Bio Ch. 10 (unit 3)

Which growth factor stimulates the formation of capillary networks? A)Epidermal growthfactorB)Granulocyte andmacrophage colony-stimulating factorC)Platelet-derivedgrowth factorD)Tumor angiogenesisfactor

)Tumor angiogenesis factor

Which hormones help regulate blood pressure and volume? A) ADH and ANH B) Aldosterone andleptin C) ADH and PTH D) All apply.

ADH and ANH

Which of the following is NOT true about the hormone ADH (antidiuretic hormone)? A)ADH is produced by the hypothalamus.B)ADH causes water to be reabsorbed into kidney capillaries.C)ADH is released from the anterior pituitary gland.D)ADH causes vasoconstriction to increase blood pressure.

ADH is released from the anterior pituitary gland.

An increase in growth hormone after growing years will cause A)gigantism.B)pituitary dwarfism.C)acromegaly.D)diabetes insipidus.

Acromegaly

How does PTH stimulate absorption of calcium from the intestines? A)IncreasesperistalsisB)Activates calcitriolC)ActivatesosteoclastsD)Stimulatesintestinal enzymes

Activates calcitriol

What condition occurs due to hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones? A)Cushing syndromeB)Diabetes insipidusC)Addison's diseaseD)Hashimoto's disease

Addison's disease

What are the main target tissues for glucagon? A)Pancreas and liver B)Skeletal muscle and liver C)Liver andkidneys D)Adipose tissue and liver

Adipose tissue and liver

The production and release of hormones is controlled by A)other hormones.B)the nervous system.C)other chemical substances.D)All apply.

All apply

Cortisone A)reduces inflammation, pain, and swelling.B)may be used to treat arthritis.C)may suppress the immune system.D)All apply.

All apply.

The action(s) of aldosterone is (are)to A)promote renal reabsorption of water.B)promote renal excretion of potassium.C)promote renal reabsorption of sodium.D)All apply.

All apply.

Which of the following is NOT an example of antagonistic hormones? A)Aldosterone,atrial natriuretic hormoneB)Calcitonin,parathyroid hormoneC)Androgens,estrogensD)Insulin,glucagon

Androgens, estrogens

Which molecule directly stimulates the release of aldosterone? A)Angiotensin IB)Angiotensin IIC)AngiotensinogenD)Sodium chlorideE)Renin

Angiotensin II

The adenohypophysis is another name for the A)anterior pituitary gland.B)hypothalamus.C)posterior pituitary gland.D)None apply.

Anterior pituitary gland

Which endocrine gland produces the largest number of different hormones? A)PosteriorpituitaryB)AnteriorpituitaryC)Thyroid glandD)Adrenal medulla

Anteriorpituitary

What hormone is antagonistic to aldosterone? A)CortisolB)Atrialnatriuretic hormoneC)ACTHD)Epinephrine

Atrialnatriuretic hormone

Which of the following is NOT a result of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system? A)Blood pressure increases due to constriction of arterioles.B)Blood pressure increases due to reabsorption of sodium and therefore water into the blood.C)Blood pressure decreases due to dilation of arterioles.D)Blood volume increases due to the effect of ADH.

Blood pressure decreases due to dilation of arterioles.

A deficiency of ADH will result in A)diabetes insipidus.B)diabetes mellitus.C)large urine volume and increased thirst.D)Both diabetes insipidus and large urine volume and increased thirst are correct.

Both diabetes insipidus and large urine volume and increased thirst are correct.

ACTH A)is produced by the anterior pituitary gland.B)stimulates the adrenal cortex.C)stimulates the adrenal medulla.D)Both is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the adrenal cortex are correct.

Both is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the adrenal cortex are correct.

Calcitonin A)raises blood calcium.B)lowers blood calcium.C)deposits excess calcium into bones.D)Both lowers blood calcium and deposits excess calcium into bones are correct.

Both lowers blood calcium and deposits excess calcium into bones are correct.

