Bio 2 Exam 4 Clickers

You're trying to conserve a small population of 100, mostly male birds. Which of these strategies would increase a population's effective size most quickly? A.The designation of the species as endangered by the US government B.The acquisition of numerous eggs for future captive breeding projects in a zoo C.The release of 30 additional male birds into the population D.Building a habitat corridor to connect the population to another population of 100 mostly female birds

D.Building a habitat corridor to connect the population to another population of 100 mostly female birds

Which of the following is TRUE about Island Biogeography? A.Islands near the mainland have lower diversity than those that are far B.Large islands have lower diversity than small islands C.Immigration of new species is expected to increase with the number of species on the island D.Extinction rate is expected to increase with the number of species on the island

D.Extinction rate is expected to increase with the number of species on the island

Which of the following would be unexpected in a small/declining population? A.Genetic drift B.Low reproductive success C.Bottleneck effect D.Increased genetic diversity

D.Increased genetic diversity

How does energy at the top trophic levels return to the primary producers? A.Via transport through decomposers B.Photosynthesizes just acquire the energy dropped in the soil through their roots C.As radiation emitting from animals and decomposers D.It doesn't.

D.It doesn't.

Which hypothesis completely explains global patterns of biodiversity? A.Productivity hypothesis B.Area hypothesis C.Time hypothesis D.None of these

D.None of these

Which of the following would be least likely to help the narwhal avoid potential future troubles? A.Planting trees. B.Increased use of nuclear (i.e. fossil fuel free) energy. C.Release of a chemical into the atmosphere that increases the reflection of solar radiation. D.Release of a chemical that slows the melting of freshwater glaciers.

D.Release of a chemical that slows the melting of freshwater glaciers.

Which two factors are most important in determining major terrestrial biomes? A.Temperature and salinity B.Wind and temperature C.Light and water D.Temperature and water E.Salinity and pH

D.Temperature and water

Which of the following statements is true? A.The earth has remained at the same temperature for roughly 3 billion years B.The earth's temperature has been increasing in the past ~100 years but is now stable and expected to remain so in the next few decades C.The earth's atmospheric composition has remained stable over geologic time D.The earth's atmospheric concentration of CO 2 has increased in the last 100 years

D.The earth's atmospheric concentration of CO 2 has increased in the last 100 years

Which of the following is true? A.The composition of communities changes little over time B.Succession refers to seasonal changes in communities C.A shift in dominant coral species on a reef after a hurricane is an example of primary succession D.The end point of succession is a climax community

D.The end point of succession is a climax community

Which of the following organisms best illustrates K-selection? A.Mice that produce three litters of 10 -15 babies in the course of a summer B.Corals undergoing broadcast spawning during a full moon C.A species of weed that quickly spreads into a region of cleared trees D.The production of thousands of eggs every spring by frogs E.A polar bear producing one or two cubs every three years

E.A polar bear producing one or two cubs every three years

Under what conditions would a population grow slower than predicted by exponential growth? A.Low food resources B.Limited refuges C.Limited nesting sites D.Limited nutrients E.All of the above

E.All of the above

Is the following an r-selected or K-selected species? Elephants

K-selected species

What factors influence the distribution of species?

Temperature Habitat type Water availability Predation

According to the theoretical tenets of reserve design, which is the best reserve design?

largest enclosed space

Is the following an r-selected or K-selected species? Ants

r-selected species

In a forest, the nitrates contained in the nucleic acids of a bear can be made available again to primary producers after the bear dies, through the action of: A.The bear's offspring that contain its alleles B.Bacteria that decompose organic molecules back to their inorganic components C.The toxic mushroom that the bear ate, which killed it D.The salmon that are an important food source for the bear

B.Bacteria that decompose organic molecules back to their inorganic components

Extinction rate is higher when A.Populations are large B.Populations are small C.Populations have high genetic diversity

B.Populations are small

iClicker: In this food chain, what term applies to the caterpillar? A.Primary producer B.Primary consumer C.Secondary consumer D.Tertiary consumer

B.Primary consumer

In this food chain, what trophic level is the caterpillar? A.First trophic level B.Second trophic level C.Third trophic level D.Fourth trophic level

B.Second trophic level

Species richness... A.Is especially high in the Arctic, compared to lower latitudes B.Tends to be greater on continents, compared to smaller islands C.Decreases in communities over time D.Is lower in areas that have high topographical variation

B.Tends to be greater on continents, compared to smaller islands

Why must nutrients be recycled in Earth's ecosystems? A.Nutrients decay very rapidly B.The Earth does not acquire new nutrients each day C.Organisms only release their nutrients back into the ecosystem when they die D.90% of nutrients are lost when they are transferred between trophic levels

B.The Earth does not acquire new nutrients each day

The greatest cause of current loss of biodiversity is A.pollution B.habitat destruction C.introduced species D.global warming E.hunting

B.habitat destruction

For a human population to be stable, how many kids should each woman have on average? A.~1 kid B.~2 kids C.~4 kids D.~8 kids

