BIO 2 EXAM 2

Photoautotrophic bacteria obtain their carbon from _______ and their energy from ______. A. organic molecules...reactions involving inorganic molecules B. CO2...sunlight C. organic molecules...sunlight D. methane...sunlight E. CO2... reactions involving inorganic chemicals

B. CO2...sunlight

A full-grown oak tree is a.... A. zygote B. Mature sporophyte C. Sporangium D. Mature gametophyte

B. Mature sporophyte

Cyanobacteria are important ecologically because A. They increase the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and oceans B. They are primary producers that fix carbon C. They turn ammonium into atmospheric nitrogen D. All of the above

B. They are primary producers that fix carbon

Which two domains are most closely related? A. bacteria and archaea B. archaea and eukarya C. bacteria and eukarya D. all of these are equally related

B. archaea and eukarya

You are hanging out at Clearwater beach when a bunch of dead fish came floating by. Over the next few hours hundreds more fish wash up on the beach. Later, you see on the news that the Clearwater Beach Marine Aquarium responded to several calls about marine mammals in distress in the area. Based on this information, you would conclude that the organism causing these events is a.... A. rhizarian B. dinoflagellate C. diatom D. excavate

B. dinoflagellate

Similarities between slime molds and fungi are now considered to be ________. A. variations of common ancestral traits B. examples of convergent evolution C. adaptations for many different functions D. homologies

B. examples of convergent evolution

A particular species of protist has obtained a chloroplast via secondary endosymbiosis. You know this because the chloroplasts _______. A. are exceptionally small B. have three or four membranes C. have nuclear and cyanobacterial genes D. have only a single pigment

B. have three or four membranes

You find a green organism in a pond near your house and believe it is a plant, not an alga. The mystery organism is most likely a plant and not an alga if it _________. A. has cell walls that are comprised largely of cellulose B. is surrounded by a cuticle C. contains chloroplasts D. does not contain vascular tissue

B. is surrounded by a cuticle

Compared to vascular plants, non-vascular plants have a relatively _______ sporophyte generation, which means that they tend to have comparatively ________ dispersal potential. A. big....low B. small...low C. big....high D. small...high

B. small...low

In onions (Allium), cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes within each nucleus. How many chromosomes should be in the nucleus of an egg within the embryo sac prior to fertilization? A. 8 B. 16 C. 24 D. 32

A. 8

Mitochondria are thought to be the descendants of certain alpha-proteobacteria. They are, however, no longer able to lead independent lives because most genes originally present on their chromosomes have moved to the nuclear genome. Which phenomenon accounts for the movement of those genes? A. Horizontal gene transfer B. Conjugation C. Plasmolysis D. Translation

A. Horizontal gene transfer

If animals had alternation of generations like plants, _______. A. the products of mitosis would undergo meiosis B. the products of meiosis would undergo mitosis and become multicellular C. the product of meiosis would immediately fuse to form a zygote and then undergo mitosis D. they would have twice as rapid a population growth rate as compared to their current rates

B. the products of meiosis would undergo mitosis and become multicellular

Recently, a microbe that is able to digest cellulose was discovered in a hot spring with an average temperature of 95 degrees. Predict the group which this microbe most likely belongs. A. Fungi B. Proteobacteria C. Archaea D. Cyanobacteria

C. Archaea

Which of the following diseases is caused by pathogenic bacteria? A. Breast cancer B. Type II diabetes C. Lyme disease D. Influenza

C. Lyme disease

Which of the following could occur only after plants moved from the oceans to land? A. Animals could also move onto land because they had easier access to nitrogen B. Plants in the oceans were able to evolve forms that lived in much deeper parts of the oceans C. Cyanobacteria could also move onto land because their host plants occurred there D. Animals could also move onto land because there were opportunities for new food sources

D. Animals could also move onto land because there were opportunities for new food sources

Which of the following organisms is most closely related to land plants? A. kelp B. Euglenoids C. Red algae D. Green algae E. Amoebozoans

D. Green algae

Which of the following is a characteristic that differentiates algae from land plants? A. Land plants have multiple adaptations to reduce water loss such as stomata and cuticle while algae do not B. Algal tissues arise from apical meristems whereas plant tissue grows most actively near the base of the sporophyte C. Algae have a sporic life cycle while land plants have a zygotic life cycle D. Land plants contain plastids for photosynthesis while algae photosynthesizing using non-plastid organelles