Which of the following is NOT a result of Cushing syndrome? A)Bronzing of theskinB)Fat deposited inthe trunkC)Moon-shapedfaceD)Hypertension

Bronzing of the skin

Which of the following are portions of the adrenal glands? A)Anterior and posterior divisionsB)Lateral and medial segmentsC)Cortex andmedullaD)Dorsal and ventral lobes

Cortex andmedulla

Which hormones regulate blood calcium balance? A)Calcitrol andcalcitoninB)Cortisol andPTHC)PTH andcalcitoninD)Cortisol andthyroxine

Cortisol and thyroxine

What condition occurs due to hypersecretion of adrenal cortex hormones? A)Cushing syndromeB)Diabetes insipidusC)Addison's diseaseD)Hashimoto's disease

Cushing syndrome

What is the stimulus for the release of glucagon? A)Decreasing bloodglucose levelsB)Decreasing bloodsodium levelsC)Increasing bloodglucose levelsD)Increasing bloodcalcium levels

Decreasing blood glucose levels

Which type of gland is ductless and secretes chemical messengers that are carried in the blood? A)EndocrineB)Exocrine

Endocrine

Which of the following functions to regulate a short-term response to stress? A)EpinephrineB)GlucocorticoidsC)MineralocorticoidsD)All apply.

Epinephrine

Which of the following are gonadotropic hormones? A)ACTH and FSHB)FSH and LHC)LH and TSHD)ACTH and TSH

FSH and LH

A lack of testosterone causes baldness. ⊚ true ⊚ false

False

All hormones are synthesized and released by endocrine glands. ⊚true⊚false

False

An autoimmune disease of the thyroid is myxedema. ⊚ true ⊚ false

False

Individuals with congenital hypothyroidism tend to be short and stocky. ⊚true⊚false

False

Low levels of potassium in the blood trigger the secretion of aldosterone. ⊚true⊚false

False

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) tends to occur in active juveniles. ⊚true⊚false

False

Research indicates that body weight is irrelevant to thedevelopment of Type II diabetes. ⊚true⊚false

False

The adrenal medulla is under parasympathetic nervous system control. ⊚true⊚false

False

The incidence of diabetes insipidus increases as we age. ⊚true⊚false

False

Which of the following is NOT true of growth hormone (GH)? A)GH stimulates protein synthesis in bone, cartilage, and muscle.B)GH increases the rate of amino acid uptake by cells.C)GH is also known as vasopressin.D)GH promotes fat metabolism as opposed to glucose metabolism.

GH is also known as vasopressin.

What hormone is NOT involved in regulating fuel metabolism? A)GhrelinB)CortisolC)GlucagonD)Insulin

Ghrelin

Which of the following is a type of peptide hormone? A)AmineB)EicosanoidC)SteroidD)Glycoprotein

Glycoprotein

Exophthalmic goiter is a characteristic of A)congenital hypothyroidism.B)myxedema.C)Graves' disease.D)acromegaly

Graves' disease

Hyperthyroidism in adults caused by oversecretion of thyroxine is known as A)simple goiter.B)Graves' disease.C)myxedema.D)acromegaly.

Graves' disease.

Which of the following is NOT a result of the secretion of estrogens and progesterone? A)Growth of theuterus and breastsB)Growth of thevocal cordsC)Widening of thehipsD)Uterine cycle

Growth of the vocal cords

Which of the following provides an accurate example of negative feedback regulation? A)High blood glucose inhibits secretion of glucagon.B)Low blood glucose inhibits secretion of glucagon.C)Low blood glucose stimulates secretion of insulin.D)Low insulin levels inhibit insulin receptor formation.

High blood glucose inhibits secretion of glucagon

Chemical signals that travel through the body and affect the behavior of glands and tissues are called A)serous secretions.B)mucus.C)hormones.D)synovial fluid.

Hormones

A decrease in blood Na+ levels stimulates the release of the hormone aldosterone from the adrenal cortex. This is an example of _______ control. A)nervousB)hormonalC)tropicD)humoral

Humoral

When ions or nutrient molecules in the blood stimulate the release of a hormone, it is called _______ control. A)hormonalB)nervousC)humoralD)molecular

Humoral

With what portion of the brain is the pituitary associated? A)CerebrumB)CerebellumC)ThalamusD)Hypothalamus

Hypothalamus

Which of the following is NOT an effect of parathyroid hormone? A)Release of calciumfrom bonesB)Increasedreabsorption of calcium by the kidneysC)Increased bloodphosphate levelsD)Activation ofvitamin D for increased intestinal absorption of calcium

Increased bloodphosphate levels

What is the stimulus for the release of insulin? A)Decreasing bloodglucose levelsB)Decreasing bloodsodium levelsC)Increasing bloodglucose levelsD)Increasing bloodcalcium levels

Increasing blood glucose levels

Which promotes the storage of glucose as glycogen? A)GlucagonB)InsulinC)Glucagon andinsulin

Insulin

What element is needed for thyroxine production? A)CalciumB)IodineC)SodiumD)Potassium

Iodine

Which of the following is NOT true of a steroid hormone? A)It diffuses into the cell and binds to its receptor protein.B)The hormone-receptor complex binds to DNA.C)It activates a second messenger to cause cellular changes.D)Intracellular enzymes, made from the DNA, direct cellular changes.

