁺ inside the cell is greater than the K⁺ outside the cell. what type of transport is occurring?
active transport
which statement about all living things is/are true?
all living things are capable of reproduction
this organelle contains proteins
all of the above (nucleus, vacuole, mitochondria, cytoskeleton)
this organelle is found in plant cells
all of the above (nucleus, vacuole, mitochondria, cytoskeleton)
why does your instructor argue that a carrot in the market is alive?
all of the above; it is still capable of growth, it is still metabolically active, it is still capable of reproduction, it can still acquire nutrients from the environment
Cl⁻ is an example of a(n)
anion
glycosidic linkages are found in
carbohydrates
what four elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
which of the following is an example of a carbohydrate?
cellulose
which of the following would not normally be found in plasma membrane?
cellulose
in biological molecules, phosphorus atoms normally form _____ bonds
five covalent
which of the sequences below goes from largest to the smallest?
liver cell, cell nucleus, hemoglobin, amino acid, carbon atom
the scientific method usually begins with....
making observations
this contains the vast majority of the cell's DNA
nucleus
a condensation reaction ______
occurs by a removal of water; involves the formation of new covalent bonds; is involved in the synthesis of polysaccharides, proteins, and triacylglycerols
compared to ⁴⁰K, the isotope ³⁹K has
one less neutron
why is water cohesive?
one side of the molecule is slightly positive and the other side is slightly negative; water molecules participate in hydrogen bonds
which element is most likely to form polar covalent bonds in biological systems?
oxygen
which type of linkage connect amino acids in protein?
peptide bonds
all cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic have which of the following?
plasma membrane
which organelle prevents small charged molecules like Na⁺ from rapidly entering the cell?
plasma membrane
the overall three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide is called the _______
tertiary structure
large nucleic acids are synthesized from nucleotide monomers by which process?
the removal of water (dehydration reactions)
which of the following is not associated with protein function?
all of these functions are associated with proteins; transport of molecules across membranes, movement of an organism, communication between cells (hormones), catalysis of chemical reactions
components found in eukaryotic cells...
carbohydrate, lipid, protein, nucleic acid
which of the following is a false statement with respect to cellulose?
cellulose is a major food source for all animals because it is easily digested
the R group or side chain of the amino acid serine is -CH₂-OH. the R group or side chain of the amino acid leucine is -CH₂-CH-(CH₃)₂. where would you expect to find these amino acids in a globular protein in aqueous solution?
leucin would be in the interior, and serine would be on the exterior of the globular protein
hemoglobin
protein
O₂ enters human muscles cells. no energy is needed for this process and no transport proteins are required. what membrane transport process is likely to be involved?
simple diffusion
a disulfide bond in a protein that made up of single polypeptide chain is an example of ______
tertiary structure
which organelle is active in protein degradation?
the lysosome
acid rain sometimes has a pH of 5. what is the H⁺ concentration?
1 x 10⁻⁵
which is an example of a lipid?
triglyceride
how many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a carbohydrate composed of 11 glucose monomers?
10
the H⁺ concentration in a person's stomach might be as low as 1x10⁻² M after eating a five Hongo Burrito at the Sanitary Burrito Factory. what is the pH of that person's stomach?
2
a DNA strand sequence is 5' G-G-T-T-G-G-A 3'. what is the sequence of the complementary DNA strand?
5' T-C-C-A-A-C-C 3'
which compound below is chemically most likely to exist?
CH₄
maltose is a disaccharide consisting of two glucose sugars linked together. what is its formula?
C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
sedoheptulose is a seven carbon sugar. what is its molecular formula?
C₇H₁₄C₇
which gas was much less abundant in Earth's early atmosphere than it is now?
O₂
in an alpha helix, a hydrogen atom participates in a covalent bond with a nitrogen atom of one amino acid and also weakly interacts with an oxygen atom. what is this second weaker interaction called?
a hydrogen bond
a mole of water weighs 18 grams while a mole of sucrose weighs 342 grams. which statement is true?
a mole of sucrose has the same number of molecules as a mole of water
an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms results in....
a polar covalent bond
cellulose is:
a structural polysaccharide found in the cell wall of plants
a molecule that has nonpolar covalent bonds would be...
hydrophobic
a compound contains hydroxly groups as its predominant functional group. which of the following statements is true concerning this compound?
it should dissolve in water
in pure water about how many of the water molecules are dissociated into H⁺ and OH⁻?
less than 1 in 1 million
this organelle is involved in energy generation
mitochondria
one of the principle functions of the cell wall is to _______
protect the cell from osmotic lysis
cytoskeleton is composed off...
protein
insulin
protein
which component is present in prokaryotic cells?
ribosomes
a protein known as a phospholipase removes fatty acids from phospholipids. what cellular structure would be most affected by this enzyme?
the cell membranes
insulin, a protein secreted by some pancreas cells, is made on _______
the rough ER
a nucleic acid was isolated from a new plague-causing virus. analysis of this nucleic acid indicated the following base composition: 20% adenine, 30% uracil, 10% guanosine and 40% cytosine. from this information which of the statements is true?
the virus contains RNA
in biological molecules, nitrogen atoms normally form _______ bonds.
three covalent
which one of the following functional groups is important in protein folding?
all of them
if the pH of a solution decreased from 7 to 6, it means that the ...
concentration of OH⁻ is 100 times less than what it was at ph 7
carbon atoms tend to form _____ bonds
covalent
after a "flesh wound" some of the skin fibroblast cells begin to move into the wound area. which sub cellular structure listed below is directly involved in this process of cell movement?
cytoskeleton
tubulin is a major component of this organelle
cytoskeleton
You are trying to identify an organism by looking at a group of its cells under the microscope. It is multicellular and the cells clearly have a cell wall. The cells have many internal organelles but no chloroplasts. To which kingdom does this organism belong?
fungi
which of the following structures directs newly made proteins to their correct location in the cell?
golgi apparatus
sulfur and nitrogen atoms ____
have different numbers of protons; have different numbers of valence electrons; form different numbers of chemical bonds
sulfur and nitrogen atoms _____
have different numbers of protons; have different numbers of valence electrons; form different numbers of chemical bonds
bacillus anthracis cells were treated with lysozyme which destroys the cell wall. these treated cells are then places in pure water. what would you expect to happen to this cell?
they would swell and then burst
compared to ¹²C, the isotope ¹⁴C has
two more neutrons
