bio 155 exam 8 (6)

Vision in dim light is due to the activity of ________ cells because their rhodopsin pigment is much more sensitive to light than other photopigments.

rod

Which one of the following structures is used to sense rotational movement of the head and body?

semicircular canals of the ear

T/F Reestablishment of the resting potential in a neuron following an action potential requires the activity of the sodium-potassium pump.

true

T/F The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord.

true

T/F The middle ear is filled with air.

true

T/F The sodium-potassium (Na+ - K+) pump creates a charge difference (resting potential) across the cell membrane.

true

Olfactory receptors are located in which one of the following?

upper part of nasal passages

An action potential is a long or rapid release of energy, generated by the of neurons.

voltage-sensitive sodium-potassium (Na+ and K+) channels

What type of neuron transmits impulses within the central nervous system?

interneuron

Electrical impulses are transmitted between components of the central nervous system via which one of the following?

interneurons

The loudness of a sound is specifically associated with the:

amplitude (height) of the sound waves.

The left and right sides of the cerebrum are interconnected by which one of the following?

corpus callosum

T/F The figure below is a diagram of an eye with an abnormality that would result in vision problems. A person with this condition would be considered farsighted and would require convex lenses in order to see objects in the distance.

false

Receptors for fast pain:

generally occur in or near skin.

Which of the following receptors are MOST likely to demonstrate receptor adaptation?

olfactory receptors in the nose

Which one of the following divisions of the nervous system predominates during the relaxed state?

parasympathetic division

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves are part of the ________ nervous system.

peripheral

During synaptic transmission, the influx of ________ causes vesicles in the axon bulb to fuse with the cell membrane, releasing ________.

Calcium (Ca2+); neurotransmitter

All of the following are functions of the myelin sheath of Schwann cells EXCEPT which one?

The myelin sheath plays an important role in synaptic transmission.

Which of the following is the function of the sensory neurons?

Transmitting information to the central nervous system (CNS)

A stronger stimulus results in which one of the following?

activation of more receptors and initiation of more action potentials

There are several toxins that interfere with synaptic transmission. Botulism toxin, for example, interferes with the fusion of acetylcholine-containing vesicles with the membrane of the axon bulb. This would result in which one of the following?

blocking of neurotransmitter release by the presynaptic membrane

Bacterial and viral infections of the brain are rare because the ________ prevents most viruses, proteins, and bacteria from entering the cerebrospinal fluid.

blood-brain barrier

Conscious thought is associated with which one of the following?

cerebral cortex

Which component of the nervous system is divided into the somatic and autonomic divisions?

motor

Which one of the following processes is depicted in the figure below?

synaptic transmission

The repolarization phase of an action potential is dependent on:

the voltage-sensitive K+ pump