A. Land plants have multiple adaptations to reduce water loss such as stomata and cuticle while algae do not

Many species of fish that live in the deep ocean exhibit bioluminescent properties. This is due to: A. Mutualistic relationships with (Vibrio) bacteria B. Parasitic relationships with (Vibrio) bacteria C. Methane decomposers that live on the fish produce the light as a byproduct D. Special organs found in the fish that contain certain species of archaea

A. Mutualistic relationships with (Vibrio) bacteria

Which characteristics of Archaea have differentiated them from both Bacteria and Eukarya? A. The phospholipids in the cell membrane of Archaea are linked differently than those in Bacteria and Eukarya B. Members of Archeae do not have a membrane-bound nucleus C. The histones that are present in Archeae are not found in either Bacteria and Eukarya D. Members of Archaea use RNA as their genetic code E. Members of Archaea are able to live in extreme environments

A. The phospholipids in the cell membrane of Archaea are linked differently than those in Bacteria and Eukarya

Which of the following is not an example of an organism that would most likely be a species of protist? A. a microscopic, single-celled organism that does not have a nucleus and lives in the ocean B. a single-celled organism with a nucleus that is 5 micrometers long and lives in a pond C. a photosynthetic, multi-celled organism D. a heterotrophic eukaryote that lives in a wet, muddy environment

A. a microscopic, single-celled organism that does not have a nucleus and lives in the ocean

Movement of minerals (nutrients) in a plant should be the slowest in: A. bryophytes B. Angiosperms C. Lycophytes D. Gymnosperms

A. bryophytes

Spruces and pines both have needlelike leaves with an adaptive advantage of _______. A. decreased surface area, reducing water loss B. increased surface area, increasing photosynthesis C. increased surface area, increasing gas exchange D. decreased surface area, reducing gas exchange

A. decreased surface area, reducing water loss

Which of the following cellular structures are characteristics of excavates? A. feeding groove B. microvilli C. cell wall D. pseudopodia

A. feeding groove

Apical meristems _____. A. occur in both roots and shoots of plants B. occur only in shoots of plants C. allow plants to move from one place to another D. occurs only in roots of plants

A. occur in both roots and shoots of plants

Photosynthesis has evolved independently how many times? ​ A. once B. twice C. three times D. four times

A. once

Protist include... A. organisms in four different eukaryotic supergroups, some of which are able to reproduce sexually B. organisms classified as plants, animals, and fungi C. Prokaryotes that are heterotrophic or autotrophic D. multiple clades of eukaryotes that are all microscope

A. organisms in four different eukaryotic supergroups, some of which are able to reproduce sexually

Plants had to overcome many challenges in order to colonize the land. Which of the following is NOT one of those challenges? A. using carbon dioxide for photosynthesis B. Resisting desiccation C. ability to resist gravity D. Disperal of gametes

A. using carbon dioxide for photosynthesis

Both cyanobacteria and some species of eukaryotes are able to photosynthesize. What is the reason for this? A. photosynthetic organelles evolved twice: once in cyanobacteria and again in some eukaryotic groups B. cyanobacteria and photosynthetic eukaryotes are monophyletic group C. Some eukaryotes obtained the ability to photosynthesize through endosymbiosis which at some point involved cyanobacteria D. cyanobacteria obtained the ability to photosynthesize through vertical gene transfer

C. Some eukaryotes obtained the ability to photosynthesize through endosymbiosis which at some point involved cyanobacteria

There are many ways in which organisms can be classified. Which of the following is not an example of characteristics that can be used for classification. A. a species of bacteria that has a thick peptifogycan layer B. a microorganism that lives in a deep water sea vent where the average temperature is over 100 degrees C C. a microorganism that is a prey source for another planktonic organism D. an organism that does not survive in the presence of oxygen

C. a microorganism that is a prey source for another planktonic organism

During the Carboniferous period, photosynthesis in immense swamp forest removed _______ from the atmosphere, which produced a _______ global climate which eventually promoted the success of seed plants. A. oxygen....drier, cooler B. Carbon dioxide.....wetter, warmer C. carbon dioxide....drier, cooler D. oxygen....wetter, warmer

C. carbon dioxide....drier, cooler

In addition to seeds, which of the following characteristics is unique to the seed-producing plants? A. lignin present in cell walls B. sporangium C. pollen D. cuticle