It activates a second messenger to cause cellular changes.

Which of the following is NOT true of a peptide hormone? A)It diffuses into the cell to cause cellular changes.B)It binds to a receptor on the plasma membrane.C)It activates a second messenger inside the cell that causes cellular changes.D)Cyclic AMP is a common second messenger.

It diffuses into the cell to cause cellular changes.

What is the function of thyroxine? A)It increases the metabolic rate.B)It stimulates the kidney to reabsorb water.C)It raises blood sugar.D)It stimulates protein synthesis.

It increases the metabolic rate.

Which of the following is NOT true about the pancreas? A)It contains exocrine tissue that produces digestive enzymes.B)It contains endocrine tissue that produces hormones.C)Its exocrine tissue consists of the pancreatic islets.D)Its hormones help maintain glucose homeostasis.

Its exocrine tissue consists of the pancreatic islets.

Which of the following is NOT a long-term complication of diabetes mellitus? A)BlindnessB)Kidney and heartdiseaseC)AtherosclerosisD)Loss ofhearing

Loss of hearing

Which portion of the adrenal gland is most closely associated with the sympathetic nervous system? A)MedullaB)CortexC)Anterior lobe

Medulla

What are the target cells of the hormone thyroxine? A)Pancreas and adrenal gland cellsB)Brain neurons and endocrine cellsC)Bone and muscle cellsD)Most body cells

Most body cells

Which of the following is NOT a target organ of parathyroid hormone? A)MuscleB)BoneC)IntestinesD)Kidneys

Muscle

Most hormones are under some form of __________ to maintain their levels within normal limits. A)negative feedback controlB)positive feedback controlC)central nervous system dysregulationD)digestive mechanism

Negative feedback control

When a stressor is perceived and the "fight-or-flight" system triggers the adrenal gland to secrete epinephrine, this is an example of A)humoral control.B)nervous system control.C)parathyroid control.D)steroid hormone control.

Nervous system control

Another name for the posterior pituitary gland is the A)adenohypophysis.B)hypothalamus.C)neurohypophysis.D)midbrain.

Neurohypophysis

What type of cells produce oxytocin and ADH? A)GlandularcellsB)NeuronsC)NeurosecretorycellsD)Neurohypophysiscells

Neurosecretorycells

Which of the following is NOT true concerning oxytocin? A)Oxytocin increases uterine contractions during childbirth.B)Oxytocin produces milk let-down during nursing.C)Oxytocin is a steroid hormone.D)Oxytocin release in childbirth is controlled by positive feedback.

Oxytocin is a steroid hormone.

Which endocrine glands are located in the abdominal cavity? A)Pancreas andthyroid glandB)Pineal gland andparathyroid glandsC)Adrenal glands and posterior pituitaryD)Pancreas andadrenal glands

Pancrease andadrenal glands

Which of the following is a new and developing treatment option for type I diabetes mellitus? A)Pancreatic islet transplantation B)Skin patches C)Gel-coatedpills D)All apply.

Pancreatic islet transplantation

What type of chemical signals occur between individuals of the same species? A)ProstaglandinsB)GrowthfactorsC)PheromonesD)Pyrogens

Pheromones

Which of the following symptoms of diabetes mellitus is NOT correctly matched with its term? A)Polydipsia -extreme hungerB)Polyuria -excessive urinationC)Ketonuria -ketones in the urineD)Glycosuria -glucose in the urine

Polydipsia -extreme hunger

What hormone causes mammary gland development and production of milk? A)OxytocinB)GonadotropinsC)ProlactinD)ADH

Prolactin

Which of the following is NOT a short-term stress response? A)Heartbeat andblood pressure increaseB)Blood glucoselevels increaseC)Blood flow to muscle increasesD)Reduction ofinflammation

Reduction of inflammation

What chemical is secreted by the kidneys when blood sodium is low and (or)blood pressure is low? A)ReninB)AngiotensinC)ACTHD)Aldosterone

