Bio 121 Quiz 2

An important buffer in body fluids is Question 15 options: a) NaCl. b) NaOH. c) HCl. d) NaHCO3. e) H2O.

NaHCO3

Ions with a + charge are called Question 18 options: a) cations. b) anions. c) radicals. d) positrons. e) isotopes.

cations

The maximum rate of an enzyme reaction occurs at Question 16 options: a) dehydration. b) hydrolysis. c) synthesis. d) reversible. e) saturation limit.

saturation limit

An example of an organic substance is

sucrose

Magnesium atoms have two electrons in the outermost shell. As a result, you would expect magnesium to form ions with a charge of Question 13 options: a) +1. b) +2. c) -1. d) -2. e) either +2 or -2

+2

Which of the following is the symbol for an amino group? Question 20 options: a) -COOH b) -PO3 c) -NH2 d) -AMO e) -OH

-NH2

Which of the following is/are needed to form a triglyceride molecule? Question 19 options: a) 3 glycerol molecules b) 1 glycerol molecule c) 3 fatty acid molecules d) 3 glycerol + 3 fatty acid molecules e) 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acid molecules

1 glycerol + 3 fatty acid molecules

If an isotope of oxygen has 8 protons, 10 neutrons, and 8 electrons, its mass number is

18

The innermost electron shell in an atom holds up to ________ electrons. Question 19 options: a) 1 b) 2 c) 4 d) 8

2

Adding one phosphate group to adenosine forms Question 14 options: a) ADP. b) ATP. c) AMP. d) 2ATP. e) ribose.

AMP

The most abundant high-energy compound in cells is Question 12 options: a) DNA. b) ADP. c) AMP. d) ATP. e) RNA.

ATP

Which of the following is not a cation? Question 13 options: a) Na+ b) Cl- c) K+ d) Ca2+ e) Mg2+

Cl-

A molecule with a long hydrocarbon chain and a carboxyl group at the end is a(an):

Fatty acid

The group of organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a near 1:2:1 ratio is likely a Question 16 options: a) carbohydrate. b) lipid. c) protein. d) nucleic acid. e) cholesterol.

a carbohydrate

In an aqueous solution, sodium ions would move toward Question 18 options: a) a negative terminal. b) a positive terminal. c) a pH terminal. d) an organic terminal. e) the bottom.

a negative terminal

When placed in water, an inorganic compound dissociates 99 percent, forming hydrogen ions and anions that are not OH-. This compound would be

a strong acid

In dehydration synthesis reactions Question 13 options: a) water is a product. b) water is a reactant. c) water is converted to hydrogen and oxygen. d) hydrogen and oxygen gain electrons.

a water is a product

________ releases hydrogen ions and a(n) ________ accepts hydrogen ions. Question 9 options: a) acid; base b) base; acid c) compound; element d) element; compound

acid; base

If a substance has a pH greater than 7, it is Question 18 options: a) neutral. b) acidic. c) alkaline. d) a buffer.

alkaline

When the pH of the blood is between 7.45 and 7.80, the patient shows signs of: Question 6 options: normal health. acidosis. alkalosis. death.

alkalosis

Fructose Question 15 options: a) is a hexose (6C). b) is an isomer of glucose. c) is found in fruits. d) all of the above e) none of the above

all of the above

Hydrogen bonds

all of the above

The "A" portion of the molecule: Question 19 options: is a functional group. is present in all amino acids. can react with a carboxyl group to form a peptide bond. is termed an amino group. all the above

all of the above

When electrons are transferred from one atom to another, Question 15 options: a) a free electron is formed. b) a hydrogen bond is formed. c) an ionic bond is formed. d) a covalent bond is formed.

an ionic bond is formed

Elements that have atoms with full outer shells of electrons

are inert gases

The smallest stable units of matter are Question 7 options: a) atoms. b) molecules. c) protons. d) neutrons. e) electrons.

atoms

By weight, which element is the second most abundant in the human body? Incorrect Response a) oxygen Correct Answer b) carbon c) hydrogen d) nitrogen e) calcium

carbon

The molecule CO2 is known as Question 2 options: a) carbonized oxygen. b) carbonated oxygen. c) carbon monoxide. d) carbon dioxide.

carbon dioxide

A translucent, heterogeneous mixture with particles that do not settle out is a: Question 2 options: colloid. suspension. solution. salt.

colloid

When atoms complete their outer electron shell by sharing electrons, they form Question 15 options: a) ionic bonds. b) covalent bonds. c) hydrogen bonds. d) anions. e) cations.

covalent bonds.

