Bio ch 13 (unit 3)

In which autoimmune disease do antibodies attack the myelin sheath? A)Rheumatoid arthritisB)Multiple sclerosisC)Myasthenia gravisD)Systemic lupus erythematosus

Multiple sclerosis

What specific process has been occurring if pus is present around an infected area? A)SwellingB)BleedingC)PhagocytosisD)Coagulation

Phagocytosis

There are fewer T cells as we age because the thyroid gland decreases in size. ⊚true⊚false

False

What type of cells allow for long-term protection against antigens? A)Plasma cellsB)Memory B cellsC)AntibodiesD)Helper T cells

Memory B cells

Which of the following is NOT a major grouping of lymph nodes? A)CervicalB)InguinalC)PoplitealD)Axillary

Popliteal

Allergies are due to A)an excess number of antigens.B)not enough antibodies formed due to insufficient blood cell production.C)antibodies being produced for substances that ordinarily would do no harm to the body.D)transplanted tissue that is not properly matched.

antibodies being produced for substances that ordinarily would do no harm to the body.

T cells are responsible for A)antibody-mediated immunity.B)cell-mediated immunity.C)plasma cells.D)memory cells.

cell-mediated immunity.

Shingles is a condition that occurs with the return of dormant A)autoimmune antibodies.B)chickenpox virus.C)rubella virus.D)memory B cells.E)hepatitis.

chickenpox virus.

Special lymphatic capillaries in the small intestines are called A)lymph nodes.B)lacteals.C)villi.D)lymph.

lacteals.

The anatomy of larger lymphatic vessels is similar to A)capillaries.B)arterioles.C)large arteries.D)large veins.

large veins.

The thymus is A)larger in adults.B)larger in children.C)the same size in adults and children.

larger in children.

The ____ provide(s) an effective physical barrier to invasive microbes, while _____ provide(s) an effective chemical barrier. A)normal flora; skinB)perspiration on the skin; sebum from glandsC)mucous membranes; stomach acidD)lysosomes; ciliated cells

mucous membranes; stomach acid

In __________, antibodies attack the neuromuscular junction. A)rheumatoid arthritisB)multiple sclerosisC)myasthenia gravisD)systemic lupus erythematosus

myasthenia gravis

A booster A)raises the antibody titer.B)contains antibodies against the pathogen it protects against.C)is an example of natural immunity.

A)raises the antibody titer.

In which case does the recipient start making antibodies to the specific disease? A)Passive immunityB)Active immunityC)When given the antibodiesD)Passive immunity and when given the antibodies

Active immunity

__________ is a process that produces a clump of antigen and antibodies called an immune complex. A)NeutralizationB)Clonal selectionC)AgglutinationD)ApoptosisE)Catalysis

Agglutination

Antibodies bind to A)foreign substances.B)antigens.C)bacteria.D)All apply.

All apply.

Cytotoxic T cells may attack A)antigen-bearing cells.B)cancer cells.C)virus-infected cells.D)All apply.

All apply.

HIV-1 is transmitted by A)sexual contact.B)sharing needles.C)blood.D)All apply.

All apply.

T cells A)are activated by an antigen-presenting cell.B)may stimulate B cells.C)release cytokines.D)All apply.

All apply.

The red pulp in the spleen contains A)macrophages.B)lymphocytes.C)worn out red blood cells.D)All apply.

All apply.

What occurs because of increased capillary permeability at the site of inflammation? A)Escaped fluids cause swelling.B)Increased pressure from fluid causes pain.C)Clotting factors move into tissues.D)All apply.

All apply.

Which of the following are found in lymph nodes? A)B lymphocytesB)MacrophagesC)T lymphocytesD)All apply.

All apply.

Which of the following is NOT an action of antibodies with the antigen? A)Neutralize bacterial toxins by coating themB)Make a cluster of antigen-antibody complexesC)Make the antigen more susceptible to phagocytosisD)All of the choices are actions of antibodies.

All of the choices are actions of antibodies.

