bio ch. 13-15

If the frequency of one allele in a population is 0.7, what is the frequency of the alternate allele? 0.30 0.21 0.42 0.09

0.30

A vector is an organism that transfers a pathogen to a host. In the case of malaria, the vector(s) is(are) ______. humans, Plasmodium, and Anopheles mosquitoes Anopheles mosquitoes only humans and Anopheles mosquitoes humans only

Anopheles mosquitoes only

The prokaryotic group that tends to inhabit extreme environments belongs to the ______. Protista Archaea Monera Bacteria

Archaea

Which prokaryotic group is most closely related to eukaryotes? Protista Bacteria Bacteria and Archaea are equally closely related Archaea

Archaea

Animal life underwent its greatest diversification during the ______, which began about ______ million years ago. Permian... 290 Cambrian... 540 Carboniferous... 363 Mesozoic... 245

Cambrian... 540

______ include cells that can function either independently or as a single unit. Cellular slime molds Dinoflagellates Forams Seaweeds

Cellular slime molds

The current geological era is the ______. Cambrian Paleozoic Cenozoic Mesozoic

Cenozoic

Characid fishes only found naturally only in South America and Africa. Fossils of these fish are not found on any other continents. What is the most likely explanation of this distribution pattern? Convergent evolution is responsible for the distribution of characid fishes. Characid fishes arose prior to the separation of the African and South American continents. These fishes arose in either Africa or South America and migrated across the South Atlantic Ocean to the other continent. Characid fishes arose in the South Atlantic Ocean and migrated to Africa and South America.

Characid fishes arose prior to the separation of the African and South American continents.

What accounts for the similarity between seaweeds and plants? Plants are the ancestors of seaweeds. Convergent evolution caused their similarity. Seaweeds are aquatic plants. Seaweeds are the ancestors of plants.

Convergent evolution caused their similarity.

Dinosaurs (aside from the lineage that produced birds) were extinct by the end of the ______. Cretaceous Eocene Silurian Permian

Cretaceous

______ is the discipline of biology that focuses on classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships. Systematics Taxonomy Biogeography Epistemology

Systematics

Which of the following is an example of sexual selection? Female butterflies have a higher survival rate than male butterflies. Peahens choose to mate with peacocks that have the most beautiful tails. Bacteria evolve resistance to antibiotics. Cheetahs experienced a population bottleneck.

Peahens choose to mate with peacocks that have the most beautiful tails. Bacteria evolve

Which of the following has an organization that may be similar to an evolutionary stage between unicellularity and multicellularity? Amoeba Thiobacillus Volvox Plasmodium

Plasmodium

Why is RNA thought to have been the first genetic material? RNA is structurally simpler than DNA. RNA is capable of self-replication; DNA is not. Primitive organisms, such as some viruses, have RNA as their genetic material. RNA has been found on meteorites; DNA has not

RNA is capable of self-replication; DNA is not.

When most populations of a wide-ranging amphibian species are lost and the few remaining populations are widely separated, we expect to see that ______. artificial selection becomes a greater factor in microevolution gene flow between populations is reduced microevolution no longer occurs the founder effect becomes increasingly important

gene flow between populations is reduced

The total collection of alleles in a population at any one time make up that population's ______. polymorphic pool genotype heterozygosity gene pool

gene pool

Speciation requires ______. genetic isolation long periods of time geographic isolation periods of rapid evolutionary change

genetic isolation

The modern synthesis was a fusion of ______. genetics and evolutionary biology population ecology and genetics molecular biology and comparative anatomy the fossil record and genetics

genetics and evolutionary biology

Sympatric speciation specifically excludes ______. temporal isolation post-zygotic barriers behavioral isolation geographic isolation

geographic isolation

Which of the following are most closely related to plants? cellular slime molds green algae brown algae red algae

green algae

Research on flat-tailed horned lizards demonstrated that natural selection favored lizards that ______. buried themselves faster when startled searched for ants hidden under logs had longer horns on the rear of the skull ran faster when exposed to bright sunlight

had longer horns on the rear of the skull

The wing of a bald eagle is ______ the wing of a penguin. unrelated to analogous to homologous to convergent with

