BIO 2870 Final Exam Test Banks

The skin is also called the ____ membrane A) serous B) mucous C) synovial D) cutaneous E) peritoneal 5-1

D) cutaneous

The enzyme acetylcholinesterase causes acetylcholine to A) break down. B) synthesize. C) bond to actin. D) be secreted. E) form cross-bridges. 7-4

A) break down

Functions of the skin include A) regulating body temperature. B) synthesizing antibodies. C) producing adipose tissue. D) synthesizing digestive enzymes. E) release of large amounts of hormones. 5-1

A) regulating body temperature

The stiffness that occurs at death, when actin and myosin molecules stay linked to each other in a contracted state, is due to a lack of A) cAMP. B) DNA. C) RNA. D) ATP. E) tRNA. 7-4

D) ATP

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the human pituitary during fetal development in very young children and in pregnant women, but is not usually found in adults? A) MSH B) TSH C) ACTH D) LH E) PRL 10-3

A) MSH

The presence of ________ strongly indicates that the long bone is still growing. A) an epiphyseal plate B) an articular cartilage C) an epiphyseal line D) an epiphysis E) trabeculae 6-3

A) an epiphyseal plate

Interneurons A) are found only in the central nervous system. B) carry only sensory impulses. C) carry only motor impulses. D) only connect motor neurons to other motor neurons. E) are found between neurons and their effectors. 8-2

A) are found only in the central nervous system

The glial cells responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier are the A) astrocytes. B) Schwann cells. C) microglia. D) ependymal cells. E) satellite cells. 8-2

A) astrocytes

The largest and most numerous of the glial cells in the central nervous system are the A) astrocytes. B) Schwann cells. C) oligodendrocytes. D) microglia. E) ependymal cells. 8-2

A) astrocytes

The ________ contains vesicles filled with acetylcholine. A) axon terminal B) motor end plate C) neuromuscular junction D) synaptic cleft E) transverse tubule 7-4

A) axon terminal

Which of the following is characteristic of cardiac muscle? A) Cardiac muscle cells are striated. B) Cardiac muscle cells achieve tetany with every contraction. C) Cardiac muscle fibers are multinucleated. D) Cardiac muscle fibers are faster than skeletal muscles. E) Neurons that innervate cardiac muscle tissue are under voluntary control. 7-8

A) cardiac muscle cells are striated

Opening of voltage-gated sodium channels in the membrane of a neuron results in A) depolarization. B) repolarization. C) hyperpolarization. D) increased negative charge inside the membrane. E) myelination. 8-3

A) depolarization

Epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels in the A) dermis. B) epidermis. C) hypodermis. D) epidermis and dermis. E) subcutaneous layer. 5-1

A) dermis

The presence of an epiphyseal line indicates A) epiphyseal growth has ended. B) epiphyseal growth is just beginning. C) growth in bone diameter is just beginning. D) the bone is fractured at that location. E) The presence of an epiphyseal line does not indicate any particular event. 6-3

A) epiphyseal growth has ended.

Lipid is concentrated with the cells of the A) hypodermis. B) dermis. C) cornified region. D) stratum granulosum. E) stratum spinosum. 5-5

A) hypodermis

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) FSH. D) LH. E) MSH. 10-3

B) ACTH

Two hormones referred to as gonadotropins are A) GH and TSH. B) FSH and LH. C) ADH and ACTH. D) PRL and OT. E) ADH and OT. 10-3

B) FSH and LH

The neurilemma of axons in the peripheral nervous system is the outer layer of A) astrocytes. B) Schwann cells. C) oligodendrocytes. D) microglia. E) ependymal cells. 8-2

B) Schwann cells

The all-or-none principle states that A) all stimuli will produce identical action potentials. B) all stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce identical action potentials. C) the greater the magnitude of the stimuli, the greater the intensity of the action potential. D) only sensory stimuli can activate action potentials. E) only motor stimuli can activate action potentials. 8-3

B) all stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce identical action potentials

The subcutaneous layer consists of A) epithelial and adipose tissues. B) areolar and adipose tissues. C) dense connective and loose connective tissues. D) epithelium and loose connective tissues. E) skeletal muscles and adipose tissue. 5-5