What type of pathogen causes Type A influenza? A)A DNA virusB)An RNA virusC)A bacteriumD)A fungus

An RNA virus

Which of the following is NOT a nonspecific defense mechanism? A)Barriers to entryB)AntibodiesC)InflammationD)Phagocytosis

Antibodies

What is meant by an autoimmune disease? A)Antibodies are produced automatically.B)Antibodies act against the individual's own tissue.C)Antibodies are not produced.D)Antigens resist antibodies.

Antibodies act against the individual's own tissue.

Which are true about the actions of antibodies? Choose all that apply. A)Antibodies bind to an antigen, marking it for destruction by phagocytes.B)Antibodies poke holes in bacteria, causing them to burst.C)Antibodies initiate the inflammatory response by causing capillaries to become leaky.D)Antibodies coat bacterial toxins, disabling them.

Antibodies bind to an antigen, marking it for destruction by phagocytes. Antibodies coat bacterial toxins, disabling them.

As a child, you received an MMR immunization against measles, mumps, and rubella. What kind of immunity do you have against these diseases? A)Natural activeB)Artificial activeC)Natural passiveD)Artificial passive

Artificial active

Which of the following give rise to the cells that produce antibodies? A)T lymphocytesB)MacrophagesC)B lymphocytesD)All apply.

B lymphocytes

Which of the following form a continuous loop; fluid flows in one direction, but ends where it started, and continues in the same loop? A)Lymphatic vesselsB)Blood vesselsC)Both blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

Blood vessels

What happens after a T cell has been activated for a specific antigen? A)Produces cytokinesB)Undergoes clonal expansionC)Produces antibodiesD)Both produces cytokines and undergoes clonal expansion

Both produces cytokines and undergoes clonal expansion

HIV-1 infects A)B cells.B)CD4 (helper T cells).C)CD8 (cytotoxic T cells).D)memory T cells.

CD4 (helper T cells).

Which of the following is NOT a chemical barrier that helps prevent entry of microbes into the body tissues? A)LysozymeB)SebumC)Normal floraD)Cytokines

Cytokines

Dietary fats are absorbed by lacteals found in the haustra of the large intestine. ⊚true⊚false

False

Elderly individualstend to be hypersensitive to vaccines. ⊚true⊚false

False

Elephantiasis is a type of lymphoma. ⊚true⊚false

False

Interleukins are a type of antibody used to fight cancer. ⊚true⊚false

False

Red blood cells, found in lymphatic vessels and organs, help defend the body against disease. ⊚true⊚false

False

The body's response to IgE-mediated allergic reaction is the same no matter where the site of allergen contact is. ⊚true⊚false

False

The respiratory system is important to the movement of blood, but not the movement of lymph. ⊚true⊚false

False

The spleen and thymus are primary lymphatic organs. ⊚true⊚false

False

Which of the following is NOT an opportunistic disease that commonly causes death for an AIDS patient? A)Kaposi's sarcoma (skin cancer)B)Pneumocystis jirovecii (pneumonia)C)Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB)D)Glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis

Which of the following is NOT true of a category A stage of an HIV infection? A)Helper T count is 500 per mm3 or greater.B)An infected person is very contagious.C)Most infected people have no symptoms.D)HIV blood test is positive.

HIV blood test is positive.

Which of the following is NOT true of a category B stage of an HIV infection? A)Helper T count is less than 200 per mm3 B)Severe fatigueC)Persistent cough, fever, diarrheaD)Swollen lymph nodes for over 3 months

Helper T count is less than 200 per mm3

Which of the following is NOT true of a category C stage of an HIV infection? A)Degeneration of lymph nodesB)Severe weight lossC)Development of opportunistic infectionsD)Helper T count is 200 to 499 mm3

Helper T count is less than 200 per mm3

_______, released by damaged tissue and mast cells, causes capillaries to dilate and become more permeable. A)SerotoninB)HistamineC)LysozymeD)Complement

Histamine

Which type of antibody is found in breast milk, saliva, and other body secretions? A)IgAB)IgDC)IgED)IgG

IgA

Which type of antibody is involved in causing immediate allergic reactions? A)IgAB)IgDC)IgGD)IgE

IgE

An immediate allergic response is caused by A)memory T cells at the site of allergen contact.B)IgE antibodies attached to mast cells and basophils that then release histamine.C)cytotoxic T cells attacking cells at the site of allergen contact.D)None apply.

