BIO-181 Chapter 8 and 9: Key Information

Which of the following statements describes the results of this reaction: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy

C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced

Which of the following statements describes NAD+?

NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle

Which of the following is an example of cooperatively?

a molecule binding at one unit of a tetramer, allowing faster binding at each of the other three

The primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to

act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water

Reactants capable of interacting to form products in a chemical reaction must first overcome a thermodynamic barrier known as the reaction's:

activation energy

How does a noncompetitive inhibitor decrease the rate of an enzyme reaction?

by changing the shape of the enzyme's activation site

What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules?

catabolic pathways

Which of the following statements is representative of the second law of thermodynamics?

cells require a constant input of energy to maintain their high level of organization

When you have a severe fever, what grave consequence may occur if the fever is not controlled?

change in the tertiary structure of your enzyme

Where does glycolysis take place in eukaryotic cells?

cytosol

A chemical reaction that has a positive ΔG is correctly described as?

endergonic

Which of the following is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics?

energy cannot be created or destroyed

The mechanism in which the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier step in the pathway is most precisely described as:

feedback inhibition

Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen (O2) is present or Absent?

glycolysis

Which of the following occurs in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?

glycolysis and fermentation

Photofructosekinase is an allosteric enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, an early step of glycolysis. In the presence of oxygen, an increase in the amount of ATP in a cell would be expected to

inhibit the enzyme and thus slow the rates of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

Where is ATP synthase located in the mitochondrion?

inner membrane

The active site of an enzyme is the region that:

is involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme

Why is glycolysis considered by evolutionary theory to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved?

it does not involve organelles or specialized structures, does not require oxygen, and is present in most organisms

When chemical, transport, or mechanical work is done by an organism, what happens to the heat generated?

it is lost to the environment

Why is ATP an important molecule in metabolism?

it provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions

Why is glycolysis described as having an investment phase and a payoff phase?

it uses stored ATP and then forms a net increase in ATP

The molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidation-reduction reaction

loses electrons and loses potential energy

Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?

mitochondrial inner membrane

Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ into which location in the eukaryotic cells?

mitochondrial intermembrane system

Which of the following produces the most ATP when glucose (C6H12O6) is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2) and water?

oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis)

The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by

substrate-level phosphorylation

According to the induced fit of enzyme catalysis, which of the following is correct?

the binding of the substrate changes the shape of the enzyme's active site

Which of the following is true for all exergonic reactions?

the reaction proceeds with a new release of free energy

Some bacteria are metabolically active in hot springs because

their enzymes have high optimal temperatures

Which of the following is (are) true for anabolic pathways?

they consume energy to build up polymers from monomers

Which of the following statements is true concerning catabolic pathways?

they supply energy; primarily in the form of ATP, for the cell's work