An ion differs from its parent atom by the number of

electrons

Ionic bonds are formed when Question 16 options: a) atoms share electrons. b) electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another. c) a pair of electrons is shared unequally by two atoms. d) two or more atoms lose electrons at the same time.

electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another

Chemical reactions that yield energy, such as heat, are said to be Question 10 options: a) endergonic. b) activated. c) exergonic. d) neutral.

exergonic

The most important metabolic fuel molecule in the body is Question 17 options: a) glucose. b) caffeine. c) protein. d) vitamins.

glucose

The molecule H2 is known as Question 7 options: a) hydrohydrogen. b) hydrogen. c) hydroxide. d) helium.

hydrogen

Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas are called Question 1 options: a) isotopes. b) isomers. c) isozymes. d) isotypes.

isomers

Each amino acid differs from another in the Question 17 options: a) number of peptide bonds in the molecule. b) size of the amino group. c) number of carboxyl groups. d) nature of the side chain.

nature of the side chain

In a molecule of oxygen, two pairs of electrons are shared equally by two oxygen atoms. The type of bond that is formed is an example of a(n) Question 6 options: a) hydrogen bond. b) nonpolar covalent bond. c) polar covalent bond. d) ionic bond.

nonpolar covalent bond.

Molecules that store and process genetic information are the Question 14 options: a) proteins. b) nucleic acids. c) carbohydrates. d) lipids.

nucleic acids

Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are Question 2 options: a) organic molecules. b) inorganic molecules. c) acids. d) salts. e) bases.

organic molecules

Choose the answer below which is not true about oxidation: Question 20 options: Oxidation is a mechanism for energy production in the body. When oxidation occurs, the substance that is reduced may be oxygen or another nonmetal. Oxidation is the loss of one or more electrons from an atom during a chemical reaction. Oxidation is the gain of electrons by an atom during a chemical reaction.

oxidation is the gain of electrons by an atom during a chemical reaction

By weight, which element is the most plentiful in the human body?

oxygen

A lipid made of a glycerol molecule with two fatty acids attached to one side and a phosphate group connecting a non-lipid group attached to the other Question 12 options: a) cholesterol. b) phospholipids. c) triglycerides. d) prostaglandins.

phospholipids

If one pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms, a(n) ________ occurs. Question 11 options: a) ionic bond b) nonpolar covalent bond c) hydrogen bond d) polar covalent bond

polar covalent bond

A fatty acid that contains multiple double covalent bonds is said to be Question 1 options: a) saturated. b) monounsaturated. c) polyunsaturated. d) hydrogenated.

polyunsaturated

Lipids that are produced by nearly every tissue in the body and that act as local regulators of cell activities are the Question 6 options: a) prostaglandins. b) steroids. c) monoglycerides. d) phospholipids. e) glycolipids.

prostaglandins

Each of the following is an example of an inorganic compound, except Question 4 options: a) water. b) acids. c) bases. d) salts. e) proteins

proteins

The mass number represents the number of Question 4 options: a) protons in an atom. b) electrons in an ion. c) neutrons in an atom. d) protons + neutrons. e) neutrons + electrons.

protons + neutrons

The nucleus of an atom consists of Question 5 options: a) electrons. b) protons. c) neutrons. d) protons + neutrons. e) protons + electrons.

protons + neutrons

The sugar added to water is called the: Question 19 options: solvent. hydrate. anhydrates. solute.

solute

The term ________ means each enzyme catalyzes only one type of reaction. Question 3 options: a) saturation b) specificity c) inertia d) activation

specificity

A dust particle floating on a water surface illustrates Question 20 options: a) surface tension. b) chemical tension. c) static electricity. d) heat capacity.

surface tension.

AB → A + B is to decomposition as A + B → AB is to Question 4 options: a) exchange. b) synthesis. c) combustion. d) replacement.

synthesis

The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by Question 7 options: a) the number of protons. b) the number of neutrons. c) the outermost electron shell. d) the size of the atom.

the outermost electron cell

Energy is never lost, created, or destroyed, but is only changed from one form to another or transferred from one place to another. This statement is know as: Question 16 options: potential energy. the law of conservation of energy. chemical equation. the law of oxidation and reduction.

the law of conservation of energy.

