Bio chap 23 practice questions

Which of the following best describes an artery? Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood. Arteries contain valves. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Arteries have thin walls compared with veins.

Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

_____ transport blood to capillaries, and _____ transport blood away from capillaries. Arterioles ... venules Venules ... arteries Arteries ... arterioles Veins ... arteries

Arterioles ... venules

What is the function of the AV node? The AV node assures the unidirectional flow of blood from the atria into the ventricles. The AV node initiates a nerve impulse across the atria. The AV node relays the signal for cardiac muscle contraction to the ventricles. The AV node assures the unidirectional flow of blood from the ventricles into the aorta and pulmonary arteries.

The AV node relays the signal for cardiac muscle contraction to the ventricles.

True or false. In frogs, blood flows through the pulmocutaneous circuit between the heart and the lungs and skin and through the systemic circuit between the heart and the rest of the body. True False

True

True or false? The circulatory system of humans is composed of two loops: the systemic circulation, in which blood flows between the heart and lungs, and the pulmonary circulation, in which blood flows between the heart and the rest of the body. True False

False The statement is false.The pulmonary circulation pumps blood between the heart and lungs, whereas the systemic circulation pumps blood between the heart and the rest of the body.

_____ is the leading cause of death in the United States. Cancer Heart attack Stroke Homicide

Heart attack

Which of the following statements best describes "deoxygenated" blood? It has lost some of its oxygen after passing through the lungs or gills. It has gained oxygen after passing through the body's tissues. It has gained oxygen after passing through the heart. It has lost some of its oxygen to the body's tissues.

It has lost some of its oxygen to the body's tissues.

What is unique about blood in pulmonary arteries compared with blood in other arteries? It is moving toward the heart. It is loaded with carbon dioxide. It is moving away from the heart. Blood in pulmonary arteries is always blue; it is red in all other arteries.

It is loaded with carbon dioxide.

From outside to inside, the tissue layers of both arteries and veins are composed of _____. epithelium connective tissue, smooth muscle, epithelium epithelium, connective tissue, smooth muscle smooth muscle, epithelium

connective tissue, smooth muscle, epithelium

Which of the following statements about blood circulation in fish is true? Blood enters the heart ventricle and then is pumped to the atrium. Oxygen-rich blood is transported from the gills to the heart, which then pumps the blood to the body's cells. Valves in the heart prevent blood from entering more than one chamber at a time. The chambers of the fish heart contract simultaneously.

Valves in the heart prevent blood from entering more than one chamber at a time.

What is the physiological cause of a heart attack? severe angina a blood clot lodging in a blood vessel supplying the heart rupture of coronary arteries a blood clot moving through the heart

a blood clot lodging in a blood vessel supplying the heart

Blood pressure is highest in the _____. aorta posterior vena cava anterior vena cava pulmonary artery capillaries

aorta

Impulses are delayed briefly at the _____ and are then transmitted through special fibers to the base of the ventricles. Strong contractions begin at the apex of the heart and drive blood up and out of the heart.

atrioventricular(AV) node

Arteries carry blood _____. away from capillaries away from the heart and away from the lungs to the heart and away from the lungs to the heart only away from the heart only

away from the heart only

Gases diffuse across a capillary wall, moving between the _____ and _____. blood ... water oxygen ... carbon dioxide blood ... interstitial fluid blood ... body tissue

blood ... interstitial fluid

Atherosclerosis is _____. the noncontracting scar tissue that replaces heart muscle when heart vessels are blocked severe pain of the heart muscle due to lack of oxygen the result of balloon angioplasty buildup of lipids along the inside of heart vessels

buildup of lipids along the inside of heart vessels

The function of the pulmonary circuit is to _____. carry oxygen and nutrients to tissues where they are needed retrieve waste products from the body tissues carry carbon dioxide to the lungs and pick up oxygen from the lungs carry blood through the heart, lungs, and all of the body tissues

carry carbon dioxide to the lungs and pick up oxygen from the lungs

A(n) _____ records the electrical changes that occur during the heartbeat and provides data on the health of the heart.

electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)

The primary sealant that plugs leaks in blood vessels is _____. fibrin white blood cells albumin plasma

fibrin

What process are leukocytes involved in? fighting infections blood clotting oxygen transport maintenance of osmotic balance between blood and interstitial fluid

fighting infections

Which animal has a closed circulatory system? beetle snail fish hydra

fish

During ventricular systole, blood flows _____. into the ventricles from the left ventricle into the aorta, and from the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries from the ventricles into the pulmonary veins into both atria

from the left ventricle into the aorta, and from the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries

Which of the following can increase your risk of developing hypertension? being born a female (and staying young) exercising genetics maintaining proper weight

genetics

In which of the following animals are blood and interstitial fluid the same? flatworm fish dog grasshopper

grasshopper

In which of the following animals are blood and interstitial fluid the same? fish grasshopper dog flatworm

grasshopper With an open circulatory system, the body fluid, called hemolymph, bathes the organs directly so that there is not a distinction between blood and interstitial fluid.

