bio 7 & 8
What type of RNA carries the information that specifies a protein?
messenger RNA
The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes condense and centrosomes move to opposite poles of the cell is
prophase.
The correct sequence for the phases of mitosis is
prophase—metaphase—anaphase—telophase.
How many codons are in the mRNA sequence GGAAUGAAACAGGAACCC?
6
Initiation, elongation, and termination are the three main steps in
transcription and translation.
What process converts the mRNA "message" into a sequence of amino acids?
translation
If the DNA in a cell consists of 20% adenine, it will also have ________ thymine.
20%
If the DNA in a cell consists of 20% adenine, then it will also contain ________ guanine.
30%
Mutations may be caused by
All answers are correct Errors in prokaryotic replication. Exposure to radiation. Exposure to chemicals. Errors in eukaryotic replication.
RNA differs from DNA in many ways, including
All answers are correct. -DNA contains deoxyribose and RNA contains ribose -DNA contains thymine and RNA contains uracil instead of thymine -DNA is double stranded and RNA is single stranded -RNA can catalyze some chemical reactions and DNA cannot.
If you were watching a cell undergoing a doubling of the DNA in its nucleus, you would be observing
replication.
The enzyme that adds nucleotides to form new strands of DNA is
DNA polymerase.
Why would it take more energy to separate DNA with the sequence GCGCGCGC and its complementary strand than the sequence ATATATAT and its complementary strand?
G and C base pairs form more hydrogen bonds between DNA strands.
Using the genetic code, what are the amino acids encoded by the sequence AUGUCAACGUGA?
Met, Ser, Thr, (Stop)
Only one of the two strands of DNA is transcribed because
RNA polymerase binds to the promoter, initiating transcription on only one strand of DNA.
The DNA sequence ATGCATGC will pair with which of the following DNA strands?
TACGTACG
The DNA sequence ATGCATGC will pair with which of the following RNA strands?
UACGUACG
A change in a cell's DNA sequence is ______________
a mutation
In DNA molecules,
adenine pairs with thymine.
The phase of mitosis in which the centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell is
anaphase.
A part of a chromosome that attaches sister chromatids to each other defines the term
centromere.
One of two identical attached copies of a replicated chromosome is called a
chromatid.
A discrete package of DNA and associated proteins in eukaryotes is a
chromosome
DNA's sugar-phosphate backbones are joined with
covalent bonds
The splitting of a cell into two daughter cells in the eukaryotic cell cycle is
cytokinesis.
The "central dogma" of molecular biology described by Watson and Crick describes
the directional flow of genetic information in cells.
When DNA replicates
the original DNA is not affected and a new double-stranded DNA is made from two new strands of DNA.
In the lac operon, the protein that binds to the operator to prevent transcription is___________ (think carefully)
the repressor.
All of the following refer to mitosis, except
formation of gametes.
Sister chromatids are
genetically identical and attached to each other at the centromere.
The enzyme that unwinds DNA is
helicase
The two main stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle are
interphase and mitosis.
The correct sequence for the phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle is
interphase—prophase—metaphase—anaphase—telophase—cytokinesis.
In eukaryotic cells, sequences of mRNA removed before translation are called __________________
introns.
The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes are aligned along the equator of the cell is
metaphase.
The component of the cytoskeleton that attaches to the chromosomes to separate them during anaphase is the
mitotic spindle.
The double helix of DNA is composed of building blocks called
nucleotides.
A group of genes, a promoter, and an operator that control transcription are called a(n)
operon
Apoptosis is also called
programmed cell death
A DNA sequence that signals the start of a gene is
promoter