homologous to

Which of the following is likely to be the result of polygenic inheritance? human height ABO blood type freckles an extra finger

human height

The founder effect differs from a population bottleneck in that the founder effect ______. requires a small population is a type of natural selection involves the isolation of a small colony of individuals from a larger population can only occur on an oceanic island colony

involves the isolation of a small colony of individuals from a larger population

What did Darwin find in South America that suggested that the Andes mountains had been gradually lifted up over millions of years? marine snail fossils high up in the Andes mountains bird fossils at the top of mountains in Argentina dinosaur bones in the Amazon basin impressions of ocean waves at the top of a mountain

marine snail fossils high up in the Andes mountains

Which of the following prokaryotes aid digestion in cattle, deer, and other animals that obtain nutrition from cellulose? methanogens cocci halophiles dinoflagellates

methanogens

Gene flow is accomplished by ______. mutation migration sexual recombination natural selection

migration

According to the theory of endosymbiosis, which organelles evolved from small prokaryotes that established residence within other, larger prokaryotes? mitochondria and chloroplasts Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum vacuoles and lysosomes centrioles and ribosomes

mitochondria and chloroplasts

The original source of genetic variation that serves as the raw material for natural selection is ______. sexual recombination gene flow mutation random fertilization

mutation

Variation among pre-cells was due to ______. genetic drift the bottleneck effect mutation natural selection

mutation

Which one of the following can create new alleles? sexual reproduction mutation genetic drift natural selection

mutation

Chytridiomycosis is a fungal disease first identified in 1998 as a cause of massive amphibian deaths. In some severely impacted populations, a few individuals have survived, perhaps because of some natural resistance. If these resistant individuals continue to survive and prosper, new resistant populations might emerge. This would be an example of ______. sexual selection genetic drift the founder effect natural selection

natural selection

In The Origin of Species, Darwin argued that the mechanism of descent with modification was _____. artificial selection natural selection uniformitarianism inheritance of acquired characteristics

natural selection

While on the Beagle, Darwin was influenced by a book by Charles Lyell that suggested that Earth was ______ and sculpted by geologic processes that ______ today. young... continue old... continue old... no longer occur young... no longer occur

old... continue

All organisms that photosynthesize fit into which nutritional category? photoautotrophs photoheterotrophs chemoautotrophs chemoheterotrophs

photoautotrophs

During his trip on the Beagle, Darwin found that ______. fossils found on a particular continent were clearly not related to the plants and animals living on that continent today plants and animals living on a continent seemed more closely related to each other than to plants and animals living in similar regions on other continents plants and animals were similar on every continent and in every type of region plants and animals living in temperate regions were most similar to each other, regardless of the continent on which they were found

plants and animals living on a continent seemed more closely related to each other than to plants and animals living in similar regions on other continents

The first organisms to colonize land were protists and fungi plants and fungi animals bacteria

plants and fungi

The smallest biological unit that can evolve is the ______. phylum population individual species

population

Biological species consist of groups of ______. families genera domains populations

populations

In the soil, some ______ convert nitrogen to a form that can be used by plants. protists prokaryotes protozoans animals

prokaryotes

Eukaryotes that are not fungi, animals, or plants are classified in a "catch-all" category called ______. bacteria archaea seaweeds protists

protists

Flagellates, amoebas, apicomplexans, and ciliates are all what type of protist? seaweeds slime molds protozoans dinoflagellates

protozoans

A pattern of evolution in which most change in appearance takes place during a relatively short period of time fits the ______ model of speciation. punctuated gradual punctuated equilibrium gradual homeostatic

punctuated equilibrium

When two frog species, Rana pipiens and Rana sylvatica, mate, the offspring die early in embryonic development. This is an example of ______. mechanical isolation reduced hybrid viability hybrid sterility reduced hybrid fertility

reduced hybrid viability

What does evolutionary fitness measure? physical health population size relative reproductive success longevity

relative reproductive success

Natural selection ______. does not affect allelic frequencies prepares organisms for future changes in the environment results in evolutionary adaptation is a very rare phenomenon