High blood pressure is also known as _____. hypertension hypotension hypertonic anemia

hypertension

Where is erythropoietin made? in the liver in the heart in the red bone marrow in the kidneys

in the kidneys

Blood pressure is lowest in _____. the venae cavae arterioles capillaries arteries

the venae cavae

Blood pressure is lowest in _____. capillaries the venae cavae arteries arterioles

the venae cavae The venae cavae, which complete the return of blood to the heart, are farthest from the pumping force of the heart.

What is responsible for the sounds that are used to measure blood pressure? uneven blood flow through an artery the recoil of blood against closed AV valves the closing of the semilunar valves leaky heart valves

uneven blood flow through an artery

You are studying a vessel with a smooth muscle layer and valves. What kind of vessel could this be? arteriole capillary vein artery

vein

Which of the following have valves? capillaries venules arteries veins

veins

Blood pressure is lowest in the _____. venae cavae arteries aorta capillaries

venae cavae

The major component of plasma is _____. fibrinogen water albumin erythrocytes

water

Which of the following contains oxygen-poor blood? left atrium pulmonary vein pulmonary artery left ventricle

pulmonary artery

The role of ventricles is to _____. pump blood through arteries pump blood through veins receive blood from an artery receive blood from a vein

pump blood through arteries

Emphysema damages the tissues of the lungs and increases peripheral resistance, forcing the heart to increase its contraction strength to compensate. In which of the following would changes first be detectable? right atrium aorta left atrium right ventricle

right ventricle

In a fish, the cardiovascular system has a _____ pump, whereas in a mammal, it has a _____ pump. single ... double quadruple ... double single ... quadruple double ... quadruple

single ... double

The ______, or pacemaker, initiates the heartbeat by generating electrical impulses that spread across both atria.

sinoatrial (SA) node

When the ventricles contract, _____ snap closed.

the atrioventricular (AV) valves

During the diastole phase of the cardiac cycle, _____. the heart is relaxed and all of the valves are open the atrioventricular valves are open and the semilunar valves are closed the atrioventricular valves are closed and the semilunar valves are open the heart is relaxed and all of the valves are closed

the atrioventricular valves are open and the semilunar valves are closed

What is meant by the term stroke? an abnormally low number of red blood cells the death of brain tissue as a result of the blockage of blood flow to the head the spread of cancer cells from the site of a tumor to other sites in the body the death of heart muscle as a result of the blockage of coronary arteries

the death of brain tissue as a result of the blockage of blood flow to the head

Heart valves function to _____. keep blood moving forward through the heart slow blood down as it passes through the heart control the amount of blood pumped by the heart mix blood thoroughly as it passes through the heart

keep blood moving forward through the heart

Which chamber(s) of the heart hold(s) oxygen-rich blood? left ventricle and left atrium left atrium only right atrium and right ventricle both left and right atria

left ventricle and left atrium

The red bone marrow has two different types of stem cells that can differentiate into blood cells. These stem cells are _____. lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells eosinophils and monocytes multipotent stem cells and lymphocytes erythrocytes and lymphocytes

lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells

Which of the following is a type of white blood cell? leukocyte monocyte erythrocyte platelet

monocyte

From the capillaries of the abdominal organs and hind limbs, blood flows to the _____. right atrium left atrium aorta capillaries of the lungs posterior vena cava

posterior vena cava

Which of the following components is not found in all circulatory systems? A cavity within the body that allows organs to be bathed directly in blood A network of blood vessels through which blood travels to all parts of the body Blood A "heart" that pumps fluid throughout the body

A cavity within the body that allows organs to be bathed directly in blood

During a heartbeat, the AV node _____. delays the signal from the pacemaker to cardiac muscle fibers relays electrical signals to the apex of the heart triggers strong contractions that propel blood from the heart sets the pace of the heart

delays the signal from the pacemaker to cardiac muscle fibers

The open circulatory system _____. restricts the backflow of blood by valves in the trachea does not rely on muscle contraction is less common in grasshoppers and other insects than in mice and snakes allows interstitial fluid to mix freely with vascular fluid

allows interstitial fluid to mix freely with vascular fluid

Which of the following organisms has an open circulatory system? a human a bird an insect a whale

an insect

A recording of the electrical activity of a patient's heart shows that the atria are contracting regularly and normally, but every few beats the ventricles fail to contract. Which of the following is probably functioning improperly? AV node semilunar valve coronary artery pacemaker

AV node

Chronic high blood pressure contributes to _____. heart attack risk risk of kidney failure All of the listed responses are correct. stroke risk

All of the listed responses are correct.

