BIO Ch. 3 Reading Questions

Which steroid provides stability to the plasma membrane in animals and acts as a precursor to several other steroids? Multiple choice question. Cholesterol Cellulose Testosterone Chitin

Cholesterol

What is the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane? Multiple choice question. Cholesterol forms the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane. Cholesterol provides the plasma membrane with physical stability. Cholesterol functions to store energy in the plasma membrane.

Cholesterol provides the plasma membrane with physical stability.

What is the molecular formula for glucose? Multiple choice question. CH3OH C12H22O11 C6H12O6 (CH20)n C2H4O2

C6H12O6

Which two elements must a molecule contain to be classified as organic? Multiple choice question. Carbon and nitrogen Carbon and oxygen Carbon and hydrogen Oxygen and hydrogen Oxygen and nitrogen

Carbon and hydrogen

Which of the following are functional groups in organic biomolecules? Multiple select question. Carbonyl Phosphate Amino Neutrino Sulfhydryl

Carbonyl Sulfhydryl Phosphate Amino

Amino

Central nitrogen is single-bonded to an alkyl group on the left and two hydrogen atoms on the right.

Phosphate

Central phosphorous is single-bonded to an oxygen atom on left and two hydroxyl groups. A double bonded oxygen is linked to phosphorous at the top. The single bonded oxygen on the left is further single bonded to an alkyl group, R.

Select the polysaccharides that serve as structural molecules from the choices. Multiple select question. Cellulose Glucose Starch Chitin

Chitin Cellulose

What type of bonds does carbon typically form to create biomolecules? Multiple choice question. Covalent Hydrogen Ionic

Covalent

The abbreviation for a polymer of nucleotides which stores a cell's genetic information is _________.

DNA

The material that stores a cell's genetic information is called Multiple choice question. DNA. ATP. RNA. ribose.

DNA.

True or false: All proteins have four levels of structural organization. True false question.TrueFalse

False

True or false: Starch, glycogen, and sucrose are three common polysaccharides formed entirely from glucose. True false question. True or False

False

True or false: Starch, glycogen, and sucrose are three common polysaccharides formed entirely from glucose. True false question.TrueFalse

False

True or false: Structural polysaccharides such as cellulose, chitin and peptidoglycan consist of only glucose molecule. True false question.TrueFalse

False

The alpha helices and beta pleated sheets of a protein's secondary structure are formed by ______ bonds between non adjacent amino acids. Multiple choice question. peptides covalent hydrogen ionic

Hydrogen

Select all that apply Identify the elements found in glucose. Multiple select question. Phosphorus Nitrogen Hydrogen Oxygen Carbon

Hydrogen Oxygen Carbon

Which type of chemical reaction uses water to break down biomolecules? Multiple choice question. Dehydration reaction Biosynthesis Hydrolysis reaction

Hydrolysis reaction

Organic molecules that have the same molecular formulas but different arrangements of atoms are called __________

Isomers

____________are small subunits, that when combined, form polymers.

Monomers

Which type of lipid contains glycerol and a polar, phosphate group bonded to two nonpolar, fatty acid tails? Multiple choice question. Unsaturated fat Oil Phospholipid Saturated fat

Phospholipid

A _____________ is a biomolecule that is formed by linking together a large number of monomers.

Polymer

Hydroxyl

R-OH Alcohol as in ethanol

A diverse type of nucleic acid that performs multiple functions is called: Multiple choice question. deoxyribose ATP ribose RNA

RNA

A diverse type of nucleic acid that performs multiple functions is called: Multiple choice question. ribose deoxyribose ATP RNA

RNA

Match the fatty acid on the left with the correct structural description on the right.

Saturated fatty acid Do not have double bonds between the carbon atoms in the chain Unsaturated fatty acid Have one or more double bonds between the carbon atoms in the chain

Keratin and collagen are examples of which class of proteins? Multiple choice question. Structural proteins Enzymes Regulatory proteins Chaperone proteins

Structural proteins

Which disaccharide is used as a sweetener for our food? Multiple choice question. Sucrose Lactose Maltose Glucose

Sucrose

Select all that apply Identify the structures that are composed of keratin and/or collagen. Multiple select question. Tendons Ligaments Muscles Hair

Tendons Ligaments Hair

Which level of protein structure can be described as a three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide? Multiple choice question. Primary Quaternary Secondary Tertiary

Tertiary

The four major classes of organic biomolecules include lipids, nucleic acids, ____________, and ________________ .