B) areolar and adipose tissues

Thin skin is defined by the thickness of the A) dermis. B) epidermis. C) hypodermis. D) subcutaneous layer. E) integument as a whole. 5-1

B) epidermis

Which of the following is the function of the combination of epidermal ridges and dermal papillae? A) increase storage of nutrients in the digestive tract B) increase surface area for diffusion between the dermis and epidermis C) increase sensory reception D) increase secretion of milk in specialized integumentary glands E) increase large reserves of lipids in adipose tissue 5-1

B) increase surface area for diffusion between the dermis and epidermis

The hormone oxytocin A) reduces uterine contractions. B) is involved in the milk "letdown" reflex. C) regulates blood pressure. D) governs the ovarian cycle. E) stimulates melanocytes in the skin. 10-3

B) is involved in the milk "letdown" reflex

Thick skin can be found on the A) back. B) palms. C) legs. D) arms. E) chest. 5-1

B) palms

As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface, A) they divide. B) they die. C) their nutrient supply increases. D) they enter the dermis. E) they produce daughter cells. 5-1

B) they die.

Rickets is a condition marked by a softening and bending of bones that occurs in growing children, as a result of ________ deficiency. A) vitamin A B) vitamin D3 C) growth hormone D) vitamin C E) thyroid hormone 6-3

B) vitamin D3

The resting potential of a neuron is A) 0 mV. B) +10 mV. C) -70 mV. D) -10 mV. E) +70 mV. 8-3

C) -70 mV

Target cells of hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones are located in the A) thymus gland. B) suprarenal gland. C) anterior pituitary. D) posterior pituitary. E) testes. 10-3

C) anterior pituitary

Neurons that have one axon and one dendrite with the cell body between them are called A) polypolar. B) unipolar. C) bipolar. D) tripolar. E) multipolar. 8-2

C) bipolar

Branches that sometimes occur along the length of an axon are called A) action potentials. B) synaptic knobs. C) collaterals. D) hillocks. E) synapse. 8-2

C) collaterals

The dermis is composed largely of A) adipose. B) fluid connective. C) dense irregular connective. D) muscle. E) neural. 5-4

C) dense irregular connective tissue

This layer is composed of a high concentration of collagen fibers. A) stratum corneum B) stratum granulosum C) dermis D) hypodermis E) cornified region 5-4

C) dermis

Which neuroglial cells produce CSF in some regions of the brain? A) microglia B) Schwann cells C) ependymal cells D) oligodendrocytes E) astrocytes 8-2

C) ependymal cells

The loose connective tissue that separates the integument from deeper tissues and organs is called the A) dermis. B) epidermis. C) hypodermis. D) integument. E) papillary layer. 5-5

C) hypodermis

Where are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary made? A) thyroid B) anterior pituitary C) hypothalamus D) posterior pituitary E) suprarenal gland 10-3

C) hypothalamus

Saltatory conduction A) occurs only if the myelin sheath is continuous. B) occurs only if nodes of Ranvier are lacking. C) is faster than conduction on an unmyelinated axon. D) produces a stronger action potential. E) occurs at the synapse. 8-3

C) is faster than conduction of an unmyelinated axon

During continuous conduction, A) action potentials move in all directions along an axon. B) action potentials occur at successive nodes along the length of the stimulated axon. C) local currents depolarize adjacent areas of membrane so that action potentials continue along the membrane. D) the action potential starts at the beginning of the neuronal pathway and continues form neuron to neuron. E) local potentials produce a continuous outward flow of potassium ions. 8-3

C) local currents depolarize adjacent areas of membrane so that action potentials continue along the membrane

Nerve fibers in the dermis most likely function in A) defending of local tissues after infection. B) providing nutrients and oxygen to the skin. C) monitoring sensory receptors in the dermis. D) repairing tissue after injury. E) removing carbon dioxide and waste products. 5-4

C) monitoring sensory receptors in the dermis

Which membrane type lines cavities that communicate with the exterior and have moist surfaces? A) cutaneous membranes B) serous membranes C) mucous membranes D) synovial membranes E) fibrocartilaginous membranes 4-5