Which artery supplies the frog's head with oxygenated blood? Systemic arch Pulmocutaneous arch Carotid arch

Carotid arch

Which statement regarding the direction of blood flow and the oxygen content of blood vessels is true? Pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart. The pulmonary artery carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs. Arteries move blood to the atria of the heart. Veins transport blood from the heart to the capillaries.

Pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart.

Which of the following organisms has an open circulatory system? Spiders Squid Dogs Earthworms

Spiders

The _____ has(have) the thinnest walls. aorta capillaries posterior vena cava pulmonary artery right ventricle

capillaries

The blood vessels with the thinnest walls are the _____. arteries arterioles capillaries venules

capillaries

During the phase of the cardiac cycle called ________ , the entire heart is relaxed and blood flows into all four chambers.

diastole

How do oxygen and carbon dioxide cross capillary walls? endocytosis diffusion exocytosis osmosis

diffusion

Which of these transport oxygen? monocytes platelets erythrocytes basophils

erythrocytes

At maturity, _____ lack nuclei. smooth muscle cells skeletal muscle cells eosinophils erythrocytes

erythrocytes Erythrocytes lack both nuclei and mitochondria.

At the arteriole end of a capillary, blood pressure _____ osmotic pressure so that there is a net flow of fluid _____ the capillary; at the venous end, blood pressure _____ osmotic pressure so that there is a net flow of fluid _____ the capillary. is less than ... out of ... exceeds ... into exceeds ... out of ... is less than ... into exceeds ... out of ... exceeds ... into exceeds ... into ... is less than ... out of

exceeds ... out of ... is less than ... into

Closed circulatory systems _____. have capillaries lack a heart lack veins lack blood

have capillaries

A defective heart valve can be identified by the sound of a(n) ____.

heart murmur

What total information is necessary to calculate the cardiac output of the heart? liters of blood pumped per minute the amount of blood exiting the ventricle with each beat the volume of blood in the circulatory system the number of beats per minute

liters of blood pumped per minute

When the epithelium that lines a blood vessel is damaged, _____ adhere to the exposed tissue and begin to form a plug that helps stop blood loss. platelets fibrin fibrinogen heparin

platelets

Precapillary sphincters _____. control how much blood leaves a capillary bed control how much blood enters a particular capillary bed regulate the distribution of blood in capillary beds control how much blood enters digestive tissues

regulate the distribution of blood in capillary beds

Which of the following correctly traces a drop of blood through the circulatory system? left ventricle, lungs, right atrium, right ventricle, body, left atrium left ventricle, lungs, left atrium, right ventricle, body, right atrium right ventricle, lungs, right atrium, left ventricle, body, left atrium right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, body, right atrium

right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, body, right atrium The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs, and the blood returns to the left atrium. The left atrium empties into the left ventricle, which is the large muscular chamber that pumps blood to the rest of the body. Veins returning blood to the heart empty into the two venae cavae, which return blood to the right atrium.

Which of these increases your risk of cardiovascular disease? a diet low in cholesterol smoking exercise a diet low in saturated fat

smoking

The contraction of _____ muscle will inhibit the flow of blood into an arteriole. smooth striated skeletal cardiac

smooth

During the phase of the cardiac cycle called _______ , the heart contracts beginning with the atria and then the ventricles.

systole

Ventricles contract during _____. at the same time that atria contract diastole systole the time the semilunar valves close

systole

Atrial systole lasts approximately _____. 0.3 second 0.1 second 0.4 second 1 second

0.1 second

Which of the following blood pressure readings would be considered to be indicative of hypertension? 135/70 130/90 120/80 120/110

120/110 A diastolic pressure of greater than 90 mmHg is high blood pressure.

What is the cardiac output of a person whose pulse is 80 beats per minute with a stroke volume of 60 milliliters per beat? 4,000 ml 60 140 4,800 ml

4,800 ml

Why do leukemia patients sometimes need a bone marrow transplant? Leukemia treatments, including chemotherapy and radiation, destroy the patient's own marrow. A bone marrow transplant may be needed to counteract the increase in white blood cell count with a greater number of red blood cells. Leukemia causes a person's own bone marrow to stop producing erythrocytes. If the patient does not respond to standard chemotherapy and radiation treatments, a bone marrow transplant is another treatment option.

If the patient does not respond to standard chemotherapy and radiation treatments, a bone marrow transplant is another treatment option.

Which of the following statements best describes the function of the left side of the ventricle? It collects oxygenated blood from the lungs. It pumps oxygenated blood around the body via the systemic circuit. It pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmocutaneous circuit. It collects deoxygenated blood from the lungs.

