Bio 2 Ch.11 Test (Ms.Greene)

Diagram light striking eye on order

1. Cornea 2. Aqueous humor 3. Lens 4. Vitreous humor 5 retina

What is the most a person 5'6" tall could weigh and still be in normal range (not overweight)?

150 pounds

What cause a stomach ulcer?

A bacterial infection

Circulatory system chart

A. Cardiovascular system B. Blood C. Heart D. Arteries E. Capillaries F. Veins G. Body tissues H. Double circulation

Endocrine system chart

A. Hypothalamus B. Endocrine glands C. Pituitary D. Hormones E. Steroids F. Cholesterol

Female reproductive structure labeling

A. Layer of cells around a developing egg B. Site of fertilization C. Female gonads D. Site of pregnancy E. Structure through which a baby exits the uterus F. Birth canal and site of copulation

Diagram of Organs

A. Oral cavity B. Pharynx C. Salivary glands D. Esophagus E. Liver F. Stomach G. Gallbladder H. Pancreas I. Small intestine J. Larger intestine (colon) K. Rectum L. Anus

Sexual reproduction in humans chart

A. Sperm B. Gametes C. Zygote D. Oviduct E. Gonads F. Testes G. Uterus

What is the condition called when your body's immune system overreacts to an otherwise harmless foreign particle?

Allergy

Which of the following forms of contraception is removable?

An intrauterine device

Which type of white blood cells produced defensive proteins called antibodies?

B Cells

What type of cells make antibodies?

B cells called plasma cells

Select the correct sequence for the pathway of blood through the heart.

Body → Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Lungs → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Body

Which of the following statements is false?

Bones are dry and dead, made up of calcium and connective fibers with a few blood vessels running through them.

As essential nutrient is specifically a nutrient that your body _________.

Cannot make by itself

What type of muscle has branched fibers?

Cardiac muscle

The signal travels along these nerves, and then to the spinal cord and brain. These two structures make up an anatomical division called the ____________.

Central nervous system

The ____ system is a set of proteins that circulates in the blood, stimulating other defenses to help destroy an invader.

Complement

What is the role of the epithelium?

Covers exposed body surfaces

Organs are made up of ________.

Diffrent types of tissues

_____ defenses are always at the ready and are the same whether a particular infectious agent has been encountered before or not.

External

When is an unborn child called a fetus?

From the 9th week of pregnancy to birth

HIV destroys?

Helper T cells

Maintains a steady state internal environment, despite a changing environment, is called ____.

Homeostasis

_______ is the regulation of internal conditions within a range that supports life's processes.

Homeostasis

The _____ system is a collection of cells and organs that protect an organism's body from agents that can cause disease.

Immune

To which region of a cell does a fat soluble hormone bind to its receptor?

In the cell's cytoplasm or the nucleus

What is the primary function of the sinoatrial node?

Initiates the contraction of the heart

Within the part of the nervous system, specialized nerves called _____ integrate this information, formulate a response, and then communicate these instructions as nerve impulses ton______.

Interneurons, and motor neurons were

Give the order for urine leaving body

Kidneys- ureters- bladder- urethra

The pulmonary circuit specifically circulated blood to the _____.

Lungs

Which of the following statements is true?

Mechanical and chemical digestion both occur in the mouth and in the stomach.

Response to a stimulus, such that the effect is counteracted, is called _______ feedback.

Negative

Release of an egg from the ovary is called______.

Ovulation

How is it that red blood cells can bind oxygen in the lungs burn then offload it near body cells that need it?

Oxygen diffuses into or out of the blood following its concentration gradient.

Which accessory organ's secretions neutralize stomach acid before it reaches the intestines?

Pancreas

These nerves are part of an anatomical division of the nervous system called the _________.

Peripheral nervous system

What moves the food from your mouth to your stomach when you swallow?

Peristaltic muscle contractions

What is the role of the epiglottis?

Prevents food from entering the windpipe

Identify the primary role of the lymphatic system.

Produce and store large numbers of white blood cells

Give examples of immunodeficiencies.

SCIDs and AIDS (caused by HIV)

This signal leaves your fingertip via nerve cells called _____.

Sensory neurons

If you touch a stove, _____ in your finger tips sense the dangerous heat and convert this stimulus into an electrical signal.

Sensory receptors

How do muscles in your arm extend your arm outward?

Some muscles in your arm relax and others contract, pulling the arm straight.

From production through ejaculation, which is the correct pathway for a sperm cell?

Testis → Epididymis → Vas Deferens → Seminal Vesicles → Prostate Gland → Penis

Choose the defining characteristic of all arteries?

They only carry blood away from the heart.