B.~2 kids

Which of the following is NOT a biological outcome expected by global warming? A.Earlier timing of seasonal events. B.Extinctions of some species. C.Migration of populations toward the equator

C. Migration of populations toward the equator

Which of the following would you least expect in a desert angiosperm? A.Thick waxy cuticle B.Deep roots C.Wide, thin leaves with no stomata D.Flowers and pollen

C. Wide, thin leaves with no stomata

iClicker: When a caterpillar eats a plant, it obtains ________ from the plant. A.Energy B.Nutrients C.A & B

C.A & B

Which population should display the highest growth rate? A.One with a high birth rate and a high death rate B.One with a low birth rate and a low death rate C.One with a high birth rate and a low death rate D.One with a low birth rate and a high death rate

C.One with a high birth rate and a low death rate

Which is not a mechanism by which carbon is released into the atmosphere? A.Cellular respiration B.Burning of fossil fuels C.Photosynthesis D.Natural forest fires

C.Photosynthesis

How is habitat fragmentation related to biodiversity loss? A.In fragmented habitats, more soil erosion takes place. B.Fragments generate silt that negatively affects sensitive river and stream organisms. C.Populations of organisms in fragments are smaller and, thus, more susceptible to extinction. D.Less carbon dioxide is absorbed by plants in fragmented habitats.

C.Populations of organisms in fragments are smaller and, thus, more susceptible to extinction.

Which of the following is a biotic factor that could limit distribution? A.Temperature B.Salinity C.Predation D.Moisture levels

C.Predation

When do you expect a population to be at equilibrium (stable in size)? A.R> 1 B.R < 1 C.R= 1 D.R= 0

C.R= 1

Which of the following is a consequence of biological magnification? A.The biomass of producers in an ecosystem is generally higher than the biomass of primary consumers. B.Populations of top-level predators are generally smaller than populations of primary consumer C.Toxic chemicals in the environment pose greater risk to top-level predators than to primary consumers. D.Only a small portion of the energy captured by producers is transferred to consumers.

C.Toxic chemicals in the environment pose greater risk to top-level predators than to primary consumers.

If there are 1,000 individuals in a population, and the R0 is 1.2, what will be the population size in the next generation? A.800 B.850 C.1,000 D.1,200

D.1,200

What happens to an animal cell placed in a very salty solution? A.It will decrease in volume B.It will increase in volume C.Its volume will remain the same D.Its solute concentration will decrease

A. It will decrease in volume

A population of 100 deer has a per capita population growth rate of 0.02. A year later, you expect the population to be... A.102 individuals B.100 individuals C.120 individuals D.200 individuals E.202 individuals

A.102 individuals

Which of the following plants is most likely to thrive in a desert environment? A.A bryophyte B.A seedless vascular plant C.An angiosperm

A.A bryophyte

Which food chain should have the highest productivity at its top trophic level, assuming that primary productivity is the same in each? A.A food chain with 3 trophic levels and a transfer efficiency of 10% B.A food chain with 4 trophic levels and a transfer efficiency of 10% C.A food chain with 4 trophic levels and a transfer efficiency of 20% D.A food chain with 5 trophic levels and a transfer efficiency of 20%

A.A food chain with 3 trophic levels and a transfer efficiency of 10%

You would expect species richness to be greater in: A.A lake that was formed 100,000 years ago B.A similar lake that was formed 10,000 years ago

A.A lake that was formed 100,000 years ago

When an organism at the top trophic level dies, the elements that made up its tissues... A.Can eventually be used again by primary producers to create new organic molecules B.Are ultimately lost to the ecosystem

A.Can eventually be used again by primary producers to create new organic molecules

The overall energy contained in biomass A.Is typically highest at low trophic levels B.Is typically highest at high trophic levels C.Is roughly the same throughout the food chain/web

A.Is typically highest at low trophic levels

If you wanted to sustain the most people indefinitely from this food web, which organism should you feed them? A.Kelp B.Kelp crab C.Sea urchin D.Horn shark E.Elephant seals

A.Kelp lowest trophic level

Which of the following population is most likely to be able to significantly change its range in response to climate change? A. Western grey kangaroo in Australia B. Merriam's kangaroo rat in North America

B. Merriam's kangaroo rat in North America

What habitat likely experiences the greatest annual rainfall?

B. Rainforest

If every year there are 50 births and 20 deaths to every 1,000 mice in a population, what is the value for r? A.0.02 B.0.03 C.0.05 D.30 E.50

B.0.03

In a stable frog population, the average female produces 6,000 eggs during her lifetime and an average of 300 tadpoles hatch from these eggs. How many of these tadpoles will, on average, survive to reproduce? A.1 B.2 C.10 to 20 D.20 to 100 E.> 100

B.2

Which of the following traits is LEAST important for a pioneer terrestrial plant species in a primary succession? A.Rapid dispersal. B.Ability to outcompete neighbor plants for sunlight. C.Ability to live in open areas with full sunlight. D.Ability to live in habitats with little soil.

B.Ability to outcompete neighbor plants for sunlight.

Salinity is a major _____ factor that limits species' ranges. A.Biotic B.Abiotic

B.Abiotic