results in evolutionary adaptation

RNAs that can act as enzymes are called ______. prokaryotes ATPs lysosomes ribozymes

ribozymes

Bacilli are ______ prokaryotes. comma-shaped spherical spiral rod-shaped

rod-shaped

The idea that life regularly arises from nonliving matter is referred to as ______. speciation spontaneous generation endosymbiosis biogenesis

spontaneous generation

Which of the following is most likely to decrease genetic variation? diversifying selection stabilizing selection directional selection mutation

stabilizing selection

Spherical bacteria that occur in clusters are ______. spirilla streptococci bacilli staphylococci

staphylococci

Plate tectonics has been responsible for instances of all of the following except mass extinction. sympatric speciation. volcanic explosions. allopatric speciation.

sympatric speciation.

The science of naming, identifying, and classifying organisms is called ______. taxonomy biogeography zoography phylogeny

taxonomy

Which of the following would be an example of paedomorphosis? two species evolving a similar appearance starfish regenerating severed limbs the ability to reproduce evolving in caterpillars rapid evolution in a small, isolated population

the ability to reproduce evolving in caterpillars

Which of the following are homologous? wings of a butterfly and wings of a sparrow the mouth of a mosquito and the beak of a hummingbird the forelimb of a dog and the hindlimb of a cat the forelimb of a dog and the forelimb of a cat

the forelimb of a dog and the forelimb of a cat

The Permian mass extinction is associated with the diversification of mammals. an asteroid impact. the formation of Pangaea. global warming.

the formation of Pangaea.

Which of the following is a population? all of the termites that have ever lived the termites infesting your house the termites infesting your house along with the microorganisms living in their guts all organisms living in your house

the termites infesting your house

In some zoos, rare crosses between a male lion and a female tiger have produced hybrid offspring called ligers. Male ligers are sterile but some female ligers are fertile. In the wild, lion and tiger ranges do not naturally overlap, making such a cross unlikely. Furthermore, the solitary behavior of tigers and the social organizations of lions create behavioral differences. Applying the biological species concept, the production of ligers reveals that ______. a new species called ligers is forming lions are probably a subspecies of tigers tigers and lions are actually the same species tigers and lions are separate species

tigers and lions are separate species

Under what abiotic conditions can monomers spontaneously form polymers? in the presence of oxygen gas when ribozymes are present to catalyze the reaction when water evaporates from a hot surface by biogenesis

when water evaporates from a hot surface

Which of the following is an example of stabilizing selection? There is an increase in the number of different breeds of dog. The birth weight at which newborn humans are most likely to survive and the average weight of newborn humans are about the same. Garter snakes with different coloration patterns behave differently when threatened. There is an increase in antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria.

The birth weight at which newborn humans are most likely to survive and the average weight of newborn humans are about the same.

Which of the following is NOT true? The first organisms to colonize land were animals. For most of biological history, life was confined to aquatic habitats. The great diversification of animals occurred during the Cambrian explosion. The evolution of multicellularity took place after the origin of the eukaryotes.

The first organisms to colonize land were animals.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Gene flow in and out of the population occurs. The population is subject to natural selection. Genetic drift is occurring. The population is not evolving.

The population is not evolving.

Which one of the following will prevent significant genetic drift? The population size is large. There is mutation. There is genetic variation. Gene flow is absent.

The population size is large.

After surviving a bottleneck, a population recovers to the point where it consists of as many individuals as it did prior to the bottleneck. Which of the following statements is most likely to apply to this population? The postbottleneck population has less of a chance of going extinct than did the prebottleneck population. The postbottleneck population exhibits less genetic variation than the prebottleneck population. The bottleneck subjected the population to stabilizing selection. The postbottleneck population exhibits more genetic variation than the prebottleneck population.

The postbottleneck population exhibits less genetic variation than the prebottleneck population.