Renin

Which body system is least affected by actions of the endocrine system? A)DigestivesystemB)CardiovascularsystemC)RespiratorysystemD)Urinarysystem

Respiratory system

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of Addison's disease? A)Retention ofsodium and water leading to high blood pressureB)Excessive, butineffective ACTHC)Bronzing of theskinD)Loss of sodiumand water leading to low blood pressure

Retention ofsodium and water leading to high blood pressure

Which of the following is NOT true of androgens? A)Causes growth ofbody and pubic hairB)Stimulates oil andsweat glandsC)Some androgens are produced by the adrenal medullaD)Enlarges the vocalcords to lower the voice

Some androgens are produced by the adrenal medulla

Clinically, which class of hormone is more likely to be administered orally since it will pass through biological membranes without being digested in the gut? A)Peptide hormonesB)Steroid hormones

Steroid hormones

Thyroxine is also known as A)thymosin.B)thyrotropin.C)T3.D)T4.

T 4.

Which form of thyroid hormone is more effective in influencing target cells? A)T3 B)T4

T3

Which hormone is needed for thyroxine production? A)ACTHB)GHC)ADHD)TSH

TSH

Which of the following is NOT true of glucocorticoids? A)They promotethe metabolism of fatty acids instead of carbohydrates.B)They promotekidney absorption of sodium.C)They promotes the breakdown of muscle proteins to amino acids.D)They can lead to an increase in blood glucose levels.

They promote kidney absorption of sodium.

Which endocrine gland is NOT found in the cranial cavity? A)Thymus glandB)Pineal glandC)PituitaryglandD)Hypothalamus

Thymus gland

Which endocrine gland is found in the thoracic cavity, superior to the heart? A)Thyroid glandB)Adrenal glandC)Thymus glandD)Pancreaticislets

Thymus gland

Abnormal heart rhythms can be caused by too much or too little calcium in the blood. ⊚true⊚false

True

Declining immune response in the elderly may be a result of thymus gland shrinkage. ⊚true⊚false

True

Glucagon and cortisol both promote glucose sparing. ⊚true⊚false

True

Glucagon is produced by pancreatic alpha cells. ⊚true⊚false

True

Higher levels of estrogen in women causes a greater accumulation of subcutaneous fat than in men. ⊚true⊚false

True

Individuals with Type II diabetes have normal or elevated levels of insulin in their blood. ⊚true⊚false

True

Individuals with congenital hypothyroidism tend to be short and stocky. ⊚true⊚false

True

The adrenal gland produces sex steroids known as gonadocorticoids. ⊚ true ⊚ false

True

The hormones secreted by the thymus are called thymosins. ⊚true⊚false

True

The hypothalamus controls hormonal secretions of the pituitary gland. ⊚true⊚false

True

Type I diabetes is also known as insulin-dependent diabetes. ⊚ true ⊚ false

True

Which of the following growth factors is NOT important in wound healing? A)Tumorangiogenesis factorB)Epidermal growthfactorC)Nerve growthfactorD)Platelet-derivedgrowth factor

Tumorangiogenesis factor

What hormones are the ultimate controllers of fuel metabolism? A)Insulin andglucagonB)Thyroxine andtriiodothyronineC)Epinephrine andcortisolD)Somatostatin andinsulin

What hormones are the ultimate controllers of fuel metabolism? Thyroxine and triiodothyronine

Leptin is produced by A)adipose tissue.B)the pineal gland.C)the thymus gland.D)the liver.

adipose tissue.

The pituitary hormone ACTH will stimulate the ____ to produce its hormones. A)thyroid glandB)adrenal cortexC)adrenal medullaD)gonadsE)anterior thymus

adrenal cortex

Epinephrine is produced by the A)adrenal medulla.B)adrenal cortex.C)thyroid gland.D)thymus.

adrenal medulla.

The most important mineralocorticoid is A)cortisol.B)epinephrine.C)aldosterone.D)norepinephrine.

aldosterone.

Renin has its direct effect on a molecule known as A)vasopressin.B)angiotensin II.C)angiotensinogen.D)aldosterone.

angiotensinogen.

Prostaglandins are chemicals that derive from A)acetylcholine.B)serotonin.C)tyrosine.D)cholesterol.E)arachidonate.

arachidonate.