IgE antibodies attached to mast cells and basophils that then release histamine.

Which type of antibody is the main one in circulation? A)IgAB)IgMC)IgGD)IgE

IgG

Which type of antibody is the first one made by a newborn and generally the first one to combat an infection? A)IgGB)IgMC)IgED)IgD

IgM

Which of the following is NOT a B cell problem in aging? A)Antibodies do not function well.B)Clones fail to form.C)Antibodies attack self cells.D)Incidence of cancer increases.

Incidence of cancer increases.

If the first lines of defense are penetrated by a disease-causing agent, the second line of defense will engage. Which are examples of the second line of defense? Choose all that apply. A)Inflammatory reactionB)Natural killer (NK) cellsC)Physical barriers such as skin and mucous membranesD)Chemical barriers such as stomach acid

Inflammatory reaction Natural killer (NK) cells

Which of the following is NOT true about delayed allergic response? A)It is initiated by memory T cells.B)It is regulated by interferon released by the T cells and macrophages.C)The TB test is an example of this type of allergic response.D)Contact dermatitis such as poison ivy is an example of this type of allergic response.

It is regulated by interferon released by the T cells and macrophages.

Which of the following has a connective tissue capsule that encloses the lymphatic tissue? A)TonsilsB)AppendixC)Peyer's patchesD)Lymph nodes

Lymph nodes

Which lymphatic structure enters the subclavian vein? A)Lymphatic ductB)Lymphatic vesselC)Lymphatic trunkD)All apply.

Lymphatic duct

As a child, you had the chicken pox. You are exposed to chicken pox several years later, but you do not get them again. What kind of immunity do you have? A)Natural activeB)Artificial activeC)Natural passiveD)Artificial passive

Natural active

What nonspecific cells kill virus-infected cells and tumor cells by cell to cell contact? A)Mast cellsB)Natural killer cellsC)T lymphocytesD)B lymphocytes

Natural killer cells

Which of the following is a form of nonspecific defense? A)Antibody-mediated immunityB)Cell-mediated immunityC)Natural killer cellsD)All apply.

Natural killer cells

A mother who had the measles as a child, has a baby. At the age of 1 month, the baby is exposed to measles but does not get sick. What kind of immunity does the baby have? A)Natural activeB)Artificial activeC)Natural passiveD)Artificial passive

Natural passive

Which of the following is NOT true about monoclonal antibodies (MABs)? A)One B cell makes several types of MABs.B)MABs are used in pregnancy test kits.C)MABs can be produced by cells made by fusing a B cell with a cancer cell.D)Some MABs can be used in certain cancer treatments.

One B cell makes several types of MABs.

Which of the following is NOT a tonsil? A)PharyngealB)LingualC)OralD)Palatine

Oral

Which type of immunity is temporary? A)ActiveB)Passive

Passive

Which molecule from a cytotoxic T cell creates holes in plasma membranes of virus-infected or cancer cells? A)CytokineB)InterleukinC)PerforinD)Interferon

Perforin

What does red bone marrow do? A)Produces red blood cellsB)Produces white blood cellsC)Produces red and white blood cellsD)None apply.

Produces red and white blood cells

Which of the following are the four signs of inflammation? A)Redness, swelling, pain, heatB)Swelling, cold, pain, cyanosisC)Pain, phagocytosis, redness, pusD)Heat, pus, swelling, painE)Redness, itch, swelling, bleeding

Redness, swelling, pain, heat

Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the immune system? A)Response to vaccines increasesB)A reduced amount of T cells that do not respond to foreign antigensC)B cells do not cloneD)Thymus gland degenerates

Response to vaccines increases

Which are functions of the lymphatic system? Choose all that apply. A)Return excess tissue fluid to the bloodstreamB)Produce blood cellsC)Fight infectionsD)Absorb fat-soluble nutrients in the digestive tractE)Transport nutrients to the liver for processing

Return excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream Fight infections Absorb fat-soluble nutrients in the digestive tract

What autoimmune disease affects the joints? A)Rheumatoid arthritisB)Multiple sclerosisC)Myasthenia gravisD)Systemic lupus erythematosus

Rheumatoid arthritis

Besides cytotoxic T cells, what are the other types of T cells? Choose all that apply. A)Memory T cellsB)Suppressor T cellsC)Helper T cells.D)Plasma cellsE)Monocyte T cellsF)Natural killer cells

Suppressor T cells Helper T cells.

Immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporine that are given to transplant recipients work by inhibiting A)T cells' responses to cytokines.B)B cells' responses to allergens.C)plasma cells' responses to neutrophils.D)basophils' response to interferon.

T cells' responses to cytokines.

What type of immune cell reaches maturity in the thymus? A)B lymphocytesB)NeutrophilsC)MonocytesD)T lymphocytes

T lymphocytes

Which is an example of passive immunity? A)An injection of a weakened virusB)The transfer of antibodies from mother to fetus through the placentaC)Becoming sick with a virus

The transfer of antibodies from mother to fetus through the placenta

What is the major difference between lymph and tissue fluid (interstitial fluid)? A)Lymph contains plasma proteins; tissue fluid does not.B)Tissue fluid contains more white blood cells than lymph.C)Their location: lymph is in lymphatic vessels, tissue fluid is in the tissues, between tissue cells.D)Lymph is found only in lymphatic organs like lymph nodes; tissue fluid is found in the lymphatic vessels.

Their location: lymph is in lymphatic vessels, tissue fluid is in the tissues, between tissue cells.

Which of the following is NOT true about anaphylactic shock? A)There is a sudden and life-threatening rise in blood pressure.B)There is a sudden and life-threatening drop in blood pressure.C)Histamine has increased the permeability of capillaries.D)Epinephrine can delay the body's adverse response.

There is a sudden and life-threatening rise in blood pressure.

Which describe complement? Choose all that apply. A)Most complement proteins are made by T lymphocytes.B)One type of complement protein is interferon.C)They are a group of plasma proteins.D)Some can poke holes in bacteria and cause them to rupture.

They are a group of plasma proteins. Some can poke holes in bacteria and cause them to rupture.

Which of the following is NOT true of human MHC proteins? A)They are called HLA (human leukocyte antigens).B)They are self-antigens.C)They are linked to foreign antigens to activate a B cell.D)They are found on all of one's body cells.

They are linked to foreign antigens to activate a B cell.

Which of the following is NOT true of antibodies? A)They have a constant region that binds to an antigen.B)They are a Y-shaped protein molecule.C)There are five classes of antibodies.D)Antibodies can act by neutralization.

They have a constant region that binds to an antigen.

Which of the following is a primary lymphatic organ? A)Lymph nodeB)SpleenC)ThymusD)Tonsil

Thymus

Which of the following is NOT a secondary lymphatic organ? A)Thymus glandB)SpleenC)Lymph nodesD)Tonsils

Thymus gland

Contraction of skeletal muscleis very important to lymph movement. ⊚true⊚false

True

Edema can result from a failure of the lymphatic system to collect and transport fluid. ⊚true⊚false

True

Hodgkin disease is a cancer of lymphatic tissue. ⊚true⊚false

True

Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) are found on all body cells. ⊚true⊚false

True

Lacteals, Peyer's patches, and the appendix are parts of the digestive system that aid the lymphatic and immune systems. ⊚true⊚false

True

Lymphatic vessels have valves that work to ensure one-way flow of lymph. ⊚true⊚false

True

Lymphocytes originate and/or mature in primary lymphatic organs. ⊚true⊚false

True

Memory B cells can produce a faster and more intense response to a subsequent exposure to the antigen. ⊚true⊚false

True

Monoclonal antibodies are used in blood typing, HIV testing, and as anticoagulants. ⊚true⊚false

True

The thymus is a critical organ for immunity. ⊚true⊚false

True

An immediate allergic response that occurs when an allergen enters the bloodstream is called A)delayed allergic response.B)IgE-mediated allergic response.C)anaphylactic shock.D)T-cell mediated allergic response.

anaphylactic shock.