In a chemical reaction, enzymes control: Question 17 options: the speed of the reaction. the nature of the end products. the temperature of the reaction. the pH of the reaction.

the speed of a reaction

You would expect a peptide bond to link Question 11 options: a) two simple sugars. b) two amino acids. c) two nucleotides. d) a sugar and a peptide. e) a peptide and a fatty acid.

two amino acids

In hydrolysis reactions, compounds react with Question 3 options: a) hydrogen, causing decomposition. b) glucose, causing decomposition. c) water, causing decomposition. d) carbon, causing decomposition.

water, causing decomposition

In chemical notation, the symbol Ca2+ means ________. Question 1 options: a) two calcium atoms b) a calcium ion that has lost two electrons c) a calcium ion that has gained two protons d) a calcium ion that has gained two electrons

a calcium ion that has two electrons

When two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration synthesis, Question 16 options: a) two new monosaccharides are formed. b) a disaccharide is formed. c) a polysaccharide is formed. d) a starch is formed. e) all of the above

a disaccharide is formed

A nucleotide consists of

a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group

Substrate molecules bind to enzymes at the ________ sites. Question 5 options: a) amino b) active c) carboxyl d) neutral

active

All of the following are true concerning enzymes, except that they Question 11 options: a) are proteins. b) function as biological catalysts. c) lower the activation energy required for a reaction. d) are consumed during the reaction.

are consumed during the reaction

Carbohydrate molecules Question 12 options: a) are the main building blocks of cell membranes. b) form the regulatory molecules known as enzymes. c) are the body's most readily available source of energy. d) contain the genetic information found in cells.

are the body's most readily avaible source of energy

A functional group is best described as groups of Question 9 options: a) elements that occur in a salt. b) atoms that greatly influence the chemical properties of molecules they are part of. c) the only atoms that ever function in the body. d) elements that form at high pH.

atoms that greatly influence the chemical properties of molecules they are part of.

A potato is eaten and then broken down into glucose. This process is called: Question 12 options: anabolism. digestion. absorption. oxidation.

digestion

Compounds that are ionically bonded: Question 9 options: share electrons. dissociate into electrolytes in water. are held together by hydrogen atoms. do not dissociate in solution.

dissociate into electrolyets in water

The reaction A + B + energy → AB is an example of a(n) Question 14 options: a) exergonic reaction. b) endergonic reaction. c) equilibrium reaction. d) decomposition reaction. e) exchange reaction.

endergonic reaction

A polysaccharide that is formed in liver and muscle cells to store glucose is Question 17 options: a) lactose. b) cellulose. c) glycogen. d) sucrose. e) fructose.

glycogen

According to the rules of complementary base pairing in nucleic acids, cytosine would pair with the base Question 18 options: a) thymine. b) adenine. c) uracil. d) cytosine. e) guanine.

guanine

Nonpolar organic molecules are good examples of Question 1 options: a) electrolytes. b) molecules that will dissociate fully when placed in water. c) hydrophobic compounds. d) hydrophilic compounds.

hydrophobic compounds

Buffer pairs function to: Question 6 options: maintain the blood pH at 6.5. keep the pH of all systems in the body at 7.00. converting weak acids to stronger acids. prevent large changes in pH.

prevent large changes in pH

The atomic number of an atom is determined by the number of ________ it has. Question 8 options: a) electrons b) protons c) neutrons d) protons + neutrons e) protons + electrons

protons

The mass of an atom is largely determined by the number of ________ it has. Question 11 options: a) electrons b) protons c) neutrons d) protons + neutrons e) protons + electrons

protons + neutrons

Interaction between two or more polypeptide chains to form a protein complex is __ structure. Question 4 options: a) primary b) secondary c) tertiary d) quaternary

quaternary

The alpha-helix and pleated sheet are examples of ________ protein structure. Question 13 options: a) primary b) secondary c) tertiary d) quaternary

secondary

A shortage of cholesterol in the body could interfere with the formation of Question 7 options: a) sex hormones. b) proteins. c) cytoplasm. d) glycogen. e) nucleic acids.

