BIO 357 Chapter 2

on acidic scale 0-6 colored RED on scale is

ACIDIC

absence of which of the following nitrogen- containing bases would prevent protein synthesis a) adenine b) cytosine c) guanine d) thymine e) uracil

ALL of them

What is the name of the high energy compound the body uses to do work? ATP ADP GTP None of these answers is correct.

ATP

pH scale is based on the number of H ions in a solution Acidic has more _____ Bases "alkaline" has more _____

Acidic has more _H____ Bases "alkaline" has more _OH____

Which of the following body processes utilize(s) biochemicals? movement thinking digestion All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

If the DNA molecule resembles a twisted ladder, which chemical units form the sides of the ladder? a) Pairs of nitrogenous bases b) Alternating deoxyribose sugar and phosphate groups c) Alternating ribose sugar and phosphate groups d) Polypeptide chains e) Amino acids and phosphates

Alternating deoxyribose sugar and phosphate groups

Glycogen → glucose is an example of which pattern of chemical reaction? Dehydration reaction Synthesis reaction Hydrolysis reaction Decomposition reaction Exchange reaction

Decomposition reaction

The nucleus of an atom is the location of which kinds of subatomic particles? Electrons and protons Neutrons and protons Electrons and molecules Protons only Electrons and neutrons

Neutrons and protons

What bonds are formed when electrons are shared equally? Hydrogen bonds Ionic bonds Iron bonds Polar covalent bonds Nonpolar covalent bonds

Nonpolar covalent bonds

_______ changes do not alter the basic nature of a substance. Chemical Kinetic Potential Physical

Physical

how can you indicate that a chemical reactions is reversible

a reversible reaction is shown by double reaction arrows

Which of the following is NOT true about matter? a) Liquids have neither a definite shape nor a definite volume. b)Gases have neither a definite shape nor a definite volume. c)Solids have a definite shape and volume. d)Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass (weight). e) Matter exists in solid, liquid, and gaseous states

a) Liquids have neither a definite shape nor a definite volume.

Which of the following is NOT true about proteins? a) Proteins account for about 10 percent of the organic matter in the body. b)Globular proteins that play crucial roles in virtually all biological processes are also called functional proteins. c)The building blocks of proteins are amino acids. d)Amino acid chains containing fewer than 50 amino acids are called polypeptides. e)Fibrous proteins are also called structural proteins and appear most often in body structures.

a) Proteins account for about 10 percent of the organic matter in the body.

Solution A has a pH of 4. Solution B has a pH of 13. Identify the correct statement. a) Solution A is more acidic than solution B (Solution A has more hydrogen ions). b) Solution A is more basic than solution B (Solution A has more hydrogen ions). c) Solution A is more basic than solution B (Solution B has more hydrogen ions). d) Solution A is more acidic than solution B (Solution B has more hydrogen ions).

a) Solution A is more acidic than solution B (Solution A has more hydrogen ions).

The function of ATP is to _______. a) provide a form of chemical energy that is usable by all body cells b)allow cells to use energy directly from simple sugars c)act as a hormone d)code for mRNA e)form DNA

a) provide a form of chemical energy that is usable by all body cells

what lipid type is stored in fat deposits beneath the skin a) triglyceride b) steroid c) vitamin D d) phospholipid e) prostaglandin

a) triglyceride

which is a proton donator? acid or base

acid

salts are electrolytes. what does that mean?

all chemical reactions in the body take place in a water environment

Proteins are made up of many _______. fatty acid molecules nucleotide molecules triglyceride molecules monosaccharide molecules amino acid molecules

amino acid molecules

-NH2 and -COOH are base for what structure

amino acids

how is an atom related to an element

an atom is the smallest particle of an element that still retains the elements properties

glucose is to starch as ? a) a steroid is to a lipid b) a nucleotide is to a nucleic acid c) an amino acid is to a protein d) a polypeptide is to an amino acid

b) a nucleotide is to a nucleic acid c) an amino acid is to a protein

The four most abundant elements in all life forms on Earth are _______. a) oxygen, calcium, hydrogen, and nitrogen b) oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen c) oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nickel d) oxygen, carbon, helium, and nitrogen

b) oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

Nucleotides, the building blocks of nucleic acids, are made up of _______. a) a nitrogen-containing base and a phosphate group only b)a nitrogen-containing base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group c)a nitrogen-containing base, any simple sugar, and a phosphate group d)a calcium-containing base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group e)a nitrogen-containing base, a pentose sugar, and a sulphate group

b)a nitrogen-containing base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group

