Bio 211 Ch. 24 Urinary System
Which of the following surrounds the glomerulus?
Bowmans capsule
What is the correct sequence of organs for the formation and elimination of urine?
Kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra
Which is not a function of the kidneys?
Regulation of lymphocyte production
Autoregulation of filtration pressure is achieved through the vasoconstriction and vasodilation of which the following blood vessels?
afferent arteriole
Which of the following supplies the glomerulus with blood?
afferent arteriole
Micturition -is another name for urination -is a relfex triggered by stretch receptors in the urinary bladder -requires the opening of two sphincters -requires contraction of the muscularis layer of the urinary bladder
all of the choices are correct
Which of the following does NOT normally pass through the filtration membrane?
blood cells and plasma proteins
Glomerular hydrostatic pressure is the pressure of
blood in the glomerular capillaires
The muscularis layer of the urinary bladder is commonly called the _________ muscle.
detrusor
ANP is a hormone that causes
dilation of the afferent arterioles and inhibition of renin release
The endothelium of the glomerulus is made up of ________ capillaries.
fenestrated
Which of the following drives substances from the glomerular capillaries into Bowmans capsule?
filtration pressure
The thick tangle of capillary loops found within a corpuscle is known as the
glomerulus
The main parts of the juxtaglomerular apparatus are the
granular cells and macula densa
The concave medial border of the kidney is called the _________.
hilum
The hormone ANP is released from the heart and causes the urinary system to
increase urine volume and decrease blood volume
Dehydration results in
increased ADH secretion and increased water reabsorption
The myogenic response that occurs within afferent arterioles of the kidney is an ________ control of GFR.
intrinsic
What is the value of transitional epithelium in the urinary system?
it allows distension
The nephron loop makes a hairpin turn within the _______ and its _______ limb ends at the distal convoluted tubule.
medulla; ascending
The first structure in the kidney to collect newly formed urine is the
minor calyx
Urine passes from the renal papilla into a
minor calyx, then to a major calyx, then to the renal pelvis.
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
nephron
In response to low blood __________, the kidneys secrete __________.
oxygen; erythropoietin
Which of the following surrounds the distal and proximal convoluted tubules?
peritubular capillaries
Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?
production of lymph
Most tubular reabsorption occurs inn the
proximal convoluted tubule, where cells have many microvilli
Within the urinary system, the storage reflex involves
relaxation of the detrusor muscle and contraction of the internal urethral sphincter
Which is the correct sequence of arteries that a drop of blood would flow through as it entered the kidney and moved toward a glomerulus?
renal artery-segmental artery-interlobar artery- arcuate artery- interlobular artery
Which of the following is the correct flow of filtrate through the nephron?
renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule
The renal corpuscle is located within the
renal cortex
What is the cone-shaped structure that is found in the renal medulla?
renal pyramid
Granular cells synthesize and release the enzyme
renin
Macula densa cells monitor the concentration of
sodium chloride in the fluid within the distal convoluted tubule
The renal threshold of a substance refers to
the plasma concentration of the substance below which is does not appear in the urine.
Which of the following tissues lines the urinary bladder?
transitional epithelium
The largest possible amount of a substance that can be reabsorbed or secreted across a kidney tubule wall in a given duration of time is known as the
transport maximum
The active transport of solutes out of the blood and into the tubular fluid is called
tubular secretion
The active transport solutes out of the blood and into the tubular fluid is called
tubular secretion
Increased levels of ADH causes which of the following to occur?
water resorption increases and urine formation decreases