Connective Tissue

Tissue type: bone Structure of tissue: sparse population of cells in an extracellular matrix Function of tissue: binds and supports other tissues

Nervous Tissue

Tissue type: brain and spinal cord Structure of tissue: neurons with branching extensions Function of tissue: sense stimuli and transmits signals throughout body

epithelial tissue

Tissue type: epidermis Structure of tissue: sheet of tightly packed cells: one or several cell layers thick Function of tissues: lines organs and body cavities: functions in protection, absorption, and exchange

Muscle tissue

Tissue type: skeletal, smooth or cardiac Structure of tissue: cells called fibers containing contractile proteins Function of tissue: moved body parts

What is the role of villi?

To absorb small nutrient molecules from the digestive tract

Which is NOT a function of the circulatory system?

To produce and store all of the immune system cells

What is the purpose of dialysis treatments?

To remove toxic waste products from the bloodstream?

Which form of diabetes would require regular injections of insulin?

Type 1

Connective Tissue D

Type: adipose tissue Structure/function: fat storage; pads and insulated body

Connective tissue A

Type: blood Structure/function: liquid matrix; functions in transport

Connective tissue B

Type: bone Structure/function: combination of fibers and minerals; string support

Connective tissue C

Type: cartilage Structure/function: surrounds the ends of bones; strong but flexible support

Connective Tissue E

Type: loose connective tissue Structure/function: loose weave of fibers; holds organs in place

How is an adaptive defense initially primed?

Upon exposure to a foreign antigen

Scurvy is caused by a lack of which nutrient?

Vitamin C

Leukocyte, also called _____, function in fighting infections

White blood cells

What would happen if the neurons in your hand could not transmit a signal?

You could move your fingers but you could not feel something touch them.

_________________ describes a set of defenses that is customized to each infectious agent, providing a stronger response when an agent has been encountered before.

adaptive immunity

The term interface can be used to describe the surface across which molecules and ions are exchanged, often diffusing between external and internal environments or between organ systems. What part of the respiratory system forms the interface between the respiratory system and the circulatory system?

alveoli

Which are the thinnest blood vessels?

capillaries

The spinal cord is part of the ________ nervous system.

central

Which part of the brain produces our most distinctly human traits, such as reasoning and imagination?

cerebral cortex

Which receptors in the eye are sensitive to color?

cones

compact, complex animals have specialized internal __ that provide a large surface area

exchange surfaces

Your thigh bone, the largest bone in your body, is called the ________.

femur

In order to provide for easier birth, a newborn baby has membranous areas of skull called?

fontanels

Select the feature which is not directly involved in the clotting process.

hemoglobin

Within each red blood cell, the molecule ______ is a protein that binds oxygen.

hemoglobin

Name the only bone in the body that does not articulate directly with any other bone.

hyoid

There are many organs and glands of the endocrine system, but which one is the master controller?

hypothalamus

What type of disorder is AIDS?

immunodeficiency

What is the name of the response to an injury in which fluids leak from dilated blood vessels causing redness and swelling?

inflammatory response

The protective covering of the body is called the __________.

integumentary system

Which is NOT a major protein found in muscles?

keratin

Which of the following blood cells fights infections?

leukocytes

Sound is "heard" when sound waves cause structures inside your ears to physically vibrate. A signal is then sent to your brain where it is interpreted as sound. What type of receptors in the ear are responsible for the sense of hearing?

mechanoreceptors

most of the control mechanisms that maintain an internal steady state are based on ____, in which a change in a variable triggers mechanisms that reverse that change

negative feedback

What carries a signal from one neuron to the next?

neurotransmitter

______ are groups of several organs that work together to perform the functions of the body.

organ systems

___ are usually composed of several types of tissues that together perform a specific task.

organs

Where does the fertilization of the egg occur?

oviduct

A ____ is an agent in the environment that has the potential to cause disease.

pathogen

_______ describes the process of engulfing and destroying a foreign particle.

phagocytosis

________ refers to how a body system

physiology

The liquid portion of blood is called

plasma

_______ are cell fragments involved in the process of blood clotting.

platelets

Erythrocytes, also called ______, are packed with hemoglobin and transport oxygen to body tissues.

red blood cells

Connective tissue is the most variable of the tissue types. Which one of the following is NOT categorized as connective tissue?

skin

Most absorption of nutrients (besides water) takes place in the ________.

small intestine

Identify which blood vessel drains blood from the head and shoulder region back to the heart.

superior vena cava

_____ are a group of cells with a common structure and function.

tissues

What is the name of the tubes that run from the kidneys to the bladder?

ureters

Which medication prevents viral infections by priming the immune system against a specific virus?

vaccine

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease caused by a _______.

virus