BIO 231--Chap8-9-10-Quizes & LQ4 SCAPULA/OS-COXAE

How many spines are located on the ischium. (lower part of hip bone)

0

The broad, flattened part of the clavicle that articulates the scapula is called the.

Acromial end--The lateral end of the clavicle called acromial extremity is broad and flat and articulate with acromion process of scapula to form acromioclavicular joint.

Name the most superior and lateral process on the scapula.

Acromion

What are the principal proteins of muscle contraction?

Actin and myosin

Synovial joints (diarthroses)

Also known as diarthrosis, joins bones or cartilage with a fibrous joint capsule that is continuous with the periosteum of the joined bones, constitutes the outer boundary of a synovial cavity, and surrounds the bones' articulating surfaces. The synovial cavity/joint is filled with synovial fluid. Diarthroses (freely movable)

The ligament that helps to maintain the alignment of the condyles between the femur and tibia and to limit the anterior movement of the tibia on the femur is the:

Anterior cruciate ligament. (ACL) Anterior cruciate binds the tibia's anterior intercondyle and the lateral condyle of the femur(thigh bone), thus preventing the tibia(shinbone) from sliding too far forward (hyperextending) during knee extension. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the key ligaments that help stabilize your knee joint.

When stimulated by a muscle impulse, what do the terminal cisternae release into the sarcoplasm?

As the stimulation of the muscle continues, the terminal cisternae continue to release calcium ions. At the same time, however, some of the calcium ions are being removed from the sarcoplasm by another portion of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the longitudinal tubules.

The largest tarsal bone is the, which forms the heel, is the:

Calcaneus

The surface features at the distal end of the humerus that accommodate processes of the ulna when flexing and extending the elbow are the:

Coronoid fossa and Olecranon fossa

Lateral Meniscus

Cushions and stabilizes the Lateral condyle of the femur. Articular disk of cartilage; protects the ends of the bones from rubbing on each other, provide shock absorption.

Medial Meniscus

Cushions and stabilizes the Medial condyle of the femur. Cartilage in the knee between the femoral condyle and the medial tibial plateau. C shaped.

How many bones are fused together to compose an os coxae.

Each os coxa is a result of the fusion of three bones: the ilium, ischium, and pubis.

The layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the entire skeletal muscle is the

Epymisium pg 245

A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole laterally is called:

Eversion

All of the following characterize a synovial joint except:

Except: Typically permits little or no movement -fluid-filled cavity separates articulating bones -enclosed by a fibrous joint capsule -articulating surfaces covered by articular cartilage

T/F The acetabulum is located on the medial side of the os coxae.

FALSE, IT'S ON LATERAL SIDE.

How many spines are located on the ilium?

FOUR

The sacrum and the coccyx of the axial skeleton and the os coxae of the appendicular skeleton make up a composite structure known as the:

Pelvis

Supination is to lateral rotation as ____________ is to medial rotation.

Pronation

Bursae are fibrous, saclike structures that are lined by a synovial membrane and contain:

Synovial fluid.

A muscle impulse travels deep into the muscle fiber along

T-Tubules

Which of these joints permits dorsiflexion and plantar flexion?

Talocrural Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion are movements at the ankle joint (aka: talocrural), which is a hinge joint. Lifting front of foot, so the top of the foot moves upward to anterior leg is dorsiflexion, while lifting heel of the foot from the ground, pointing the toes downward is plantar flexion. Functionally, it is a hinge type joint, permitting dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the foot.

Acetylcholine (ACh)

a neurotransmitter involved in learning, memory and muscle movement. A nerve impulse arrives at the neuromuscular junction, which causes a release of a chemical called Acetylcholine. The presence of Acetylcholine causes the depolarisation of the motor endplate which travels throughout the muscle by the transverse tubules, causing Calcium (Ca+) to be released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Where does the head of the femur articulate with an os coxae?

acetabulum

The scapula is part of the ______________________ skeleton and forms the ________________ girdle.

appendicular, pectoral

The three structural classes of articulations are

fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints

Name the depression that articulates with the head of the humerus.

glenoid cavity

Which of the following sets includes only surface features of the scapula?

glenoid cavity, coracoid process, acromion

What bony structure is located between the greater and lesser sciatic notches?

ischial spine (pelvic girdle/hip bone)

The margin of the scapula that is inferior to the glenoid fossa is the

lateral border

Which of the following correctly matches a ligament of the knee joint with one of its stabilizing functions?

lateral collateral ligament prevents hyperadduction of the leg

The bony feature on the lateral side of the ankle is the

lateral malleolus of fibula

What is the most anterior bone of an os coxa?

pubis

Name the bony structure attached to the acromion process.

spine

Name the depression on the anterior side of the scapula.

subscapular fossa

The spine (Spine of scapila is on posterior side) of the scapula separates which two fossae?

supraspinous, infraspinous

Os Coxae

the hipbone; formed by the fused union of the ilium, ischium, and pubis.

When a muscle fiber contracts, what slides toward the center of each sarcomere?

the thin filaments of actin

The talocrural (ankle) joint is a highly modified hinge joint including articulations between which bones?

tibia, fibula, and talus The ankle joint (or talocrural joint) is a synovial joint located in the lower limb. It is formed by the bones of the leg (tibia and fibula) and the foot (talus).

How many fossae does the scapula have?

4

Which part of a sarcomere contains entire thick filaments and lateral end regions overlapping thin filaments?

A band

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

A ligament in the knee that attaches to the posterior aspect of the tibial plateau, restricting posterior movement of the tibia on the femur. Binds the tibia's intercondyle and the medial condyle of the femur, thus preventing the tibia from sliding too far backward (hyperflexing) during knee flexion.

The greater and lesser sciatic notches are separated by the:

Ischial spine

All of the following are functions of skeletal muscle tissue except

NO cooling of the body. Produces heat body movement maintenance of posture storage and movement of materials

The word root anulus most nearly means

Ring

The structural and functional unit of contraction is the:

Sarcomere (contractile unit of a muscle fiber)

What actually shortens when a muscle fiber contracts?

Sarcomeres, H zones and I bands shorten. Z bands are pulled closer together. A bands stay the same because the length of thick/thin filaments also don't change.

The pectoral girdle articulates with the axial skeleton only at the:

Sternal end of the clavicle

What are the three functional classes of joints?

Synarthroses, Amphiarthroses, Diarthroses

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)

The medial collateral ligament's main function is to prevent the leg from extending too far inward, but it also helps keep the knee stable and allows it to rotate. Injuries to the medial collateral ligament most often happen when the knee is hit directly on its outer side.

The distal end of the humerus has a pulley-shaped medial articulating surface called the:

Trochlea