C) mucous membranes

The deepest layer of cells in the epidermis is the cells of the A) stratum corneum. B) stratum lucidum. C) stratum basale. D) stratum granulosum. E) stratum spinosum. 5-1

C) stratum basale

The pituitary hormone that promotes testosterone release in males and ovulation in females is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) FSH. D) LH. E) GH. 10-3

D) LH

Clusters of rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes are known as A) neurofilaments. B) neurofibrils. C) synapses. D) Nissl bodies. E) microglia. 8-2

D) Nissl bodies

Small phagocytic glial cells, which are derived from white blood cells, are called A) astrocytes. B) Schwann cells. C) oligodendrocytes. D) microglia. E) ependymal cells. 8-2

D) microglia

Most neurons in the brain are A) bipolar. B) unipolar. C) anaxonic. D) multipolar. E) tripolar. 8-2

D) multipolar

Drugs suspended in ________ or ________ can be carried across the plasma membranes of the epidermal cells. A) water; blood B) water; lipids C) oils; alcohol D) oils; lipid-soluble solvents E) sebum; water 5-1

D) oils; lipid-soluble solvents

During the process of ________, an existing tissue is replaced with bone. A) blood cell production B) calcification C) resorption D) ossification E) osteolysis 6-3

D) ossification

The posterior pituitary gland stores A) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). B) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). C) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). D) oxytocin (OT). E) melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). 10-3

D) oxytocin (OT)

The epidermal layer whose cells have stopped dividing and started to produce large amounts of keratin is the A) stratum corneum. B) stratum lucidum. C) stratum basale. D) stratum granulosum. E) stratum spinosum. 5-1

D) stratum granulosum

Membranes that consist primarily of areolar tissue and an incomplete layer of epithelial tissue are called ________ membranes. A) serous B) mucous C) cutaneous D) synovial E) peritoneal 4-5

D) synovial

Choose the correct order of the cell layers, or strata, in a section of thick skin, from the basement membrane toward the free surface (deep to superficial). 1. stratum lucidum 2. stratum basale 3. stratum corneum 4. stratum granulosum 5. stratum spinosum 5-1

E) 2, 5, 4, 1, 3

Place these steps of muscle contraction in the correct order. 1. Action potential is generated along the sarcolemma 2. Nerve impulse arrives at synapse 3. Calcium is released into muscle cell cytoplasm 4. Acetylcholine is produced 5. Actin and myosin molecules continuously cross-link, with actin molecules being pulled inward 7-4

2, 4, 1, 3, 5

Identify the correct sequence of steps in the generation of an action potential. 1. Activation of sodium channels and rapid depolarization 2. Inactivation of sodium channels and activation of potassium channels 3. Depolarization to threshold 4. Closing of potassium channels 8-3

3, 1, 2, 4

The following are major steps in the process of endochondral ossification: 1. Bone forms at the diaphysis surface. 2. Secondary ossification centers form in the epiphyses. 3. Chondrocytes enlarge and calcify. 4. Osteoclasts create a marrow cavity. 5. Blood vessels invade the inner cartilage and new osteoblasts form spongy bone at a primary ossification center. The correct order for these events is 6-3

3, 1, 5, 4, 2

Which statement regarding growth hormone (GH) is true? A) GH stimulates the breakdown of stored fats and the release of fatty acids into the blood. B) Liver cells respond to GH by releasing prostaglandins. C) Skeletal muscle cells and chondrocytes are extremely insensitive to GH. D) GH production is regulated by releasing and inhibiting hormones from the thyroid. E) In epithelial tissues, GH inhibits stem cell division. 10-3

A) GH stimulates the breakdown of stored fats and the release of fatty acids into the blood

The skin is sometimes referred to as the A) cutaneous membrane. B) mucous membrane. C) serous membrane. D) synovial membrane. E) peritoneal membrane. 4-5

A) cutaneous membrane

Formed elements that are nucleated and capable of amoeboid movement are A) leukocytes. B) chondrocytes. C) thrombocytes. D) erythrocytes. E) melanocytes. 11-5