carbohydrates proteins

Carboxyl

carboxylic acid as in acetic acid

Another name for a dehydration reaction is a _______ reaction.

condensation or synthesis

A building reaction that removes an -OH and -H as subunits are joined is called a __________. Multiple choice question. hydrolysis reaction dehydration reaction

dehydration reaction

A protein that loses its shape due to heat or pH changes is said to become _______.

denatured

Proteins that increase the rate of chemical reactions in the cell are known as

enzymes

The female steroid hormone that helps maintain sexual organs and secondary sex characteristics is called ______. Multiple choice question. estradiol testosterone cholesterol estrogen

estrogen

A combination of bonded atoms attached to an organic molecule that always reacts in the same way is known as a(n) ______ group. Multiple choice question. functional isotope compound

functional

Identify the molecules that make up a phospholipid: Multiple choice question. glycerol, one fatty acid and two phosphate groups glycerol, two fatty acids and a phosphorus atom glycerol, one fatty acid and two phosphorus atoms glycerol, two fatty acids and a phosphate group

glycerol, two fatty acids and a phosphate group

Which of these carbohydrates are classified as polysaccharides? Multiple select question. glycogen starch cellulose sucrose glucose

glycogen starch cellulose

Sulfhydryl

Alkyl group, R is single-bonded to SH group.

The basic building blocks of proteins are called ______ acids.

Amino

Select all that apply Identify the four major classes of organic molecules: Multiple select question. -Triglycerides -amino acids -lipids -proteins -carbohydrates -nucleic acids

-lipids -proteins -carbohydrates -nucleic acids

Molecules that are water soluble, are called ___________ molecules; while molecules that are not soluble in water are called ____________ molecules.

1. hydrophilic - nonpolar molecules are not soluble in water 2. hydrophobic - polar molecules that have an attraction to and are soluble in water.

A protein can have up to ____ levels of structure. Multiple choice question. 26 6 4 unlimited

4

Carbon contains six electrons. How many electrons are in the outer shell? Multiple choice question. 4 6 8 2

4

Which statement about isomers is correct? Multiple choice question. They have different numbers of atoms but the same molecular shape. They have the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms. They react to organic molecules in the same way. They have different atoms but are found in the same organism.

They have the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms.

Which of the following describes all enzymes? Multiple choice question. They speed up chemical reactions in the cell. They help the cell create ATP for energy. They selectively transport nutrients and wastes into and out of the cell. They break down nutrients into simpler components.

They speed up chemical reactions in the cell.

Hydrolysis reactions use ________ to break the bond between molecular subunits.

Water

The tertiary structure of a protein is best described as: Multiple choice question. a linear chain of amino acids two or more three-dimensional polypetides interacting to perform a specific function a three-dimensional shape of a protein alpha helices and beta pleated sheets

a three-dimensional shape of a protein

Carbonyl

aldehyde as in formaldehyde

Proteins are polymers constructed from ________ monomers. Multiple choice question. amino acid monosaccharide nucleic acid fatty acid

amino acid

The image shows the structure of a(n): Multiple choice question. nucleic acid carbohydrate amino acid lipid protein

amino acid (glutamine acid)

Identify the three components of an amino acid: Multiple select question. A water group base group amino group acid group R group

amino group acid group R group

Which of these sugars are classified as disaccharides? Multiple select question. lactose sucrose galactose maltose glucose

lactose sucrose maltose

Match the type of RNA to the most accurate description:

mRNA determines the amino acid sequence during protein synthesis tRNA helps translate the nucleic acid sequence into the amino acid sequence rRNA helps form peptide bonds between amino acids

Pentoses and hexoses are categories of carbohydrates called _______. Multiple choice question. monosaccharides disaccharides polysaccharides

monosaccharides

Simple carbohydrates composed of a single unit, like the sugars glucose or ribose, are commonly called _________________

monosaccharides

Which of these might cause a protein to denature? Multiple select question. pH change peptide bonding heat ATP starvation

pH change heat

Hydrogen bonds between non adjacent amino acids is a feature of the ________ protein structure. Multiple choice question. tertiary primary quartinary secondary

secondary

The male steroid hormone that helps maintain sexual organs and secondary sex characteristics is called ______. Multiple choice question. cholesterol testosterone estradiol estrogen

testosterone

A fatty acid that has one or more double bonds between the carbon atoms of the chain is said to be a(n) _____. Multiple choice question. saturated fatty acid unsaturated fatty acid

unsaturated fatty acid