The biological species concept cannot be applied to fossils. Which alternate approach to identifying species would be most useful for classifying fossil organisms? an approach based on molecular biology an approach based on genetic history an approach based on measurable physical traits an approach based on use of ecological resources

an approach based on measurable physical traits

Food poisoning from Salmonella occurs because of extremophile conditions. an endotoxin found in the outer membrane of Salmonella bacteria. an exotoxin secreted by the bacteria. easy transmission between people living in close contact.

an endotoxin found in the outer membrane of Salmonella bacteria.

Feathers in birds appear to have first evolved for insulation but later conveyed a new advantage in helping create light aerodynamic surfaces. This switch in function is an example of ______. punctuated equilibrium paedomorphosis convergent evolution an exaptation

an exaptation

Some fish have bony fins. If the body of water they are in dries out, these fins can be used to help the fish "walk" to another body of water. In this context, bony fins are an example of ______. punctuated evolution paedomorphosis neoteny an exaptation

an exaptation

The wing of a penguin is ______ the wing of a butterfly. homologous to structurally identical to analogous to superior to

analogous to

Molecular systematics might examine all of the following types of data except ______. anatomical features amino acid sequences DNA sequences proteins

anatomical features

Which protozoan group consists solely of parasitic forms? apicomplexans ciliates amoebas flagellates

apicomplexans

The fossil record suggests that whales once had well-developed hind flippers. are descended from one branch of marine reptiles. are not closely related to dolphins and porpoises, despite a superficial similarity. are closely related to land mammals such as pigs, hippos, and cows.

are closely related to land mammals such as pigs, hippos, and cows.

What kind of prokaryotes are these? bacilli cocci ciliates spirochetes

bacilli

The biological species concept cannot be applied to ______. animals that use asexual and sexual reproduction bacteria that only reproduce asexually complex plants that have flowers fungi that live on land

bacteria that only reproduce asexually

What type of reproductive isolating mechanism is described by a situation in which female fireflies only mate with males who emit light in a particular pattern? behavioral isolation temporal isolation mechanical isolation habitat isolation

behavioral isolation

Under the biological species concept, what criterion is used to assign populations of organisms to the same biological species? being able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring a very similar appearance relating to the environment in the same way having 99% of their genes in common

being able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Prokaryotes reproduce by means of ______. binary fission budding mitosis meiosis

binary fission

Your family is taking a long driving vacation across the midwestern and western United States. As you travel, you notice that the flowers, birds, and trees of the Midwest and the Rocky Mountains are very different. As you ponder why, you remember that such differences in the distribution of species are part of the field of ______. biogeography geology morphology paleontology

biogeography

Which of the following is a component of the fossil record? the similarity of the forelimbs of cats and bats the distribution of murid rodents in Australia and Asia molecular sequences bones of extinct whales

bones of extinct whales

Which of the following is not a requirement of natural selection? catastrophic events overproduction of offspring differential reproductive success genetic variation

catastrophic events

Genetic drift is the result of ______. natural selection chance environmental variation a large gene pool

chance

You discover a prokaryote that can make its own food in the absence of light. Nutritionally, you would classify this prokaryote as a ______. photoheterotroph chemoheterotroph chemoautotroph photoautotroph

chemoautotroph

Endosymbiosis explains the origin of the ______ of eukaryotes. endomembrane system chloroplasts and mitochondria membrane-bound organelles nuclear envelope

chloroplasts and mitochondria

An ancestral species and all its evolutionary descendants define a ______. ingroup clade outgroup genus

clade

Which of the following taxonomic levels is most inclusive? class family order genus

class

Homology is evidence of ______. biogeography common ancestry natural selection convergent evolution

common ancestry

Homology is evidence of ______. convergent evolution paedomorphosis common ancestry punctuated evolution

common ancestry

The similarity of the embryos of fish, frogs, birds, and humans is evidence of ______. genetic drift common ancestry analogy convergent evolution

common ancestry

Analogous structures are evidence of ______. divergent evolution convergent evolution common ancestry stabilizing selection

convergent evolution

A photoautotrophic unicellular organism with a shell made of silica is most likely a(n) ______. dinoflagellate foram apicomplexan diatom

diatom

You discover a unicellular organism that moves by what appear to be pseudopodia. You conclude that this organism is ______. either a type of amoeba or a type of slime mold a type of alga a type of bacterium either a type of ciliate, or a type of amoeba, or a type of flagellate, or a type of apicomplexan