Energy that is in motion is _______. a)potential energy b)referred to as kinetic energy c)found in a muscle at rest d)energy found in a rock poised at the top of a hill e)the energy stored in the bonds of chemical substances

b)referred to as kinetic energy

on acidic scale 8-14 colored BLUE on scale is

base "alkaline"

Chemicals in the body that help control the body's pH are called _______. bases buffers acids solids

buffers

ATP Is not associated with a)a basic nucleotide structure b) high-energy phosphate bonds c) deoxyribose d)inorganic phosphate e) reversible reactions

c) deoxyribose

All of the following are true about the importance of water, an inorganic compound, in the body EXCEPT _______. a) to digest foods or break down biological molecules, water molecules are added to the bonds of the larger molecules b) water is an important reactant in some types of chemical reactions c)water is an excellent solvent because it is nonpolar d)water absorbs and releases large amounts of heat before its temperature changes appreciably e)water serves a protective function in the body

c)water is an excellent solvent because it is nonpolar

what is the primary structure of proteins

chain of amino acids

bond that occurs when electrons are shared is a _______ bond. static covalent polar ionic

covalent

bond that share electrons

covalent

Which of the following is NOT true of carbohydrates? a) Glucose in an example of a carbohydrate. b) Disaccharides are a type of carbohydrate. c) An example of a polysaccharide found in plants is starch. d) A glucose molecule is a polysaccharide stored by the liver. e) Carbohydrates are the primary energy molecules for most living things.

d) A glucose molecule is a polysaccharide stored by the liver.

The four elements that make up about 96% of body matter are _______. a) hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, and carbon b) hydrogen, oxygen, calcium, and nitrogen c) hydrogen, helium, carbon, and calcium d) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen e) calcium, potassium, sodium, oxygen

d) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

is the formation of glycogen from glucose an example of hydrolysis or dehydration synthesis

dehydration synthesis

Which of the following statements regarding isotopes is TRUE? a) Isotopes have the same number of protons and neutrons, but vary in the number of electrons they contain. b) Isotopes of an element have the same atomic number, but have different atomic masses. c)The chemical properties of ALL of an element's isotopes are EXACTLY the same. d)The atomic weight of any element is approximately equal to the mass number of its most abundant isotope. e)The second, third, and fourth answers are correct. f)All of the statements are true regarding isotopes.

e)The second, third, and fourth answers are correct

Which of the following accurately describes enzymes? a)They react best at extremely high temperatures. b) They are lipoproteins. c)They are major energy sources for the cell. d)They are consumed during chemical reactions. e)They are organic catalysts

e)They are organic catalysts

what form of energy is used to transmit messages from on part of the body to another

electrical energy

The term "_______" refers to a unique substance that cannot be decomposed or broken down into simpler substances. molecule element compound atomic symbol periodic table

element

Substances that cannot be broken down into smaller compounds are _______. compounds elements macromolecules molecules

elements

what does it mean when we say that some energy is "lost" every time energy changes from one form to another in the body?

every time energy changes from one form to another, some head is given off to the environment and is unusable

of fibrous and globular proteins, which is more important for building body structure

fibrous proteins

what kind of bond forms between water molecules

hydrogen bond

the element essential for normal thyroid function is a) iodine b) iron c) copper d) selenium e) zinc

iodine

electron is completely transferred to another element

ionic bond

If neutral atoms become positive ions, they _______. gain neutrons gain protons lose protons lose electrons gain electrons

lose electrons

matter and energy- how are they interrelated

matter is the substance of living and nonliving objects. energy is the mover of the substance- the ability to do work.

When you ride a bike, the body converts chemical energy to _______ energy to move the limbs necessary to turn the pedals. chemical mechanical electrical radiant

mechanical

The only electrons that are important when considering bonding behavior are those in the _______ shell. This shell is called the _______ shell. outermost; valence middle; binding innermost; valence next to last; valence outermost; binding

outermost; valence

which type of lipid is abundant in cellular membranes

phospholipids are the most abundant lipids in cellular membranes

Protons carry a _______ charge and electrons carry a _______ charge. positive, neutral positive, negative negative, positive negative, neutral

positive, negative

what type of energy is available when we are still? what type of energy when we are exercising?

potential energy and kinetic energy

Antibodies, enzymes, and some hormones are all examples of which class of macromolecules? lipids carbohydrates proteins nucleic acids

proteins

The atomic number identifies the element and refers to the number of _______. neutrons and protons in the nucleus protons atoms neutrons molecules

protons

what name is given to an unstable atom that has either more or fewer neutrons than its typical number

radioisotopes

what property of water prevents rapid changes in body temperature

the high heat capacity of water prevents rapid changes in body temperature

what are the building blocks of carb and lipids

the structural units of carbs are monosaccharaides. those of lipids are glycerol and fatty acids