In systemic lupus erythematosus A)antibodies target the individual's own body.B)antibody levels are abnormally low.C)a delayed lymphocyte response causes severe diarrhea.D)IgD levels are high while IgG levels are low.

antibodies target the individual's own body.

Plasma cells produce A)antibodies.B)histamines.C)T cells.D)antigens.

antibodies.

B cells are responsible for A)cell-mediated immunity.B)inflammation.C)antibody-mediated immunity.D)nonspecific immunity.

antibody-mediated immunity.

A vaccine contains A)antigens.B)antibodies.C)antihistamines.D)lymphocytes.

antigens.

Portions of bacteria, viruses, molds, parasites, and cancer cells that cause specific responses from the immune system are called A)antibodies.B)macrophages.C)antigens.D)interferons.

antigens.

Cytotoxic T cells can attack (choose all that apply): A)antibodies.B)antigens.C)viral-infected cells.D)cancerous cells.

antigens. viral-infected cells. cancerous cells.

After being exposed to hepatitis A, a patient is injected with anti-hepatitis antibodies. This is an example of A)artificial active immunity.B)artificial passive immunity.C)natural active immunity.D)natural passive immunity.

artificial passive immunity.

Blood is pushed through ______ by the pumping action of the heart. A)lymphatic vesselsB)blood vesselsC)Both blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

blood vessels

The spleen filters ______; lymph nodes filter _______. A)lymph; lymphB)blood; lymphC)blood; bloodD)lymph; blood

blood; lymph

Helpful, nonharmful bacteria live in A)the urinary bladder.B)the intestine.C)the mouth.D)both intestine and mouth.

both intestine and mouth.

Lysozyme is found in A)tears.B)saliva.C)urine.D) both tears and saliva.

both tears and saliva.

Lymphoma is A)cancer of lymphoid tissue.B)swelling of lymph nodes due to infection.C)swelling due to excess tissue fluid.D)infection of a lymphatic vessel.

cancer of lymphoid tissue.

Once a B cell has been activated by a specific antigen (an antigen binds to an antigen receptor on the B cell membrane), it will divide, making many copies of itself. This process is known as A)apoptosis.B)clonal selection.C)induced immunity.D)hypersensitivity.

clonal selection.

During an inflammatory reaction, macrophages release _________, chemicals that prompt bone marrow to produce more leukocytes. A)colony-stimulating factorsB)leukokininsC)histaminesD)bradykininsE)karyocyte growth factors

colony-stimulating factors

Secondary lymphatic organs are where lymphocytes will A)learn to recognizeself cells.B)grow andmature.C)encounter and bindto antigens.D)differentiate intodifferent types of lymphocytes.

encounter and bindto antigens.

Cytokines used as immunotherapeutic drugs can A)cause cancer cellsto undergo apoptosis.B)enhance T cellactivity against cancer cells.C)increase antibodyactivity against cancer cells.D)All apply.

enhance T cellactivity against cancer cells.

Interferons are molecules that A)have been shown to increase the risk of cancer.B)have been used as drugs to help fight cancer.

have been used as drugs to help fight cancer.

Antibody-mediated immunity is also known as A)cell-mediated immunity.B)neural-mediated immunity.C)humoral immunity.D)hormonal immunity.

humoral immunity.

The ability of the body to react to antigens and remain free of disease is A)immunity.B)homeostasis.C)immaturity.D)responsiveness.

immunity.

Interferon A)increases the activity of macrophages.B)makes the capillary more permeable.C)impedes viral reproduction.D)All apply.

impedes viral reproduction.

Antibodies given to individuals have come from all of the following EXCEPT A)recovered donors.B)genetically engineered bacteria.C)individuals never exposed to the disease.D)monoclonal antibodies.

individuals never exposed to the disease.

Lymphangitis is A)cancer of lymphoid tissue.B)swelling of lymph nodes due to infection.C)swelling due to excess tissue fluid.D)infection of a lymphatic vessel

infection of a lymphatic vessel.

Peyer's patches are lymphatic nodules found in the A)intestine.B)throat.C)stomach.D)liver.

intestine.