either a type of amoeba or a type of slime mold

Inward folds of the plasma membrane of a prokaryotic cell produced the _____ of eukaryotic cells. nuclear envelope and DNA. endomembrane system chloroplasts mitochondria

endomembrane system

Which of the following would likely be the most difficult to kill were you to can your own food? endospores megaspores sporophylls microspores

endospores

You are examining the fossil record and notice that through time a series of fossils exhibits very little change. During the period of time you are studying, this fossil lineage can be described as exhibiting ______. punctuation genetic drift gradualism equilibrium

equilibrium

Which of the following include the two classes of poisons produced by pathogenic bacteria? chemoautotrophs and chemoheterotrophs exotoxins and endotoxins bacilli and cocci protozoans and fungi

exotoxins and endotoxins

A period of mass extinction is often followed by ______. equilibrium explosive diversification nonbranching evolution global cooling

explosive diversification

Under ideal conditions, prokaryotes are capable of reproducing at a(n) ______ rate. infinite arithmetic exponential hypergeometric

exponential

Of the following taxonomic levels, species found within the same ______ are the most closely related. phylum domain family order

family

Examine the figure below. Cladistic analysis indicates that crocodiles are more closely related to ______ than to ______. <img src="Imported_Resources/ch1314hw/f190g1_r.jpg alt= align=middle height=190 width=261/ /fontbr/font face=Palatino /font font face=Palatinosnakes... birds/font font face=Palatinobirds... alligators/font font face=Palatinobirds... lizards/font font face=Palatinolizards... birds/font

font face=Palatinobirds... lizards/font

Examine the evolutionary relationships represented in the following figure. Based upon this diagram, the two most closely related species are ______. <img src="Imported_Resources/ch1314hw/f189g1_r.jpg alt= align=middle height=253 width=326/ /fontbr/font face=Palatino /font font face=Palatinoleopards and striped skunks/font font face=Palatinoleopards and European otters/font font face=Palatinocoyotes and wolves/font font face=PalatinoEuropean otters and coyotes/font

font face=Palatinocoyotes and wolves/font

Examine the relationships between the elephants in the figure below. Which one of the following pairs is most closely related? <img src="Imported_Resources/ch1314hw/f144g1_r.jpg alt= align=middle height=309 width=450/ /fontbr/ font face=PalatinoiDeinotherium/i and iPlatybelodon/i/font font face=PalatinoiMammut/i and iStegodon/i/font font face=PalatinoiLoxodonta africana/i and iLoxodonta cyclotis/i/font font face=PalatinoiBarytherium/i and iStegodon/i/font

font face=PalatinoiLoxodonta africana/i and iLoxodonta cyclotis/i/font

Examine the evolutionary tree below. This tree tells us that the amnion is found in ______. <img src="Imported_Resources/ch1314hw/f145g1_r.jpg alt= align=middle height=343 width=480/ /fontbr/ font face=Palatinolungfishes and amphibians/font font face=Palatinomammals, lizards, and snakes only/font font face=Palatinomammals, lizards, snakes, crocodiles, and birds/font font face=Palatinoamphibians only/font

font face=Palatinomammals, lizards, snakes, crocodiles, and birds/font

The figure below shows what happens in insect populations when crops are sprayed with insecticides. This is an example of ______. <img src="Imported_Resources/ch1314hw/f147g1_r.jpg alt= align=middle height=355 width=186/ /fontbr/ font face=Palatinogenetic drift/font font face=Palatinofounder effect/font font face=Palatinogene flow/font font face=Palatinonatural selection/font

font face=Palatinonatural selection/font

The figure below shows the percent of selected DNA sequences that match between a chimpanzee and other primates. These data support the hypothesis that ______. <img src="Imported_Resources/ch1314hw/f146g1_r.jpg alt= align=middle height=313 width=276/ /fontbr/ font face=Palatinogorillas and orangutans are the most closely related/font font face=Palatinothe chimpanzee's closest surviving relative is humans/font font face=Palatinoorangutans are the primates least closely related to chimpanzees/font font face=PalatinoOld World monkeys and gibbons are the most closely related/font

