BIO 208 Ch. 8

What enzyme is used to synthesize ATP? -ATP hydrolase -ATP kinase -ATP phosphorylase -None of the choices are correct

None of the choices are correct

The electron transport chain in bacteria is located

in the cell membrane

The protons are generated during oxidation reactions.

true

The last carrier protein in the electron transport chain transfers

two electrons to oxygen

Select all of the phrases below that represent the structure and function of enzymes

-Composed of protein -Increase the rate of chemical reactions -Are used up in chemical reactions -High concentrations are necessary for activity -Activity is affected by temperature and pH -Become incorporated into the reaction product -Have active sites with which substrates interact

Select each of the statements that describe the Krebs cycle

-Most of the ATP generated during aerobic respiration of glucose is generated during the Krebs cycle -There are ten steps, each catalyzed by a different enzyme

What is the total ATP yield per glucose in organisms that carry out fermentation?

2

Select all of the products of glycolysis to test your understanding of this process

2 NADPH; Citric acid; CO2

How much ATP is generated in the electron transport system?

30

What two main types of by-products are produced in fermentation?

Alcohol; acids

Which of the following correctly represents the mechanism of enzyme function, where S is "substrate" and E is "enzyme" and P is "product"?

E + S -> E-S -> E-P -> E + P

Only yeast are able to carry out fermentation for catabolism.

False

Select the electron carriers used by cells

Glucose; ATP

Select the statement that accurately reflects fermentation

It results in the incomplete oxidation of glucose

In other microbes, the process of respiration continues when pyruvate is utilized in a set of reactions called the _____.

Krebs cycle

Which of the following best describes the reduction of the coenzyme NAD?

NAD+ + H -> NADH

What is oxidized at the beginning of the electron transport system?

NADH and FADH2

NADH serves as an electron carrier that can donate its hydrogen to other molecules.

True

Whenever a molecule is oxidized, another molecule must be reduced

True

The electron carrier proteins in the electron transport chain shuttle electrons to

a terminal acceptor

38 ATP/molecule of glucose

aerobic respiration

The electron transport chain is part of ___.

aerobic respiration

Although both aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration utilize glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and an electron transport system, ______ respiration uses O2 as the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport system, whereas ______ respiration uses an inorganic molecule other than O2 as the final electron acceptor.

aerobic; anaerobic

Cell that conduct ______ respiration utilize free oxygen as a final electron acceptor in this process, while those that conduct _______ respiration use oxygen-containing ions to create ATP molecules

aerobic; anaerobic

2-36 ATP/molecule of glucose

anaerobic respiration

The NADH involved in the electron transport chain is made

by redox reactions in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle

What is a by-products of the Krebs cycle?

carbon dioxide

The Krebs cycle produces a small amount of ATP, but also generates the reduced _____ NADH and FADH2.

carriers

Synthesis of ATP via a proton gradient is called ______.

chemiosmosis

Where does the Krebs cycle take place in bacteria?

cytoplasm

Glycolysis occurs in the _____ and overall generates ___ ATP.

cytoplasm; 2

Where do NADH and FADH2 go after being produced in the Krebs cycle?

electron transport chain

These molecules then bring _____ generated by glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to the ________ embedded in the bacterial cell _____.

electrons; electron transport system; membrane

In bacteria and eukaryotes, the Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondria.

false

The Krebs cycle is part of fermentation, as well as cellular respiration.

false

The membrane is permeable to protons

false

2 ATP/molecule

fermentation

During glycolysis, ___ is oxidized and ____ is reduced.

glucose; NAD+

The processes of aerobic and anaerobic respiration, as well as fermentation, all begin with ____.

glycolysis

In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located

in the plasma membrane

Glycolysis starts with ____ and ends with ____.

one glucose; two pyruvate molecules

Cells obtain energy by ________ food molecules such as glucose.

oxidizing

During aerobic respiration, the last carrier protein transfers a pair of electrons to ______.

oxygen

What is reduced at the end of the electron transport system?

oxygen

The main purpose of cellular respiration is to ____.

produce energy

In this reaction, ATP synthase uses energy from ____ to make ATP.

protons re-entering the cell

What serves as an electron acceptor in fermentation?

pyruvate or other organic molecule

The two molecules of _____ produced in glycolysis can be turned into acids and other products through _____.

pyruvate; fermentation

What is the main purpose for fermentation reactions?

regenerate NAD molecules for glycolysis

During the electron transport chain in bacteria, protons are

shuttled to the outside of the cell membrane

Which of the following binds to the active site of an enzyme?

substrate

How is anaerobic respiration different from aerobic respiration?

the final electron acceptor

Coenzyme Q

transfers protons from inside the membrane to outside the membrane

Electrons enter the electron transport chain when NADH transfers them there along with protons in the form of hydrogen.

true

The function of the enzyme ATP synthase is to

utilize the energy of the proton motive force to convert ADP to ATP.