C. pollen

Which of the following characteristics tends to limit bryophytes and seedless vascular plants to habitats that are relatively moist? A. presence of lignified vascular tissues B. presences of free-living, independent zygotes and early embryos C. presence of flagellated sperm D. absence of cuticle

C. presence of flagellated sperm

A small plant species lives on the edge of ponds and relies on diffusion to bring various molecules to different parts of its body. The evolution of vascular tissue in this plant would allow it to gain which of the following advantage? A. the ability to reproduce away from water B. the ability for the female gametophyte to provide protection and nourishment for the embryo C. the ability to grow taller thereby increase spore dispersal D. the ability to produce specialized tissues and organs

C. the ability to grow taller thereby increase spore dispersal

What adaptations should on except the seed coast of angiosperm species whose seeds are dispersed by frugivorous (fruit-eating) animals, as opposed to angiosperm species whose seeds are dispersed by other means? A. the seed coat should contain secondary compounds that irritate the lining of the animal's mouth, and the seed coat should be able to withstand high acidity B. the exterior of the seed coat should have barbs or hooks, and the seed coat should contain secondary compounds that irritate the lining of the animal's mouth C. the seed coat should be able to withstand high acidity, and the seed coat should be resistant to the animal's digestive enzymes D. the seed coat, upon its complete digestion, should provide vitamins or nutrients to animals

C. the seed coat should be able to withstand high acidity, and the seed coat should be resistant to the animal's digestive enzymes

Which of the following describe all existing bacteria? A. pathogenic, omnipresent, morphologically diverse B. extremophiles, tiny, abundant C. tiny, ubiquitous, metabolically diverse D. morphologically diverse, metabolically diverse, extremophiles

C. tiny, ubiquitous, metabolically diverse

You are not feeling well and go to the doctor. You tell your doctor that you have a sore throat, so she takes a swab of your throat for the lab to test. She tells you that they will first be performing a Gram stain. Why would a gram stain be necessary? A. The gram stain will determine the specific species of bacteria that is causing the infection B. The gram stain will determine if the infection is due to bacteria or virus C. The gram stain will determine how the bacteria will respond to certain antibiotics based on the shape of the bacteria D. The gram stain will determine how the bacteria will respond to certain antibiotics based on the composition of the cell wall

D. The gram stain will determine how the bacteria will respond to certain antibiotics based on the composition of the cell wall

Today, there are around 250,000 species of angiosperms, yet fewer than 1000 species of gymnosperms. In many ecosystems, angiosperms also dominate in terms of biomass. Which of the following is a likely reason for the success of angiosperm? A. The haploid endosperm provides a back up in case the first sperm cell fails to fertilize the egg, which increases reproductive success B. The fruits that grow around pollen grains attract animals and increases dispersal C. their flowers concentrate secondary metabolites that are toxic to the pollinators that eat them D. Their flowers attract pollinators, which enhances fertilization rate and reproductive success

D. Their flowers attract pollinators, which enhances fertilization rate and reproductive success

Immature seed cones of conifers are usually green before pollination, and flowers of grasses are inconspicuously colored. What does this indicate about their pollination? A. Their pollinating insects are probably color blind B. They probably self-fertilize and do not need pollen carried from one plant to another C. They probably attract pollinators using strong fragrances D. They are probably wind pollinated

D. They are probably wind pollinated

Which of the following statements about the pine life cycle is accurate? A. the pine tree is gametophyte B. male and female gametophyte are in close proximity during gamete synthesis C. double fertilization is a relatively common phenomenon D. conifer pollen grains contain male gametophytes

D. conifer pollen grains contain male gametophytes

A new species of unicellular protists are discovered. This species has a life cycle where the gametes are the only haploid cells produced. Gametes cannot divide to form new haploid cells but they may fertilize other gametes to form diploid cells. What type of life cycle is this? A. Clonal life cycle B. sporic life cycle C. zygotic life cycle D. gametic life cycle

D. gametic life cycle

Gymnosperm pollen can be dispersed through... A. wind B. water C. animal D. more than one of these methods

D. more than one of these methods

During the alternations of generations (sporic) life cycle that is observed in plants, haploid gametes are formed from: A. the diploid gametophyte B. the diploid sporophyte C. the haploid sporophyte D. the haploid gametophyte

D. the haploid gametophyte