font face=Palatinothe chimpanzee's closest surviving relative is humans/font

Examine the two animals in the photographs in the following figure. Use all of the clues in this figure. These two organisms belong to ______. <img src="Imported_Resources/ch1314hw/f188g1_r.jpg alt= align=middle height=248 width=435/ /fontbr/font face=Palatino /font font face=Palatinothe same genus/font font face=Palatinodifferent orders/font font face=Palatinodifferent families/font font face=Palatinothe same species/font

font face=Palatinothe same genus/font

Which of the following is the most likely explanation for a particular human population with a higher incidence of polydactyly (extra fingers/toes) than the human population as a whole? founder effect directional selection diversifying selection bottleneck effect

founder effect

In the Hardy-Weinberg formula, what does 2pq represent? frequency of the dominant allele frequency of heterozygotes frequency of the homozygous dominants frequency of the recessive allele

frequency of heterozygotes

In the Hardy-Weinberg formula, what does p2 represent? frequency of heterozygotes frequency of the recessive allele frequency of the homozygous dominants frequency of the dominant allele

frequency of the homozygous dominants

Uranium-235, with a half-life of 713,000,000 years, decays to lead-207. If a rock sample is determined to have one-quarter of the uranium-235 content it had when it formed, the age of the rock sample can be estimated to be approximately ______ years old. 178 million 713 million 28.5 billion 1.4 billion

1.4 billion

Eukaryotes arose about ______ years after the first prokaryotes. 4.0 billion 1.5 billion 3.0 million 3.5 billion

1.5

Based on fossil evidence, eukaryotes evolved about _____ years ago. 500,000 2.1 billion 3.5 billion 1.5 billion

2.1

According to this evolutionary tree, the archaea and eukaryotes last shared a common ancestor ______. 1.75 billion years ago 1.0 billion years ago 2.5 billion years ago 3.5 billion years ago

2.5 billion years ago

Large amounts of oxygen gas appeared in Earth's atmosphere about ______ years ago. 4.5 billion 2.7 billion 200 million 1.7 billion

2.7

The oldest known fossils are from about ______ years ago. 6,000 1.0 billion 3.5 billion 4.0 million

3.5 billion

Land was first colonized about ______ years ago. 2.5 billion 1.7 billion 100 million 500 million

500 million

The presence of freckles is due to a dominant allele. Four percent of the individuals in a particular population lack freckles. Use the Hardy-Weinberg formula to calculate the percentage of individuals in this population who are homozygous dominant for freckles. 32% 64% 4% 80%

64%

Which of the following describes allopatric speciation? A tetraploid plant species evolves from a diploid ancestor. Both the tetraploid and diploid species are found in the same habitat. One population breeds in the fall; another population breeds in the spring. A male horse and a female donkey mate, producing a sterile hinny. A population of squirrels is separated by the Grand Canyon. The two subpopulations evolve into two distinct species.

A population of squirrels is separated by the Grand Canyon. The two subpopulations evolve into two distinct species.

______ are responsible for toxic red tides. Red algae Plasmodial slime molds Dinoflagellates Diatoms

Dinoflagellates

Which one of the following is the only domain that contains eukaryotes? Archaea Eukarya Plantae Animalia

Eukarya

Which of the following is an example of disruptive selection? The birth weight at which newborn humans are most likely to survive and the average weight of newborn humans are about the same. There is an increase in the number of different breeds of dog. There is an increase in antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. Garter snakes with different coloration patterns behave differently when threatened.

Garter snakes with different coloration patterns behave differently when threatened.

What was the first stage of the process that led to the abiotic origin of life? abiotic synthesis of polymers origin of self-replicating molecules abiotic formation of pre-cells abiotic synthesis of monomers, such as amino acids and nucleotides

abiotic synthesis of monomers, such as amino acids and nucleotides

Which of the following statements about the voyage of the Beagle is true? It ended with the sinking of the ship off of the coast of Australia, almost four years into its journey. It turned into a tremendous opportunity for Darwin to collect fossils, plants, and animals. It lasted almost two years. Its purpose was to identify the fastest route from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.

