BIO CH6

BioFlix Activity: Cellular Respiration -- Food as Fuel

1. Eating food provides fuel and building blocks for your body. 2. After food is broken down in the digestive system, it is transported to cells via the circulatory system. 3. Fuel molecules are broken down further glycolysis and and the citric acid cycle (aka Krebs Cycle). 4. ATP is produced with the help of the Electron Transport Chain

How many NADH are produced by glycolysis?

2

In glycolysis there is a net gain of _____ ATP.

2

In the absence of oxygen the net gain of ATP for each glucose molecule during glycolysis is approximately __________.

2 ATPs

How many more calories would a 240-pound man need to consume than a 170-pound man to maintain a constant weight?

300 calories

Figure Walkthrough: Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems

A) energy enters as sunlight B) chloroplast C) photosynthesis D) carbon dioxide (CO2) E) glucose (C6H12O6) F) cellular respiration G) mitochondrion H) energy exits as heat

Which of the following organisms perform cellular respiration?

ALL OF THE ABOVE a sunflower, a palm tree, a shark, a honeybee, a mushroom

Which energy-rich molecule produced by cellular respiration directly powers cell work?

ATP

____ is the high-energy molecule used to power cellular work.

ATP

In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose breakdown?

ATP.

Which molecules can be broken down to generate ATP?

All of the listed responses are correct.

While serving as a visiting professor on the planet Freedonia, with infinite resources available to you, you decide to try implanting mitochondria into alien bacterial cells that can perform only glycolysis. Assuming your experiment is successful, what result would you predict?

An increase in ATP yield per glucose molecule

What is an autotroph?

An organism that utilizes light energy or inorganic compounds to meet their energy requirements

_________________ occurs when ________________.

Anaerobic respiration; oxygen is not present

Which two statements about basal metabolic rate are true?

Basal metabolic rate includes the energy consumed by the body during cellular respiration. If all other factors are identical, a person who weighs more will have a higher BMR than a person who weighs less.

Autotrophs use photosynthesis to convert the energy of sunlight into the chemical energy of sugar. Which of the following is the correct equation for photosynthesis?

CO2 + H2O + sunlight →→ O2 + sugar

The molecules needed for photosynthesis are __________ and __________.

CO2 and H2O

In which organisms do cellular respiration and photosynthesis occur?

Cellular respiration occurs in both producers and consumers.

What is the difference between the use of the terms cellular respiration and respiration in biology?

Cellular respiration refers only to the breakdown of energy-rich molecules to produce ATP; respiration can refer to breathing.

Match the following step of cellular respiration with the appropriate outputs.

Citric acid cycle - 2 CO2, ATP, 3 NADH, FADH2

Which stage of cellular respiration yields the greatest amount of ATP?

Electron transport chain

Which of the following is the best general description of cellular respiration?

Energy is transferred from organic molecules brought into the cell to electron carriers and ultimately to ATP.

Which of these is NOT a product of glycolysis?

FADH2

What is the role of fermentation in muscle metabolism?

Fermentation ensures a steady supply of NAD+ for proper glycolytic functioning during periods of low oxygen levels in muscles.

__________ is used as fuel and __________ is produced as a waste in the overall process of cellular respiration.

Glucose ... carbon dioxide

In which stage of cellular respiration is pyruvic acid produced?

Glycolysis

Which stage of cellular respiration takes place in the cytosol?

Glycolysis

What is the correct order of cellular respiration?

Glycolysis -> citric acid cycle -> electron transport chain

Which of the following allows for ATP to be produced with the electron transport chain?

H+ concentration gradient

What is a difference between fermentation in human muscles and fermentation in yeast?

In human muscle cells lactic acid is produced, while yeast produces ethyl alcohol.

Not all of the energy harvested during the chemical breakdown of food molecules is captured and stored in ATP. What happens to the rest of the energy?

It is released as heat.

What is a true statement about cellular respiration?

It occurs in both producers and consumers.

Which of the following is false about glycolysis?

It requires oxygen.

Which of the following is not produced by yeast fermentation?

Lactic acid

Activity: Overview of Cellular Respiration What molecule is indicated by the letter D?

Oxygen

Aerobic metabolism always requires _____.

Oxygen

Plants require specific inputs to carry out photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Which of the following statements accurately reflect(s) what plants must take in?

Plants take in carbon dioxide from the air. Plants take in both carbon dioxide and oxygen.

What is cellular respiration?

The aerobic harvesting of chemical energy from organic fuel molecules

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration connected?

The products of photosynthesis are the reactants in cellular respiration and vice versa.

What do glycolysis and the citric acid cycle have in common?

They both directly produce 2 ATP

Which statement describes the citric acid cycle?

This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion.

Which statement describes glycolysis?

This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose.

Which statement describes the electron transport chain?

This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration.

An organism that can use energy from the sun to directly produce food is called a(n) ____.

autotroph

From what food can reactants of glycolysis be derived?

carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

During ___, the energy in sugar molecules is used to make molecules of ATP.

cellular respiration

Which part of cellular respiration produces the most NADH?

citric acid cycle

Where in a cell does glycolysis occur?

cytosol

Examine the figure. Which of these stages receive input from more than one other stage?

electron transport

What waste product do yeast produce under anaerobic conditions?

ethyl alcoho

ATP synthase plays a role in ______.

generating ATP

The preferred source of energy for glycolysis is ___________.

glucose

Which of the following molecules is broken down in cellular respiration, providing fuel for the cell?

glucose

Activity: Overview of Cellular Respiration What process occurs in Box A?

glycolysis

Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?

glycolysis

Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration.

glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain

An organism that must consume other organisms to obtain nourishment is called a(n) ____.

heterotroph

In muscle cells, fermentation produces _____.

lactate and NAD+

Which of the following is an autotroph?

magnolia tree

A drug that blocks the electron transport chain would probably cause the organism to ___________.

make insufficient ATP to survive

The main function of cellular respiration is __________.

making ATP to power cell activities

Electron transport takes place in the ______.

mitochondria

In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain?

mitochondrion

During ___, the energy from the sun is used to make sugar molecules.

photosynthesis

Because plants can perform photosynthesis, they are called __________.

producers

In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by _____.

substrate-level phosphorylation

Virtually all organisms on Earth use cellular respiration to produce ATP from sugar. ATP is then used to power cellular work. Which of the following is the correct equation for cellular respiration?

sugar + O2 →→ CO2 + H2O + ATP

If the amount of oxygen required by your muscles during a workout exceeds your aerobic capacity, your muscle cells will __________.

switch to anaerobic respiration and produce lactic acid

Activity: Overview of Cellular Respiration What process occurs within Box B?

the citric acid cycle

Glycolysis results in ________.

the conversion of glucose to pyruvic acid

The citric acid cycle is considered a cycle because __________.

the last product is used in the first reaction to start the cycle over again

A physician is examining a patient who fatigues easily after walking only a short distance. Tissue examination reveals that certain skeletal muscle cells are missing mitochondria. Laboratory tests are likely also to find ________.

the muscles contain large amounts of lactic acid following even mild physical exercise

At the end of the electron transport chain the electrons are taken up by oxygen to generate __________.

water