A) leukocytes

Which of the following are the most active type of leukocytes, phagocytically, and are usually the first to arrive at an injury site? A) neutrophils B) eosinophils C) basophils D) lymphocytes E) erythrocytes 11-5

A) neutrophils

The effect of prolactin closely interacts with the hormone A) oxytocin. B) renin. C) ADH. D) melatonin. E) calcitonin. 10-3

A) oxytocin

The reticular layer's collagen fibers directly provide which function? A) prevent damage to the tissue B) nourish the epidermis C) provide flexibility D) provide sensory information E) increase surface area of the dermis 5-4

A) prevent damage to the tissue

The layer of the epidermis at the exposed surface is the A) stratum corneum. B) stratum lucidum. C) stratum basale. D) stratum granulosum. E) stratum spinosum. 5-1

A) stratum corneum

The heart has to be able to regulate its contractions. Heart muscle, unlike skeletal muscle, cannot go into a tetanus. This is because A) the heart muscle has to be able to consistently contract and pump blood in a controlled fashion. B) heart muscle is not resistant to fatigue. C) heart muscle contracts faster than skeletal muscle. D) heart muscle cannot use glycogen. E) the heart uses aerobic metabolism. 7-8

A) the heart muscle has to be able to consistently contract and pump blood in a controlled fashion

A difference between mucous membranes and serous membranes is A) whether the cavity is open to the exterior or not. B) the amount of blood vessels lining the cavity wall. C) whether the tissue is epithelial or connective. D) the density of collagen fibers in the cavity wall. E) whether the membrane is thick or thin. 4-5

A) whether the cavity is open to the exterior or not

Which statement is true regarding action potential propagation? A) In salutatory conduction, the myelin is composed of fat, which insulates the axon membrane against sodium ion flow across the membrane. B) Continuous propagation results in one graded potential producing multiple action potentials. C) The action potential will die out along the axon if another graded potential does not occur. D) All voltage-gated channels along the axon open at the same time, allowing sodium to flow in simultaneously. E) The active transport of sodium and potassium through sodium-potassium ion pumps causes depolarization of the axon membrane. 8-3

A)In salutatory conduction, the myelin is composed of fat, which insulates the axon membrane against sodium ion flow across the membrane.

Type AB blood contains A) A agglutinins on the red blood cells. B) agglutinogen A and agglutinogen B. C) B agglutinogens on the red blood cells. D) B agglutinins in the plasma. E) agglutinin A and B. 11-4

B) agglutinogen A and agglutinogen B

This condition develops when the posterior pituitary no longer releases adequate amounts of ADH. A) diabetes mellitus B) diabetes insipidus C) pituitary dwarfism D) exophthalmos E) gigantism 10-3

B) diabetes insipidus

Which of the following primarily targets the gonads (ovaries and testes)? A) growth hormone B) follicle-stimulating hormone C) prolactin D) insulin E) thyroxine 10-3

B) follicle-stimulating hormone

Changes in the membrane potential that cannot spread far from the site of stimulation are called A) threshold. B) graded potentials. C) refractories. D) hyperpolarizations. E) action potentials. 8-3

B) graded potentials

A stimulus that opens gated potassium ion channels, moving the membrane voltage value below the resting potential value, results in which of the following? A) repolarization B) hyperpolarization C) depolarization D) refraction E) summation 8-3

B) hyperpolarization

Hypothalamic signals reach the anterior pituitary through the A) infundibulum. B) hypophyseal portal system. C) hypothalamic axons. D) hypophysis. E) thymus. 10-3

B) hypophyseal portal system

Hormones from the ________, which travel in the hypophyseal portal vessels, alter the activity of the anterior pituitary. A) brain stem B) hypothalamus C) cerebellum D) thyroid E) thalamus 10-3

B) hypothalamus

The hypodermis A) provides mechanical strength to the skin. B) is quite elastic. C) has no blood vessels. D) is composed of strata with various functions. E) contains a variety of sensory receptors. 5-5

B) is quite elastic

The protein that contributes to many of the skin's protective qualities is called A) melanin. B) keratin. C) carotene. D) dermicidin. E) calcitriol. 5-1