It turned into a tremendous opportunity for Darwin to collect fossils, plants, and animals.

The first basic idea of evolutionary adaptation can be traced back to _____. Darwin Aristotle ancient Greeks about 2,500 years ago Lamarck

Lamarck

Whose experiments demonstrated that, given the conditions on the primitive Earth, biological monomers could arise spontaneously? Watson Margulis Miller and Urey Darwin

Miller and Urey

Graphically, the graduated model of speciation can be described as appearing as a ______. Y vertical line with horizontal branches W horizontal line with vertical branches

Y

Which one of the following statements is true? Organisms evolve structures that they need. Natural selection works on variation already present in a population. Natural selection works on non-heritable traits. Individuals evolve through natural selection.

Natural selection works on variation already

Which of the following is a binomial? Rhizosolenia Nitzschia jouseae diatom sapiens

Nitzschia jouseae

The absence of ______ in the primitive atmosphere was essential to the origin of life on Earth. CH4 N2 O2 CO2

O2

______ is an example of bioremediation. A dinoflagellate bloom causing massive fish kills The use of an autoclave to kill endospores Cyanobacteria converting atmospheric nitrogen to a form that plants can use The use of prokaryotes to treat sewage

The use of prokaryotes to treat sewage

Which of the following is an example of directional selection? There is an increase in antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. The birth weight at which newborn humans are most likely to survive and the average weight of newborn humans are about the same. Garter snakes with different coloration patterns behave differently when threatened. There is an increase in the number of different breeds of dog.

There is an increase in antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria.

Which of the following is a colonial form of green algae? Plasmodium Giardia Paramecium Volvox

Volvox

When brought together in a zoo, two species are capable of mating and producing fertile offspring. Why may they still be considered two distinct species? In the wild, members of one species prey upon members of the other species. Zoos are not natural environments. The two species look very different. Wild populations of the two species have different geographic distributions.

Zoos are not natural environments.

Some biologists urge the collection of the few remaining individuals of some of the most threatened amphibian species, to preserve them if they become extinct in the wild. If such captive breeding programs could produce thousands of individuals from just a few of the remaining survivors, the species will still be threatened because of ______. the founder effect artificial selection mutations a bottleneck effect

a bottleneck effect

Natural selection results in ______. an increase in the size of a population a population that is better adapted to a future environment a population that is adapted to its current environment increased genetic variation

a population that is adapted to its current environment

In some zoos, rare crosses between a male lion and a female tiger have produced hybrid offspring called ligers. Male ligers are sterile but some female ligers are fertile. In the wild, lion and tiger ranges do not naturally overlap, making such a cross unlikely. Furthermore, the solitary behavior of tigers and the social organizations of lions create behavioral differences. The production of sterile male ligers is an example of ______. sympatric speciation a postzygotic barrier the founder effect a prezygotic barrier

a postzygotic barrier

The type of reproductive barrier that occurs when two species mate but produce sterile hybrids is referred to as ______. behavioral isolation a postzygotic barrier temporal isolation mechanical isolation

a postzygotic barrier

A reproductive barrier that prevents species from mating is an example of ______. zygote mortality a postzygotic barrier a prezygotic barrier reduced hybrid viability

a prezygotic barrier

In some zoos, rare crosses between a male lion and a female tiger have produced hybrid offspring called ligers. Male ligers are sterile but some female ligers are fertile. In the wild, lion and tiger ranges do not naturally overlap, making such a cross unlikely. Furthermore, the solitary behavior of tigers and the social organizations of lions create behavioral differences. The natural differences in the ranges of wild tigers and lions is an example of ______. the impact of mutations a postzygotic barrier a prezygotic barrier sympatric speciation

a prezygotic barrier

Natural selection can be defined as ______. the production of more offspring than can survive in a given environment the evolution of a population of organisms a process in which organisms with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than individuals with other traits a process in which changes in gene frequencies result from evolution

a process in which organisms with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than individuals with other traits