bio ch 40 questions

Which of the following characteristics is likely to be found in larger versus smaller animals?

A highly branched respiratory system

An epithelial cell with a relatively large amount of cytoplasm probably has what function?

Absorption and secretion

Which of the six major types of connective tissue has a rigid matrix that contains collagen and calcium salts?

Bone

Which of the following lists of animal structures is ordered from smallest to largest?

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system

Which of the following is a benefit of multicellularity compared to organisms consisting of just one cell?

Cells can specialize.

Which of the following organ systems in mammals is mismatched with its function?

Circulatory; coordination of body activities

Which of the following systems is correctly paired with one of its parts?

Endocrine system; thyroid gland

Which of the following statements correctly describes a difference between hormone signaling and neuron signaling?

Hormone signals travel throughout the body, but neuron signals travel to specific locations.

__________ feedback most directly maintains homeostasis because it __________.

Negative; tends to keep a system at a desirable "set point"

Which of the following mammals would you expect to have the highest basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Shrew

Which of the following statements correctly describes the differences between simple squamous cells and stratified squamous cells?

Simple squamous cells form a single layer, which is useful for gas exchange, and stratified squamous cells are multilayered and regenerate rapidly.

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding muscle tissue?

Skeletal muscle consists of cells that each have a single nucleus.

Which of the following pairs of connective tissue and its function is correctly matched?

Tendons; attach muscles to bones

Which of the following is a correct statement about an organism and its environment?

The interstitial fluid is the exchange medium between body cells and the circulatory system in vertebrate animals.

Where in the body would you be most likely to find secretory cells shaped like dice?

Thyroid and salivary glands

Which of the following primarily involves heat transfer by convection?

You roll down the car window to allow the cool breeze to blow through.

You are studying a large tropical reptile that has a high and relatively stable body temperature. How would you determine whether this animal is an endotherm or an ectotherm?

You subject this reptile to various temperatures in the lab and find that its body temperature and metabolic rate change with the ambient temperature. You conclude that it is an ectotherm.

In a physiological system operating with positive feedback

a change in a variable will amplify rather than reverse the change

Natural selection refers to

a mechanism of evolution.

Ligaments connect ________ to ________.

bone; bone

Microscopic analysis of an unknown tissue sample reveals the presence of chondrocytes, indicating that the sample was probably taken from __________ tissue.

cartilage

A neuron receives nerve impulses from other neurons via its _________ and __________.

cell body; dendrites

The body tissue that consists largely of material located outside of cells is

connective tissue.

Consider the energy budgets for a human, an elephant, a penguin, a mouse, and a snake. The __________ would have the highest total annual energy expenditure, and the __________ would have the highest energy expenditure per unit mass.

elephant; mouse

An organism that generates body heat by means of its own metabolism is _________, and an organism that gains body heat from external sources is ________.

endothermic; ectothermic

Bats and hummingbirds are examples of

endotherms that are also poikilotherms

Negative feedback is a method of homeostatic control that

ensures that conditions in an organism do not vary too much above or below their set points

Choose the list that correctly ranks metabolic rates per gram of body mass, from lowest to highest.

fish, dog, mouse

During a fever, the __________ readjusts the set point of the body to a __________ temperature.

hypothalamus; higher

An animal's inputs of energy and materials would exceed its outputs

if it is growing and increasing its mass.

Humid weather makes you feel warmer because humid air, which is saturated with water molecules, __________.

interferes with heat loss by evaporation

Compared with a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has

less surface area per unit of volume.

Homeostasis is the

maintenance of a relatively constant and optimal internal environment

An organ such as the heart or liver consists of __________.

muscle tissue, nervous tissue, connective tissue, epithelial tissue

When a person's body temperature increases, sweating helps bring the temperature down. This is an example of __________.

negative feedback

The four major categories of tissues are

nervous, epithelial, connective, and muscle

The __________ system and the __________ system work together to coordinate and control the bodies of most animals.

nervous; endocrine

In blood, the matrix component is ________, and the cellular component contains _________.

plasma; red and white blood cells

Myosin and actin are __________.

proteins that play a major role in muscle contraction

A countercurrent heat exchanger enables an animal to

reduce the loss of body heat to the environment

Skeletal muscle is said to be "striated" because __________.

the arrangement of the sarcomeres gives it a striped appearance

Interstitial fluid is __________.

the fluid that fills the spaces between cells of vertebrates

Most cells are microscopic because at this small size, __________.

the ratio of surface area to cell volume is maximized

Imagine you have two sets of 8 blocks, each measuring 1 cm along each edge. You arrange one set into a large cube, 2 blocks × 2 blocks × 2 blocks. You arrange the other set into a straight beam, 1 block × 8 blocks. Compared with the beam, the large cube has

the same volume but a smaller surface area.

Metabolic rate is

the total amount of energy an animal uses in a unit of time

An emergent property belongs to

the whole of something but not its parts. Submit

The main function(s) of connective tissues in the body is/are _________.

to hold tissues and organs in place and to join adjacent tissues together

A physiological state of decreased activity and metabolism that is an adaptation enabling animals to save energy while avoiding difficult and dangerous conditions is known as _________.

torpor

Which of the following would increase the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment?

wind blowing across the body surface