B) keratin

The specialized sarcolemma that contains acetylcholine receptors is the A) synaptic knob. B) motor end plate. C) motor unit. D) synaptic cleft. E) I band. 7-4

B) motor end plate

Neurotransmitters that cause skeletal muscle contraction are normally stored in A) myofibrils. B) motor neuron axon terminals. C) motor units. D) motor end plates. E) actin. 7-4

B) motor neuron axon terminals

The most abundant type of WBC in a normal blood sample is the A) basophil. B) neutrophil. C) lymphocyte. D) eosinophil. E) monocyte. 11-5

B) neutrophil

The serous membrane that covers the exposed surfaces of enclosed organs such as the liver and stomach is called the A) pleura. B) peritoneum. C) pericardium. D) perichondrium. E) periosteum. 4-5

B) peritoneum

The ________ layer of the dermis contains bundles of collagen fibers and elastin, and is responsible for the mechanical strength and flexibility of the skin. A) germinative B) reticular C) subcutaneous D) papillary E) corneal 5-4

B) reticular

As a skeletal muscle contraction is initiated, acetylcholine binding alters the motor end plate membrane's permeability to A) acetylcholinesterase. B) sodium ions. C) calcium ions. D) chloride ions. E) potassium ions. 7-4

B) sodium ions

Most neurons lack centrioles. This observation explains A) why neurons grow such long axons B) why such neurons cannot divide through mitosis C) the conducting ability of neurons D) the ability of neurons to communicate with each other E) the longevity of neurons 8-2

B) why such neurons cannot divide through mitosis

A normal WBC count is about ________ cells per microliter. A) 1,500-4,000 B) 1,800-7,300 C) 5,000-10,000 D) 150,000-500,000 E) 4.4 million-6 million. 11-5

C) 5000-10000

The least numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the A) neutrophils. B) eosinophils. C) basophils. D) lymphocytes. E) monocytes. 11-5

C) basophils

Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the cutaneous membrane? A) epidermis, hypodermis, dermis B) dermis, epidermis, hypodermis C) epidermis, dermis, hypodermis D) hypodermis, dermis, epidermis E) dermis, hypodermis, dermis 5-1

C) epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

Diabetes insipidus can be caused by A) decreased levels of insulin. B) decreased numbers of insulin receptors. C) failure of the kidneys to respond to ADH. D) increased numbers of ADH receptors. E) increased levels of ADH. 10-3

C) failure of the kidneys to respond to ADH

Which of the following occurs in intramembranous ossification? A) Hyaline cartilage model forms. B) Periosteum forms a collar around the cartilage. C) Fibrous connective tissue is converted to bone tissue, which first resembles spongy bone. D) As the bone enlarges, osteoclasts break down some of the spongy bone and create a marrow cavity. E) Ossification centers are formed as blood vessels and osteoblasts enter the centers of the epiphyses. 6-3

C) fibrous connective tissue is converted to bone tissue, which first resembles spongy bone

The myelin sheaths that surround the axons of some of the neurons in the CNS are formed by A) astrocytes. B) Schwann cells. C) oligodendrocytes. D) microglia. E) ependymal cells. 8-2

C) oligodendrocytes

Excessive urine production, which is a characteristic symptom of all forms of diabetes, is known as A) polyphagia. B) polydipsia. C) polyuria. D) polymyositis. E) diabetes mellitus. 10-3

C) polyuria

Why are injections administered in the hypodermis when administering drugs using a hypodermic needle? A) There is an abundance of capillaries in the hypodermis. B) The hypodermis is highly innervated. C) Since it is vascularized, the hypodermis can absorb a lot of fluid. D) Both elastic fibers and collagen fibers are present. E) The presence of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels help local tissues defend and repair themselves. 5-5

C) since it is vascularized, the hypodermis can absorb a lot of fluid

Nonstriated, involuntary muscle is A) cardiac. B) red skeletal. C) smooth. D) white skeletal. E) intermediate skeletal. 7-8

C) smooth

Which of the following is one of the steps that ends a contraction? A) Sarcoplasmic reticulum absorbs sodium ions. B) Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the sarcolemma. C) Calcium ions bind to troponin. D) Acetylcholine is broken down by acetylcholinesterase. E) An action potential spreads across the entire surface of the muscle fiber. 7-4

