Bio Ch. 13 The Endocrine System

if a gene is activated by a hormone, what is the most likely chain of events?

A strand of mRNA is transcribed in the nucleus. It leaves the nucleus for the cytoplasm. The message is translated into a new protein

Stimulates the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex

ACTH

Which statement regarding calcium is false?

Approximately 50% of the body is calcium is found in the blood

The most accurate statement about FSH is

FSH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates both sperm production and egg development.

The most accurate statement about LH is

LH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates both testosterone production and ovulation.

which of these statements comparing the nervous system and the endocrine system is true?

The nervous system enables more rapid communication and signaling than does the endocrine system

target cells of ACTH

adrenal cortex

cortisol production occurs in the ________ and is stimulated by ________.

adrenal cortex; ACTH

promotes sodium re-uptake and potassium excretion by kidneys

aldosterone

________ are the main male hormones.

androgens

target cells of GnRH

anterior pituitary

what hormone promotes water retention by the kidneys?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which hormone opposes the action of parathyroid hormone?

calcitonin

which of these hormones are responsible for the "fight or flight" response to danger?

epinephrine and norepinephrine

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) triggers the release of ________ in response to stress.

glucocorticoids

the target cells of an endocrine gland ________

have specific receptors for the hormone

The structure that controls hormone release by both the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary is the

hypothalamus

which of these glands secretes releasing hormones?

hypothalamus

stimulates cell uptake of glucose by cells throughout the body

insulin

Which element is required in the diet for active thyroid hormones to be produced?

iodine

the adrenal medulla shares this trait in common with both the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary glands

it is a neuroendocrine organ

target cells of ADH

kidneys

which hormone stimulates hormone production by the ovaries and testes?

luteinizing hormone (LH)

target cells of LH

ovary, testes

causes ejection of milk into ducts during breast-feeding

oxytocin

which two hormones most directly regulate lactation?

oxytocin and prolactin

which statement correctly describes the role of hormones in calcium metabolism?

parathyroid hormone is released when dietary calcium levels are low

from which part of the pituitary are the hypothalamic hormones (antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin) released?

posterior pituitary

prednisone is a glucocorticoid hormone that is sometimes prescribed to treat rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and severe allergic reactions. If prednisone were taken for several weeks, which one of the following might occur?

production of natural cortisol may decrease

The kidneys secrete both ________

renin and erythropoietin

Which type of hormone is most likely to react with and activate a portion of a DNA molecule?

steroid

Which of the following hormones is/are involved in the normal functioning of the male reproductive system?

testosterone, LH, FSH

which of the following statements about the adrenal cortex or its hormones is true?

the adrenal cortex secretes hormones that may decrease the inflammatory response and suppress immune responses

non-steroid hormones are usually faster acting than steroid hormones because

they activate proteins that already exist within the cell

all of the following statements are true regarding estrogen and progesterone, except which one?

they are peptide hormones that activate target cells through the cyclic AMP second messenger mechanism

True or false? Calcium is actively absorbed in the upper small intestine with the aid of 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D.

true

true or false? The thyroid hormone calcitonin inhibits the effects of vitamin D and calcium metabolism and works to lower calcium levels in the blood.

true

true or false? When the amount of thyroxine in the body increases, the basal metabolic rate of the body also increases.

true

true or false? disorders associated with the endocrine system can be caused by problems with hormone production or lack of receptors for the hormones on the target cells.

true

which of the following statements would be the best way to describe or define the concept of the second messenger?

when the binding of the hormone to a membrane receptor (the "first messenger") activates another molecule within the cell (often cyclic AMP), that activated molecule is the second messenger