bio 150 lab

osmosis (passive transport processes)

- a human red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution resulting in crenation of the cell. - cells placed in a hypotonic solution swell to the point of lysis.

physiological (transport) processes

- active transport - pinocytosis - phagocytosis

Click to confirm the structures that represent a major chemical component of the plasma (cell) membrane.

- carbohydrates - glycolipids - channel proteins - glycoproteins - phospholipid bilayer

prophase (major events)

- chromosomes condense and nuclear area looks like a ball of yarn - centrioles migrate to opposite poles of cell and forms aster and spindle fibers - nuclear envelope fragments and disintegrates

telophase (major events)

- chromosomes decondense so less tightly coiled; nuclear envelope re-forms - division of cytoplasm (cytokinesis) occurs throughout this phase of mitosis - contractile ring tightens forming cleavage furrow in animal cell

plasma (cell) membrane (structures or functional descriptions)

- double layer of phospholipids - channel proteins - cholesterol - selectively permeable membrane

cytoplasm (structures or functional descriptions)

- golgi apparatus - smooth endoplasmic reticulum - rough endoplasmic reticulum - cytosol - centrioles (centrosome) - mitochondria - lysosome

filtration (passive transport processes)

- gravity pulls water through a coffee machine dispensing coffee into a pot. - blood pressure pushes fluids and solutes across the capillaries in the kidneys.

tube 3 - 0.3% NaCl (their magnifications)

- hypertonic solution - water moves out of the cell - more solutes than cells contain

tube 1 - distilled water (their magnifications)

- hypotonic solution - water moves into the cell - less solutes than cells contain

tube 2 - 0.9% (their magnifications)

- isotonic solution - water moves in and out equally - same amount of solutes than cells contain

diffusion (passive transport processes)

- kool-aid crystals are placed in a pitcher of water, not stirred and over time disperse evenly throughout. - an aerosol air freshener is sprayed into a room. over time people in the back of the room can smell the scent.

nucleus (structures or functional descriptions)

- nucleolus - DNA - chromatin - hereditary information

physical (transport) processes

- osmosis - simple diffusion - filtration

anaphase (major events)

- spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart

interphase - G1, S, and G2 (major events)

- synthesis and duplication of organelles and enzymes; replication of DNA - longest stage of cell cycle; cell growth

After comparing the wet mount and the stained cheek cells, click the box(es) that best describe the advantage gained by staining cells.

- the stained cells made the nucleus clearly visible - cellular components are clearly distinguishable in the stained cells compared to wet mount cells - the wet mount cells look like shells or "ghosts"

Examine the carrot in the plain water and the carrot in the salt water beakers after they have been submersed in these conditions, with a string around their circumference, for a couple days. plain water

- water moved into the carrot, so the string became tighter - the solution is hypotonic to the intracellular fluid of the carrot cells - the carrot would be crisper when eaten

Examine the carrot in the plain water and the carrot in the salt water beakers after they have been submersed in these conditions, with a string around their circumference, for a couple days. salt water

- water moved out of the carrot, so the string became looser - the solution is hypertonic to the intracellular fluid of the carrot cells - the carrot cells would appear slightly dehydrated

endoplasmic reticulum

Composed of membrane-bound canals for tubular transport throughout the cytoplasm

nucleolus

Dense body of RNA and protein within the nucleus

golgi apparatus (complex)

Flattened, membranous sacs that modify and package a secretion

mitochondrion

Location of ATP production for cellular energy

chromatin

Loosely coiled fibers containing protein and DNA within nucleus

vesicle

Membranous sac formed by the pinching off of pieces of plasma membrane

lyposome

Membranous sac that contains digestive enzymes

cytoplasm

Occupies space between plasma membrane and nucleus

microtubule

Part of the cytoskeleton involved in cellular movement

nuclear envelope

Separates nuclear contents from cytoplasm

ribosome

Small RNA-containing particles for the synthesis of proteins

nucleus

Spherical organelle that contains chromatin and nucleolus

Substances can also move through the membrane by ----- (physiologicial) processes, such as -----.

active, active transport, phagocytosis, pinocytosis

Division of the ---- includes mitosis and cytokinesis, as well as ----- when the cell is manufacturing all that is needed for these division processes.

cell, interphase

The liver and kidneys are important in detoxification, so ----- in these organs would contain many ----- that use oxidase enzymes to carry out this process.

cells, peroxisomes

What substances did not pass through the filter paper?

charcoal

The transport of water into the cells of the celery and carrots cause them to swell, which makes them crispier. (correct/incorrect)

correct

Water moves from the plain water into the cells of the celery and carrots where there is a higher solute concentration and less water concentration. (correct/incorrect)

correct

Cytokinesis is the division of the -----.

cytoplasm

Passive processes ----- ; active processes require the use of ATP.

do not require ATP, require the use of ATP

Each new daughter cell contains the same ----- information as the parent cell.

genetic

What force was responsible for the movement of substances through the filter paper?

gravity

If the celery and carrot pieces were placed in salt water rather than plain water, they would also become more plump and crisp since osmosis is the diffusion of water.

incorrect

During exercise, skeletal muscles ----- their metabolic activity, and capillary blood flow increases. This would increase filtration in these capillaries. The reason for this is a ----- hydrostatic pressure would occur in the capillaries during exercise which would push substances out into the tissues by filtration.

increases, greater

After pregnancy, the uterus decreases in size (involution) with the help of ----- that contain ----- enzymes that help return the organ to its original size.

lysosomes, digestive

Upon death, active transport cannot occur because the ----- cannot synthesize ----- that is required to power the process.

mitochondria, ATP

If a cell is surrounded by a hypertonic solution, water will -----causing the cell to -----: if the cell is surrounded by a hypotonic solution, water will ----- causing it to swell and possibly -----.

move out of the cell, crenate (shrink), move into the cell, burst (lyse)

Air molecules escape from a punctured tire as a result of high pressure inside. (yes/no)

no

Oxygen molecules move into a cell and carbon dioxide molecules leave a cell because of differences in the concentrations of these substances on either side of the membrane. (yes/no)

no

Water molecules move from a faucet through a garden hose when the faucet is turned on. (yes/no)

no

Mitosis is the division of the -----.

nucleus

Each new daughter cell is approximately the same size and has the same -----.

organelles

Substances may move through the membrane by ----- (physical) processes, such as -----.

passive, diffusion, osmosis, and filtration

The ----- functions as a gateway through which chemicals and small particles, such as ----- enter or leave the cell.

plasma membrane, ions or electrolytes

What factor prevented the substances from passing through?

pores in the filter paper were too small

If there were no -----, there would be no enzymes, hormones, membrane channels, cytoskeleton, and other ----- synthesized within cells.

ribosomes, proteins

metaphase (major events)

spindle fibers of microtubules have guided chromosomes to equator of cell

What evidence do you have for your answer to the first question?

tests for glucose and starch were positive

Which substance in the mixture you prepared passed through the filter paper into the filtrate?

water, glucose, starch

A fresh potato is peeled, weighed, and soaked in a strong salt solution. The next day, it is discovered that the potato has lost weight. (yes/no)

yes

A perfume bottle is opened, and soon the odor can be smelled in all parts of the room. (yes/no)

yes

A tea bag is dropped into a cup of hot water, and, without being stirred, all of the liquid becomes the color of tea leaves. (yes/no)

yes

Blood pressure forces water molecules and small dissolved solutes from the blood outward through the thin wall of a blood capillary. (yes/no)

yes

Noninstant coffee is made using a coffemaker. (yes/no)

yes

Plant seeds soaked in water swell and become several times as large as before soaking. (yes/no)

yes