D) acetylcholine is broken down by acetylcholinesterase

Which of the following is released by the posterior pituitary? A) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) B) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) C) growth hormone (GH) D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) E) melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) 10-3

D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

An increase in the diameter of growing bone is termed ________ growth. A) epiphyseal B) endochondral C) intramembranous D) appositional E) ossification 6-3

D) appositional

Neutrophils A) are agranulocytes. B) are not phagocytic. C) have multiple nuclei. D) are active in fighting bacterial infection. E) are responsible for specific defenses. 11-5

D) are active in fighting bacterial infection

Agglutinins A) are surface antigens on RBCs. B) prevent blood clotting. C) are substances that can trigger a protective defense mechanism called an immune response. D) are antibodies that will attack surface antigens on RBCs of a different blood type. E) contain abundant stained "granules." 11-4

D) are antibodies that will attack surface antigens on RBCs of a different blood type

What is the composition of the papillary layer of the dermis? A) dense, regular connective tissue B) stratified squamous epithelium C) reticular connective tissue D) areolar connective tissue E) dense, irregular connective tissue 5-4

D) areolar connective tissue

In response to action potentials arriving from the transverse tubules, the sarcoplasmic reticulum releases A) acetylcholine. B) sodium ions. C) potassium ions. D) calcium ions. E) acetylcholinesterase. 7-4

D) calcium ions

The branching structures that, together with the cell body, are sensitive to chemical, mechanical, or electrical stimulation are called A) axons. B) Nissl bodies. C) synapses. D) dendrites. E) neurofibrils. 8-2

D) dendrites

________ is the characteristic of WBCs that allow them to enter surrounding tissue by squeezing between adjacent epithelial cells in the capillary wall. A) Hemotaxis B) Positive chemotaxis C) Hemolysis D) Diapedesis E) Amoeboid movement 11-5

D) diapedesis

When foreign cells invade the body, one would most likely expect to see increased numbers of A) erythrocytes. B) eosinophils. C) basophils. D) lymphocytes. E) thrombocytes. 11-5

D) lymphocytes

A person's blood type is determined by the A) size and shape of red blood cells. B) number of antibodies in the plasma. C) chemical character of hemoglobin. D) presence or absence of specific surface antigens on the plasma membrane. E) type of oxygen- and carbon dioxide-binding sites on the hemoglobin molecules. 11-4

D) presence or absence of specific surface antigens on the plasma membrane

Agglutinogens of the various blood types are examples of A) surface antibodies B) channel proteins C) leukocytes D) surface antigens E) agranulocytes 11-4

D) surface antigens

Which statement is true about the pituitary? A) The anterior pituitary controls the posterior pituitary. B) The alternate name for the pituitary is the infundibulum. C) The hypothalamus communicates with the anterior pituitary only. D) The pituitary hormones all work by activating G proteins and triggering cAMP within cells. E) The pituitary glands, both anterior and posterior, control every other endocrine gland. 10-3

D) the pituitary hormones all work by activating G proteins and triggering cAMP within cells

Bundles of CNS axons that share a common origin, destination, and function are called A) the cortex. B) centers. C) nuclei. D) tracts. E) ganglia. 8-2

D) tracts

Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A serum and anti-Rh serum, but not with the anti-B serum. This means A) Bill could receive type B blood in a transfusion. B) Bill could donate blood to an individual with type AB blood. C) Bill is Rh-negative. D) Bill's plasma would cross-react with type O negative red blood cells. E) Bill's plasma contains anti-B antibodies. 11-4

E) Bill's plasma contains anti-B antibodies

The pituitary hormone that stimulates the breakdown of stored fats and the release of fatty acids into the bloods is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) MSH. D) LH. E) GH. 10-3

E) GH

Upon the nerve impulse arriving at the axon terminal, A) active sites on actin are exposed. B) active sites on myosin are exposed. C) actin heads will bind to myosin. D) muscle relaxation occurs. E) acetylcholine is released. 7-4