sex hormones

Which of the following substances would be most acidic? Question 14 options: a) lemon juice, pH = 2 b) urine, pH = 6 c) tomato juice, pH = 4 d) white wine, pH = 3 e) stomach secretions, pH = 1

stomach secreations, pH = 1

An example of an inorganic substance is (are) Question 10 options: a) fructose. b) water. c) glycerol. d) amino acid.

water

Hydrophilic molecules readily associate with Question 20 options: a) lipid molecules. b) hydrophobic molecules. c) water molecules. d) both lipid molecules and hydrophobic molecules. e) cholesterol.

water molecules

Choose the answer below which is not true about oxidation: Question 8 options: Oxidation is a mechanism for energy production in the body. When oxidation occurs, the substance that is reduced may be oxygen or another nonmetal. Oxidation is the loss of one or more electrons from an atom during a chemical reaction. Oxidation is the gain of electrons by an atom during a chemical reaction.

Oxidation is the gain of electrons by an atom during a chemical reaction

The above diagram in its entirety represents a (an): Question 3 options: dipeptide enzyme polypeptide coenzyme amino acid

amino acid

Radioactive isotopes are: Question 17 options: always harmful and have no diagnostic value. atoms that vary in the number of protons. often used in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. isotopes that always emit highly penetrating positive particles.

often used in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer

The molecule O2 is known as Question 15 options: a) oxide. b) oxygen. c) organic. d) semi-water

oxygen

Of the list below, which has the highest concentration of hydrogen ions? Question 14 options: a) pH 1 b) pH 14 c) pH 7 d) pH 10 e) pH 2

pH 1

Which pH is closest to normal blood pH? Question 8 options: a) pH 7.4 b) pH 8 c) pH 6 d) pH 1.5

pH 7.4

The reaction N2 + 3 H2 → 2 NH3 is an example of a(n) Question 18 options: a) exchange reaction. b) decomposition reaction. c) synthesis reaction. d) enzyme reaction.

synthesis reaction

Disaccharides are: Question 2 options: 2 monosaccharide units linked with loss of water. units consisting of two fatty acids. units consisting of two polysaccharides. amino acids plus two water molecules.

2 monosaccharide units linked with loss of water

One foot in the English system equals how many centimeters in the metric system?

30

If an element is composed of atoms with an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 14, then the nucleus of a neutral atom of this element contains Question 5 options: a) 6 protons. b) 8 electrons. c) 6 protons and 8 neutrons. d) 6 protons and 8 electrons.

6 protons and 8 neutrons

An amino acid is to a protein as ____________ is to a nucleic acid. Question 13 options: a) a neutron b) a nucleotide c) a protein d) a proton

a nucleotide

Identify the product formed from the addition of a phosphate group to ADP. Question 20 options: a) adenosine diphosphate b) adenine c) adenosine triphosphate d) deoxyribonucleic acid e) ribose

adensine triphosphate

Adenosine is formed by combining Question 5 options: a) adenine and ribose. b) adenine and phosphate group. c) ribose and a phosphate group. d) adenine, ribose, and a phosphate group. e) adenine, ribose, and 3 phosphate groups.

adenine and ribose.

Isotopes of an element differ in the number of Question 8 options: a) protons in the nucleus. b) electrons in the nucleus. c) neutrons in the nucleus. d) electron clouds.

neurons in the nucleus

A solution containing equal numbers of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is Question 11 options: a) acidic. b) basic. c) neutral. d) alkaline.

neutral

Which has the greater concentration of hydrogen ions - a substance with a pH of 5 or a substance with a pH of 4? Question 19 options: a) pH of 4 b) pH of 5 c) they are both equal; 4 and 5 are relative values. d) neither, pH has nothing to do with hydrogen ion concentration.

pH of 4

Magnesium atoms have two electrons in their outermost shells and chlorine atoms have seven. The compound magnesium chloride would contain Question 10 options: a) 1 magnesium and 1 chlorine. b) 1 magnesium and 2 chlorine. c) 2 magnesium and 7 chlorine. d) impossible to tell without more information

1 magnesium and 2 chlorine.

Lipids Question 9 options: a) form essential structural components of cells. b) provide roughly twice the energy as carbohydrates. c) help insulate the body. d) cushion organs against shocks. e) all of the above.

all of the above

A side chain on an amino acid is sometimes called Question 10 options: a) fibrous or globular b) a polypeptide chain c) an R group d) nucleic acid

an R group