bio 201 chapter ch 4 and 5

A tissue has the following characteristics: abundant extracellular matrix, abundant collagen fibers, collagen fibers mainly parallel to each other. Which of the following injuries results in damage to this kind of tissue?

Tear in the tissue that attaches the gastrocnemius muscle to bone

What will develop when the skin is subjected to excess friction or pressure?

callus

The type of connective tissue that contains chondrocytes, a rigid matrix of collagen fibers and proteoglycan-hyaluronic acid aggregates and few, if any, blood vessels is __________.

cartilage

A swollen, painful area of the skin that is also hot and red are symptoms that accompany which process?

inflammation

When comparing the dermis with the subcutaneous tissue, the dermis

is divided into two layers; the subcutaneous layer is not.

Thick skin

is found in areas subject to pressure or friction, such as the palms.

Which type of exocrine gland uses exocytosis to secrete its product?

merocrine

The type of muscle found in the walls of blood vessels is __________ muscle.

smooth

Which type of cell has the potential to differentiate to form adult cell types?

stem cell

What attaches epithelial cells to the basement membrane?

Hemidesmosomes

Baldness

Is more common in men than in women

Bob was completely bald on the top of his head by the time he was 35 years of age. Bob noticed he produced abundant sweat on his head when he exercised. He also noticed that his scalp was no longer oily. Which of the following changes account for the observations?(1) He has fewer functional hair follicles now.(2) He has fewer functional sebaceous glands now.(3) He has fewer merocrine sweat glands now.(4) He has fewer apocrine sweat glands now.

1,2

Which of the following people would have the greatest risk of developing skin cancer?

A 68-year old male with blond hair and blue eyes

What is a scar?

A large amount of granulation tissue converted to dense irregular collagenous connective tissue during tissue repair

A tissue sample has the following components: calcified matrix, collagen, and fibroblasts. Sandy has identified it as bone, but her instructor stated that was incorrect. Which statements below should her instructor use to explain the error?

Bone tissue would have osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes present.

Students were asked to identify the type of muscle tissue that makes up the arrector pili, a structure that moves the hair relative to the skin. Which of the following correctly identified the muscle tissue type?

David stated that it is smooth muscle, eliminating cardiac muscle because the tissue is not located in the heart and skeletal muscle because it is not under voluntary control.

Which of the following statements regarding melanin is true?

During pregnancy, melanin production is increased.

Which of the following statements explains why decubitus ulcers are of concern in elderly patients?

Elderly individuals have more fragile skin due to loss of collagen fibers in the dermis, increasing the likelihood of tissue damage.

Which of the following will help cool the body?

Evaporation of sweat from the skin's surface

Which of the following is NOT a complication of a major burn?

Increased immunity

Which of the following statements accurately represents labile cells?

Labile cells are important to the body, providing a source for new cells to replace those that are damaged.

Which of the following statements concerning the process of tissue repair is false?

Labile cells cannot be replaced by the process of regeneration.

Which of the following occurs when the permeability of blood vessels increases during inflammation?

Migration of white blood cells to the site of injury

An abrasion of the skin results in which of the following?

Portal of entry for microorganisms

Which of the following are symptoms of inflammation?

Redness, heat, and pain

Which of the following statements concerning sebaceous glands is false?

Sebaceous glands are an example of apocrine glands.

__________ epithelium is associated with rapid transport of substances through a membrane, whereas __________ epithelium is associated with resistance to abrasion.

Simple squamous; stratified squamous

Which of the following represents the correct order of the layers of the epidermis from the deepest to the most superficial?

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum

Excessive shedding of this layer of the epidermis of the scalp is responsible for dandruff.

Stratum corneum

This stratum contains many layers of dead squamous cells.

Stratum corneum

Which layer of the epidermis is found in only a few areas of the body?

Stratum lucidum

A parent of a baby visits the pediatrician because the baby's skin is turning orange. Fortunately, the baby's lab tests indicate no abnormality. What could be causing the orange coloration?

The baby's diet consists of mostly sweet potatoes and carrots.

Which of the following is found in spongy bone but not compact bone?

Trabeculae

Which type of epithelial tissue is found in the urinary bladder?

Transitional epithelium

Which of the following is not a feature that connective tissues have in common?

a calcified matrix

Exposure to ultraviolet light causes the skin to darken by stimulating the

activity of the enzyme tyrosinase.

Eccrine sweat glands

aid in cooling the body.

Which type of skin cancer is the most common?

basal cell carcinoma

What is the examination of a dead body to determine the cause of death or to study the changes caused by a disease?

autopsy

Which of the following is associated with nervous tissue?

axon

Due to the contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of the dermal blood vessels,

body heat is conserved.

The three types of protein fibers found in connective tissue are

collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.

By covering the whole body surface, the skin acts as a protective barrier and plays a role in __________.

excretion

All of the following are complication of a major burn except

decreased protein demand.

Fibroblasts and protein fibers are associated with both __________ and __________.

dense regular; dense irregular connective tissues

Epithelial tissue that can stretch or is subjected to stress would have __________.

desmosomes

Because it forms covering and lining layers for body structures, __________ tissue has very little extracellular matrix.

epithelial

When the skin develops a reddish color due to a temporary increase in blood flow, the condition is called __________.

erythema

With aging, individuals tend to feel colder and usually need the thermostat in their home set higher in the winter to feel warm enough. This is probably because the elderly

experience a decrease in the thickness of their subcutaneous layer.

Ringworm is an infection of the skin, hair, and nails caused by a/an __________.

fungus

Structures that function in intercellular communication include __________.

gap junctions

Melanin production can be influenced by

genetics, exposure to sunlight, hormones, and pregnancy. (answer is all of the above)

The portion of a hair that protrudes above the surface of the skin is the __________.

hair shaft

Unlike an exocrine gland, an endocrine gland

has no ducts

The embryonic germ layer that is the source of connective tissue and muscle is __________.

mesoderm

Which type of membrane lines cavities that open to the outside and often contains mucous glands?

mucous

Stratified epithelium consists of

multiple layers of cells

Nail cells are produced by the __________.

nail matrix

Which type of tissue contains cells called neurons?

nervous tissue

Cells that break down bone are called __________.

osteoclasts

The length of hair is determined by the

rate of hair growth

The portion of the hair below the surface of the skin is the __________.

root

The amount of body area involved with a burn is determined by the

rule of nines

The epidermal layer that is present in the nail bed and the nail matrix is the __________.

stratum basale

The layer of the epidermis in which there is the greatest amount of mitotic activity is the __________.

stratum basale

The epidermal stratum that is composed of several layers of living cells held together by desmosomes is the __________.

stratum spinosum

Connective tissue is separated into subgroups based on the

structure of the extracellular matrix.

In the intestine, __________ ensure(s) that most digested nutrients pass through the epithelial cells and not between them.

tight junctions

A collection of specialized cells and extra-cellular substances around them is known as a/an __________.

tissue

In the inflammatory response, clotting proteins form a clot. This action

walls off foreign particles and microbes.