E) acetylcholine is released

Smooth muscle cells A) have to be innervated by motor neurons. B) are larger than cardiac muscle cells. C) are multinucleate. D) contain intercalated discs. E) are spindle-shaped. 7-8

E) are spindle-shaped

The blood supply to the skin arises from a network of blood vessels called the ________ plexus in the hypodermis, at its border with the reticular layer of the dermis. A) cervical B) mesenteric C) brachial D) celiac E) cutaneous 5-4

E) cutaneous

Which of the following consists of stratified squamous epithelial tissue, areolar tissue, and dense irregular connective tissue? A) mucous membrane B) synovial membrane C) serous membrane D) glandular membrane E) cutaneous membrane 4-5

E) cutaneous membrane

Projections of loose connective tissue from the dermis, which extend upward between the adjacent ridges of the epidermis, are called A) epidermal ridges. B) strata. C) reticular layers. D) accessory structures. E) dermal papillae. 5-1

E) dermal papillae

The highly vascular layer of the skin, which provides thermoregulation via changing blood flow, is the A) epidermis. B) subcutaneous layer. C) stratum basale. D) stratum corneum. E) dermis. 5-4

E) dermis

The primary function of white blood cells is to A) remove carbon dioxide from active cells. B) clump together and stick to the blood vessel walls. C) carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells. D) carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body's cells. E) help defend the body against pathogens. 11-5

E) help defend the body against pathogens

Through which cellular interactions are the cells of the stratum basale firmly attached to the plasma membrane? A) gap junctions B) CAMs C) tight junctions D) connexons E) hemidesmosomes 5-1

E) hemidesmosomes

A sample of tissue from an injury shows a large number of eosinophils. This would indicate that the tissue was A) abscessed. B) inflamed. C) being rejected. D) infected by viruses. E) infected by parasites. 11-5

E) infected by parasites

What is the primary function of any serous membrane? A) It covers the outer surface of the body. B) It lines joint cavities and produces fluid within a joint. C) It lines cavities that communicate with the exterior, including the digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary tracts. D) It attaches muscles to the skeleton. E) It minimizes friction between the opposing surfaces when an organ moves or changes shape. 4-5

E) it minimizes friction between the opposing surfaces when an organ moves or changes shape

Which of the following is formed via intramembranous ossification? A) tibia B) humerus C) carpal bones D) femur E) mandible 6-3

E) mandible

Which of the following is an agranulocyte? A) erythrocyte B) basophil C) neutrophil D) eosinophil E) monocyte 11-5

E) monocyte

The white blood cells that are important in leaving the blood vessels and phagocytizing large materials, releasing chemicals that draw fibroblasts to the injured areas, are A) neutrophils. B) eosinophils. C) basophils. D) lymphocytes. E) monocytes. 11-5

E) monocytes

________ are large phagocytic WBCs that remain in circulation for only about 24 hours before entering peripheral tissues to become tissue macrophages. A) Neutrophils B) Eosinophils C) Basophils D) Lymphocytes E) Monocytes 11-5

E) monocytes

Neurons that have two or more dendrites and a single axon extending away from the cell body are called A) polypolar. B) unipolar. C) bipolar. D) tripolar. E) multipolar. 8-2

E) multipolar

After death, rigor mortis lasts until A) ATP is produced. B) T-tubules recapture calcium ions. C) sodium ions are released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. D) sarcomeres lengthen. E) myofilaments are broken down. 7-4

E) myofilaments are broken down

Pus associated with infected wounds contains which type of white blood cell? A) basophils B) lymphocytes C) eosinophils D) monocytes E) neutrophils 11-5

E) neutrophils

Acetylcholinesterase is found within the A) nucleus. B) sarcolemma. C) myofibril. D) sarcomere. E) synaptic cleft. 7-4

E) synaptic cleft

Smooth muscle A) does not use calcium. B) is not resistant to fatigue. C) contracts faster than skeletal muscle. D) does not undergo tetanus. E) uses primarily aerobic metabolism. 7-8

E) uses primarily aerobic metabolism

Another name for antidiuretic hormone is A) cortisol. B) parathyroid hormone. C) thymosin. D) growth hormone. E) vasopressin. 10-3

E) vasopressin