BIO CH53
Based on current projections made by the United Nations, the human population is expected to peak at
12 billion
What is the U.S fertility rate?
2.1 births/female
what is the doubling size of the human population
40 years
Based on current growth rates, Earth's human population in 2015 will be closest to
7 billion
Which of the following statements are true of logistic growth?
As the population approaches carrying capacity, it grows more slowly, When the population reaches carrying capacity, it stops growing.
Which of the following statements about density-independent growth is true?
Density-independent growth is also known as exponential growth.
Which of the following statements about a population experiencing logistic growth is true?
If N is greater than K, the population will shrink.
Which factor does not affect a habitat's carrying capacity?
Maximum number of individuals in a population.
Which of the following is the most accurate statement on Earth's carrying capacity for humans?
Our technology has allowed the human population to keep increasing K.
Which of the following statements regarding the future of populations in developing countries are correct?
Survivorship will increase, Overall population size will increase dramatically, The number of offspring each year is predicted to remain high.
Which of the following statements are true of a population at carrying capacity?
The population growth rate equals zero, The birth rate equals the death rate, The rate at which resources are used is equal to the rate at which they are supplied.
Which of the following statements about K-selected species is correct?
They tend to produce small numbers of offspring and the offspring get lots of parental care
Which of these was the first of the major events that stimulated an increase in the size of the human population?
advent of agriculture
No growth
age younger than reproductive age are underrepresented in the population
Which of the following is an example of a population?
all of the redwood trees that live in a forest
Which of the following factors does not contribute to environmental resistance?
birth rate
Which processes increase a population's size?
birth rate and immigration
rapid growth is associated by
bottom heavy skewed towards young individuals who will grow up and sustain explosive growth with their own reproduction
zero population growth equals
capita per birth and death are equal r = 0
In wild populations, individuals most often show a
clumped pattern of dispersion
Uniform spacing patterns in plants such as the creosote bush are most often associated with
competitive interaction between individuals of the same population
exponential growth
dN/dt = rmax*N, where N = population size
Population ecologists follow the fate of same-age cohorts to
determine the birth rate and death rate of each group in a population.
per capita growth rate equals what
difference between per capita birth and death rates
What is the primary limiting factor that determines why no female animal can produce a very large number of very large eggs?
energy constraints
J-shape curve
exponential growth, abundant resources, growth rate increases as population increases, no limit to population size
Which of the following is a density-independent factor that limits population growth?
extreme temperatures
Which of the following is regarded as a density-independent factor in the growth of natural populations?
flooding
A human population with a pyramid-shaped age structure is
growing
A broad-based pyramid-shaped age structure is characteristic of a population that is
growing rapidly
During exponential growth, a population always
grows at its maximum per capita rate
Natural selection involves energetic trade-offs between
high survival rates of offspring and the cost of parental care
As a population approaches carrying capacity, environmental resistance
increases
A population is correctly defined as having which of the following characteristics?
inhabiting the same general area and belonging to the same species
Populations that display a uniform geographic distribution of individuals are being shaped by
intense competition for some factor in the environment
S-shaped curve
logistic growth, limited resources, limited by carrying capacity
A population's carrying capacity
may change as environmental conditions change
Which of the following is characteristic of K-selected populations?
offspring with good chance of survival
In which of the following situations would you expect to find the largest number of K-selected individuals?
old growth forest
In the models that describe population growth, r stands for
per capita population growth rate
population dynamics
population fluctuations from year to year
According to the logistic growth equation
population growth is zero when N equals K.
what populations are characteristic to exponential growth
population introduced to a new enviroment or drastically removed by a catastrophic event
slow growth can be characterized by
relatively even until older
K selection
selection for traits are sensitive to population density and favored at high densities; strong competition
r selection
selection for traits that maximize reproductive success in uncrowded enviroments; little competition
important growth factors in a population include
size, distribution, age structures, sex ratio
demography
study of vital statistics in a population and how they change over time
carrying capacity
symbolized by K
To determine the density of a rabbit population, you would need to know the number of rabbits and
the size of area which they are in
Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between the population sizes of the snowshoe hare and the arctic bobcat
the size of the hare population controls the size of the bobcat population
main variables of life history
when reproduction begins, how often an organism reproduces, how many offspring produced per reproduction
Under which of the following conditions would a population most likely experience exponential growth?
young population with few individuals
Which equation represents the logistic growth rate of a population?
ΔN/Δt=rMmaxN*(K−N)/K