It pumps oxygenated blood around the body via the systemic circuit.

Which of the following statements best describes the function of the left ventricle? It collects deoxygenated blood from the lungs. It collects oxygenated blood from the lungs. It pumps oxygenated blood around the body via the systemic circulation. It pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary circulation.

It pumps oxygenated blood around the body via the systemic circulation.

Which of the following statements about blood circulation in humans is true? As the right ventricle contracts, it sends oxygenated blood through the aorta to all tissues of the body. During one cardiac cycle, the two ventricles contract first, and then the two atria contract. Deoxygenated blood flowing through the pulmonary veins is carried to the right atrium. Valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria and ventricles.

Valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria and ventricles. Valves are flaps of tissue that close when the ventricles contract to prevent the backflow of blood into the atria and also when the ventricles relax to prevent the backflow of blood from exiting vessels to the ventricles.

In which of the following are you likely to find oxygen-rich blood? aorta right atrium pulmonary artery right ventricle

aorta

In which of the following blood vessels are pressure and velocity highest? arteries veins capillaries aorta

aorta

Your blood pressure is 120/70. The "120" indicates _____, and the "70" indicates _____. arterial pressure ... venous pressure pressure in the left ventricle ... pressure in the right ventricle pressure in the left ventricle ... pressure in the left atrium arterial pressure during heart contraction ... arterial pressure during heart relaxation

arterial pressure during heart contraction ... arterial pressure during heart relaxation

How do arteries regulate blood flow? by constricting or relaxing their smooth muscle layer by allowing blood to flow back to the heart at low velocity and pressure by shifting blood flow toward or away from the surface of the body through the use of one-way valves that permit blood flow only toward the heart

by constricting or relaxing their smooth muscle layer

Carbon dioxide enters the blood at the _____. capillaries of the lungs capillaries of the abdominal organs capillaries of the hind limbs capillaries of the head and forelimbs capillaries of the head, forelimbs, abdominal organs, and hind limbs

capillaries of the head, forelimbs, abdominal organs, and hind limbs

From the capillaries of the abdominal organs and hind limbs, blood flows to the _____. right atrium left atrium aorta capillaries of the lungs inferior vena cava

inferior vena cava

Where does blood go directly after it leaves the inferior vena cava? into the capillaries of the upper body into the right atrium into the lungs into the pulmonary artery

into the right atrium

From the pulmonary veins, blood flows to the _____. right atrium left atrium aorta capillaries of the lungs inferior vena cava

left atrium

From the pulmonary veins, blood flows to the _____. right atrium left atrium aorta capillaries of the lungs posterior vena cava

left atrium

Blood returns to the heart via the _____. aorta pulmonary arteries pulmonary veins aorta and pulmonary arteries aorta and pulmonary veins

pulmonary veins Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

From the anterior vena cava, blood flows to the _____. right atrium left atrium aorta capillaries of the lungs posterior vena cava

right atrium

From the superior vena cava, blood flows to the _____. right atrium left atrium aorta capillaries of the lungs inferior vena cava

right atrium Blood enters the right atrium from the superior and inferior venae cavae.

The SA node generates an electrical impulse from its location in the _____. right atrium, causing atrial contraction left atrium, causing ventricular contraction left ventricle wall, from which the impulse is carried to specialized muscle fibers that relay the signals to the tips of the ventricles left ventricle, causing atrial contraction

right atrium, causing atrial contraction

Which answer choice lists the correct order of blood flow? right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary vein, lungs, pulmonary artery, left atrium, left ventricle right atrium, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle left ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, right atrium, right ventricle

right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle

The distribution of blood to capillaries is controlled by _____. aortic blood pressure smooth muscle that regulates the flow of blood from arteries into arterioles and the precapillary sphincters that regulate the flow of blood from arterioles into capillaries smooth muscle that regulates the flow of blood into venules valves that are found at the junction of arterioles and capillaries

smooth muscle that regulates the flow of blood from arteries into arterioles and the precapillary sphincters that regulate the flow of blood from arterioles into capillaries

During systole of the ventricles, _____. both the AV and semilunar valves open the AV valves open and the semilunar valves close the AV valves close and the semilunar valves open both the AV and semilunar valves close

the AV valves close and the semilunar valves open

When the heart beats, a "lub-dup" sound pattern is heard. What causes the "lub" sound? the closure of the semilunar valves during systole a defect in one or more of the heart valves the recoil of blood against the closed AV valves during systole the closure of the semilunar valves during diastole

the recoil of blood against the closed AV valves during systole

Pressure is greatest in the ventricles when _____. oxygen-rich blood arrives at the right ventricle the ventricles contract AV valves are open and semilunar valves are closed oxygen-rich blood arrives at the left atrium

the ventricles contract