When a clinician palpates the armpits and neck to determine if a patient has tenderness in those regions as a result of infection, they are checking for swollen A)tonsils.B)Peyer's patches.C)lymph nodes.D)spleens.E)thymic tissue.

lymph nodes.

Lymphatic system vessels begin with A)lymphatic ducts.B)lymphatic trunks.C)lymphatic capillaries.D)lymph nodes.E)lymphatic arteries.

lymphatic capillaries.

The tonsils are composed of A)Peyer's patches.B)lymphatic nodules.C)stem cells.

lymphatic nodules.

Natural killer cells resemble ________ and develop from the same type of stem cell. A)basophilsB)neutrophilsC)eosinophilsD)lymphocytes

lymphocytes

T cells and B cells are A)antigens.B)lymphocytes.C)macrophages.D)neutrophils.

lymphocytes.

The white pulp of the spleen contains A)macrophages.B)lymphocytes.C)worn out red blood cells.D)All apply.

lymphocytes.

An antibacterial enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, and sweat is _______ A)antibodies.B)interferon.C)lysozyme.D)antigen.

lysozyme.

An antigen-presenting cell (APC) is a A)red blood cell.B)macrophage or B cell.C)basophil or helper T cell.D)memory cell.

macrophage or B cell.

During clonal selection, most B cells become plasma cells, but others will become A)antibodies.B)antigens.C)phagocytes.D)memory B cells.

memory B cells.

After having the flu, a patient starts making anti-flu virus antibodies. This is an example of A)artificial active immunity.B)artificial passive immunity.C)natural active immunity.D)natural passive immunity.

natural active immunity.

The inflammatory reaction is a _______ defense mechanism involving chemical factors such as _______. A)specific; antigensB)specific; histamineC)nonspecific; histamineD)nonspecific; antibodies

nonspecific; histamine

Active immunity A)occurs when antibodies are given.B)occurs as a result of exposure to antigens.C)means that antibodies are not made by the recipient.D)occurs against an individual's own tissue.

occurs as a result of exposure to antigens.

IgM antibodies are A)dimersB)tetramersC)pentamersD)helical trimers

pentamers

Under the influence of cytokines from helper T cells, B cells enlarge and divide, forming A)plasma cells.B)memory cells.C)helper cells.D)plasma cells and memory cells.

plasma cells and memory cells.

Apoptosis is A)a form of cell division.B)the production of antibodies.C)a nonspecific defense.D)programmed cell death

programmed cell death.

Ciliated cells line the A)respiratory tract.B)intestine.C)stomach.D)ureters

respiratory tract.

Acid secretion occurs in the A)respiratory tract.B)intestine.C)stomach.D)arteries.

stomach.

Edema is A)cancer of lymphoid tissue.B)swelling of lymph nodes due to infection.C)swelling due to excess tissue fluid.D)infection of a lymphatic vessel.

swelling due to excess tissue fluid.

Lymphadenitis is A)cancer of lymphoid tissue.B)swelling of lymph nodes due to infection.C)swelling due to excess tissue fluid.D)infection of a lymphatic vessel.

swelling of lymph nodes due to infection.

Tissue rejection from transplants occurs because A)the HLA antigens of the donor do not match the recipient.B)too many antibodies from the donor were transferred to the recipient during transplantation.C)the immune system attacks "self" cells.

the HLA antigens of the donor do not match the recipient.

The right lymphatic duct drains lymph that comes from A)the right upper limb, right side of the head and neck.B)the body below the thorax, left upper limb, left side of head and neck.C)the entire right side of the body.D)the entire right side of the body and the upper half of the left side of the body.

the right upper limb, right side of the head and neck.

Pyrogens are A)phagocytic cells that engulf pathogens.B)medicines taken for immune disorders.C)plasma proteins that bind to antigens.D)tissue chemicals that initiate a fever.

tissue chemicals that initiate a fever.

The spleen is located in the __________ region of the abdomen. A)upper leftB)upper rightC)lower leftD)lower right

upper left

Lymph vessels are similar to cardiovascular A)arteries.B)veins.C)capillaries.

veins.

Interferon is a defense against A)bacteria-infected cells.B)virus-infected cells.C)fungus-infected cells.D)All apply.

virus-infected cells.