Chemicals that signal the same cell that made them are called ______ messengers, while those that signal nearby cells are called_____ messengers. A)pheromone; prostaglandinB)autocrine; paracrineC)paracrine; endocrineD)allomone; autocrineE)endocrine; pheromone

autocrine; paracrine

The pancreatic islets produce A)insulin.B)glucagon.C)digestive enzymes.D)both insulin and glucagon.

both insulin and glucagon.

Parathyroid hormone is antagonistic to A)thyroxine.B)calcitonin.C)thyroid-stimulating hormone.D)aldosterone.

calcitonin.

Melatonin is released in response to A)increased sunlight.B)staying awakelater into the night.C)decreasedsunlight.D)going to bedearlier.

decreased sunlight

The hormone that creates a sense of hunger is A)gastrin.B)ghrelin.C)leptin.D)melatonin.

ghrelin

An increase in growth hormone during growing years will cause A)gigantism.B)pituitary dwarfism.C)acromegaly.D)diabetes insipidus.

gigantism.

Myxedema is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT A)lethargy and lowerpulse.B)hyperactivity and insomnia.C)weight gain.D)lowered body temperature.

hyperactivity and insomnia.

A not uncommon endocrine condition in the elderly is _________ which can lead to hair loss and mental sluggishness. A)hypothyroidismB)diabetes insipidusC)Parkinson's diseaseD)Graves' disease

hypothyroidism

The thymus is at its largest and most active A)in a newborn.B)in childhood.C)in late adulthood.

in childhood.

Atrial natriuretic hormone is named for its main effect which is to A)increase sodium excretion in the urine.B)decrease sodium excretion in perspiration.C)cause the binding of sodium to urea in the blood.D)increase the absorption of sodium by heart muscle cells.

increase sodium excretion in the urine.

Simple goiter A)is due to lack of iodine in the diet.B)is due to high levels of thyroxine in the blood.C)is an enlargement of the thymus gland.D)is described by all of these characteristics.

is due to lack of iodine in the diet.

Calcitonin A)is produced by the thyroid gland.B)is produced by the parathyroid gland.C)lowers the metabolic rate.D)is produced by the parathyroid gland and lowers the metabolic rate.

is produced by the thyroid gland.

Atrial natriuretic hormone A)is produced by the adrenal glands.B)is secreted when blood volume is too high.C)stimulates aldosterone secretion.D)All apply.

is secreted when blood volume is too high.

The _______ produces erythropoietin that stimulates the red bone marrow to produce more red blood cells. A)liverB)adrenal glandC)kidneyD)pancreas

kidney

Insulin results in A)most cells taking up glucose.B)fat cells breaking down fat.C)converting glycogen to glucose.D)increasing glucose levels of the blood.

most cells taking up glucose.

Hypothyroidism in adults caused by decreased production of thyroxine is known as A)simple goiter.B)Graves' disease.C)myxedema.D)exophthalmic goiter.

myxedema.

Melatonin is associated with the A)adipose tissue.B)pineal gland.C)thymus gland.D)hypothalamus.

pineal gland.

The hypothalamus communicates with the anterior pituitary gland by means of a A)portal system of blood capillaries and veins.B)group of secretory neurons.C)connection with the posterior pituitary gland.D)All apply.

portal system of blood capillaries and veins.

A group of chemicals that have local effects instead of being released into the blood are known as A)epidermal growth factors.B)prostaglandins.C)pyrogens.D)steroidhormones.

prostaglandins.

Aldosterone will cause _______ of sodium, while ANH will cause ____ of sodium. A)excretion; reabsorptionB)reabsorption; excretion

reabsorption; excretion

The hypothalamus influences the anterior pituitary by producing A)oxytocin and prolactin.B)releasing and inhibiting hormones.C)growth and stimulating hormones.D)humoral and neural stimuli.

releasing and inhibiting hormones.

Type I diabetes mellitus A)is due to lack of glucagon.B)results in sugar in the urine.C)is more common than type II diabetes.D)All apply.

results in sugar in the urine.

The male hormone(s) secreted by the testes is (are) A)steroid Y.B)progesterone.C)testosterone.D)gonadotropin.E)both testosterone and gonadotropin.

testosterone.

Hypocalcemia can result in A)muscleweakness.B)renal failure.C)depressed nervoussystem.D)tetany.

tetany.

Lymphocyte differentiation occurs in the A)adipose tissue.B)pineal gland.C)thymus gland.D)thyroid.

thymus gland.