Bio 191 exam 3 homework problems
Fibrinogen is __________.
A Glycoprotein that is converted to fibrin after injuries, and used to clot blood
In the human ovarian cycle, ovulation is triggered by a sharp rise in luteinizing hormone (LH). What is the cause of this sharp rise?
A rise in estradiol from the follicle
The lymphatic vessels in the villi absorb and transport __________.
Chylomicrons
Which of the following correctly traces the pathway of urine flow in vertebrates?
Collecting tubule ureter bladder urethra
Several days after a long holiday weekend including much overeating, you try to cut back on your calories. The first day that you reduce your calorie intake to below the levels that you need, your body will respond primarily by using __________.
Glycogen from the liver
During a fever, the __________ readjusts the set point of the body to a __________ temperature.
Hypothalamus, higher
The tracheal system of insects __________.
Is highly branched and approaches almost every cell to affect gas exchange
What is the relationship between Leydig cells and Sertoli cells?
Leydig cells stimulate the production of sperm cells, and Sertoli cells nourish developing sperm
Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning mating behavior in asexually reproducing species?
Mating behavior is a stimulus that can help to bring about ovulation in asexually reproducing species.
"Striated" is a description that would apply to which kind of animal tissue?
Muscle
Which of the following is a difference between reproduction of humans (and other primates) and all other mammals?
Only humans have menstrual cycles
In which location does fertilization usually take place in a human female?
Oviduct
Which of the following structures and functions is not associated with plasma proteins in a mammal?
Oxygen transport
Which of the following processes would tend to reduce the blood supply to a capillary bed?
Release of endothelin
When you hold your breath, which of the following leads to the urge to breathe?
Rising blood CO2 levels and falling pH
Which of the following is the correct path that sperm travel in leaving the body of a human male?
Seminiferous tubule - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory duct - urethra
Which one of the following hormones is incorrectly paired with its site of production?
TSH - thyroid
Gallstone surgery sometimes requires that the gallbladder be removed. Patients are then advised to avoid ingesting large amounts of fat because __________.
The gallbladder *stores* bile, which i used to emulsify fats
During diastole, __________.
The heart refills with blood atria relax during atrial diastole ventricles relax during ventricular diastole
Which of the following is a true statement about vitamins?
They may be produced by intestinal microorganisms
All amphibians, and most terrestrial invertebrates are:
ectothermal, with variable body temperatures
A gastrovascular cavity __________.
functions in both digestion and distribution of nutrients
In countercurrent exchange
the flow of fluids in opposite directions maintains a favorable diffusion gradient along the length of an exchange surface.
In the human circulatory system, blood flows through the following structures in which order? (1) vena cava, (2) left ventricle, (3) pulmonary vein, (4) right atrium, (5) aorta, (6) pulmonary capillaries
1-4-6-3-2-5
ADH and the RAAS both increase water reabsorption, but they respond to different osmoregulatory problems. Which two of the following statements are true?
ADH is released when osmoregulatory cells in the hypothalamus detect an increase in blood osmolarity, and the RAAS is most likely to respond following an accident or a severe case of diarrhea.
Which of the following processes does not contribute to the exchange in capillary beds of substances between the blood and the tissues?
Active transport by white blood cells
Which of the following are connective tissues?
Adipose tissue, blood, cartilage, and bone
In which vessel of the human circulatory system is blood pressure the highest?
Aorta
Blood flows more slowly in arterioles than in arteries because arterioles _________.
Collectively have a larger cross-sectional area than the arteries
Which of the following statements about nutrition and digestion is true?
During absorption, small molecules such as amino acids and simple sugars enter cells(por ejemplo, microvilli)
Prior to ovulation, the primary steroid hormone secreted by the growing follicle is
Estradiol
Certain maternal diseases, drugs, alcohol, and radiation are most dangerous to embryonic development during ___________.
First three months, when organogenesis is occurring
The finding that MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone) causes frog skin cells to darken when added to the interstitial fluid but has no effect on color when injected into the cells supports which of the following ideas?
MSH binds to cell surface receptors
Which of the following statements correctly describes how the production of human sperm and eggs differs?
Meiosis is an uninterrupted process in males, whereas in females it resumes when a follicle matures and is only completed when a sperm penetrates the egg.
The natural antacid that protects the intestines against stomach acid is produced by the __________.
Pancreas
The filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule of the human does not normally include
Plasma proteins
Which of the following hormones is incorrectly paired with its function?
Prolactin - causes breast development in puberty Actually enables milk production
Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning the cleavage stage of early development?
There is no increase in mass
Erythrocytes play a role in which of the following?
Transporting CO2, transporting 02, buffering blood pH
As a general rule, blood leaving the right ventricle of a mammal's heart will pass through how many capillary beds before it returns to the right ventricle?
Two
Which of the following might make the most effective medication to treat gastric ulcers?
a chemical that kills bacteria in the stomach
The secretory phase of the uterine cycle ___________.
coincides with the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle
Most of the carbon dioxide produced by humans is
converted to bicarbonate ions by an enzyme found in red blood cells
In vertebrate animals, spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ in that
cytokinesis is unequal in oogenesis,whereas it is equal in spermatogenesis
Which of the following sections of the mammalian nephron is incorrectly paired with its function?
descending limb of loop of Henle-diffusion of urea out of filtrate
A nurse tells you that your blood pressure is 112/70. The "70" refers to __________.
diastolic pressure from recoil of the arteries
The "twofold cost" of sex refers to __________.
fewer reproductive offspring produced by individuals of species that have two sexes
The mechanism for the filtration of the blood within the nephron involves __________.
high hydrostatic pressure of blood forcing water and small molecules out of the capillary
The ectoderm germ layer gives rise to the __________.
jaws, teeth, and epidermis of the skin
How is the stomach lining protected from the strongly acidic pH of its contents?
mucous cells secrete a protective lubricant into the stomach
In vertebrates, food is moved along the length of the digestive system by __________.
peristalsis
The filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule of the human does not normally include
plasma proteins
The anterior pituitary __________ from _________ through _______.
receives releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus through portal vessels connecting capillary beds
Increasing the temperature of the human scrotum by 2°C (i.e., near the normal body core temperature) and holding it there would
reduce fertility by impairing spermatogenesis
After a meal of greasy French-fried potatoes, which enzymes would you expect to be most active?
salivary and pancreatic amylase, disaccharides, and lipase
The interstitial fluid of vertebrates __________.
surrounds cells and provides for the exchange of nutrients and wastes
The cilia in the trachea and bronchi __________.
sweep mucus out of the way
A tropic hormone is a hormone __________.
that stimulates other endocrine glands to release hormones
Transport epithelia are responsible for __________.
the movement of solutes in osmoregulation or excretion
An atrioventricular valve prevents the backflow or leakage of blood from __________.
the right ventricle into the right atrium.
What is the function of seminiferous tubules?
the specific location of meiosis, and the subsequent creation of male gametes, namely spermatozoa
