Bio Chapter 11 Quiz

For variation to be a meaningful contribution to evolution, what must be true? A. The traits that vary in ways meaningful to evolution have genetic components. B. The variation must only happen as a result of genetic mutation. C. The traits that vary in ways meaningful to evolution have purely non-genetic components.

A. The traits that vary in ways meaningful to evolution have genetic components.

A heritable trait that confers on an individual a survival and reproduction advantage in its current environment is called what? A. an adaptation B. a handicap C. a mutation

A. an adaptation

No one is quite sure how eukaryotic cells first appeared on Earth. Three hypotheses have been proposed for ongoing study: the eukaryote-first hypothesis, the nucleus-first hypothesis, and _________. A. an hypothesis that begins with mitochondria developing in a prokaryotic cell that later acquired a nucleus B. an hypothesis that begins with mitochondria developing in a eukaryotic cell that later lost its nucleus C. an hypothesis that begins with mitochondria changing into a nucleus in a prokaryotic cell

A. an hypothesis that begins with mitochondria developing in a prokaryotic cell that later acquired a nucleus

Evidence believed to support the theory of evolution fall into which major categories? A. fossil record, homologous structures, biogeography, and molecular biology B. fossil record, homologous structures, astrobiology, and geophysics C. fossil record, homologous structures, biogeography, and astrobiology

A. fossil record, homologous structures, biogeography, and molecular biology

Endosymbiont theory is well-accepted for one evolutionary process but controversial for explaining another. What are these two processes, respectively? A. horizontal gene transfer via gene fusion and eukaryotic nucleus development B. eukaryotic nucleus development and horizontal gene transfer via gene fusion C. horizontal gene transfer via gene fusion and mitochondria formation

A. horizontal gene transfer via gene fusion and eukaryotic nucleus development

In which of the following pairs do both evolutionary processes introduce new genetic variation into a population? A. mutation and gene flow B. natural selection and gene flow C. gene flow and genetic drift D. natural selection and genetic drift

A. mutation and gene flow

The primary pressure on species to change over time is what? A. natural selection B. mutation C. adaptation

A. natural selection

The theory of evolution states that: A. organism populations can change physically over long periods of time B. better adapted organism reproduce at a higher rate C. organisms change by acquired characteristics

A. organism populations can change physically over long periods of time

Which situation would most likely lead to allopatric speciation? A. A mutation causes a new trait to develop. B. A flood causes the formation of a new lake. C. A storm causes several large trees to fall down. D. An injury causes an organism to seek out a new food source.

B. A flood causes the formation of a new lake.

Which of the following best describes evolution? A. It is the tendency for species to remain unchanged over successive generations. B. It is the change in heritable traits in living populations over successive generations. C. It is the change in heritable traits in living populations over a single generation

B. It is the change in heritable traits in living populations over successive generations.

What is the difference between micro- and macroevolution? A. Microevolution describes the evolution of small organisms, such as insects, while macroevolution describes the evolution of large organisms, like people and elephants. B. Microevolution describes the evolution of populations, while macroevolution describes the emergence of new species over long periods of time. C. Microevolution describes the evolution of microscopic entities, such as molecules and proteins, while macroevolution describes the evolution of whole organisms. D. Microevolution describes the evolution of organisms over their lifetimes, while macroevolution describes the evolution of organisms over multiple generations.

B. Microevolution describes the evolution of populations, while macroevolution describes the emergence of new species over long periods of time.

Two populations of crickets have stopped interbreeding over time, although they reside in the same geographic region. What is one possible explanation? A. Autopolyploidy has occurred, and the species are separated by a sympatric barrier. B. They have developed a temporal isolation, a kind of prezygotic barrier. C. They have experienced reinforcement because of reconnection at a hybrid zone.

B. They have developed a temporal isolation, a kind of prezygotic barrier.

Which of the following situations will lead to natural selection? A. Male lions compete for the right to mate with females, with only one possible winner. B. all of the above C. Two types of fish eat the same kind of food, and one is better able to gather food than the other. D. The seeds of two plants land near each other and one grows larger than the other.

B. all of the above

The wing of a bird and the wing of an insect are examples of _________ structures A. isologous B. analogous C. homologous

B. analogous

A scientist finds a new organism that may be either a bird or a bat, but it is not clear which group it belongs to. He is pretty sure that the organism has analogous structures with bats and homologous structures with birds, as suggested by genomic data. The organism has one trait that is shared with bats but not birds. Which group should he choose for the new organism and why? A. birds because of the homologous structures; the trait shared only with bats is ancestral B. birds because of the homologous structures; the trait shared only with bats is derived C. bats because of the analogous structures; the trait shared only with bats is ancestral

B. birds because of the homologous structures; the trait shared only with bats is derived

Mendel discovered that whether his peas were yellow or green is determined by a single gene in which yellow (Y) is dominant over green (y). Assuming low selective pressure, what does the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium frequency term 2pq represent in the peas? A. homozygous dominant, YY B. heterozygous, Yy C. homozygous recessive, yy

B. heterozygous, Yy

A scientist has discovered a new organism and wishes to classify it based on morphology and genetics. While he is waiting on the genomic data, he analyzes the morphological data. The new organism has homologous structures to birds and analogous structures to bats. However, he observes one trait that is shared with bats but not birds. What should he do? (Outcome #4b) A. tentatively group it with bats and speculate that the trait shared only with bats is an ancestral rather than a derived trait. B. tentatively group it with birds and speculate that the trait shared only with bats is a derived rather than an ancestral trait C. tentatively group it with bats because he observes both analogous traits with bats and a shared ancestral trait with bats

B. tentatively group it with birds and speculate that the trait shared only with bats is a derived rather than an ancestral trait

The development of evolutionary theory is credited to Charles Darwin and ______. A. James Hutton B. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck C. Alfred Russell Wallace

C. Alfred Russell Wallace

Two organisms mate and have offspring. How could you test to see if the parents were the same species? A. Test to see if the offspring resembles one of the parents or the other more B. Test to see if the offspring have characteristics intermediate to both parents C. Test to see if the offspring are fertile

C. Test to see if the offspring are fertile

A scientist finds what she thinks is a new species of rodent on a small Pacific island. However, some similar-looking rodents inhabit some nearby islands. She mates the new rodent with the nearby rodents and gets viable but infertile offspring. Why? A. The old and new rodents underwent vicariance, and their hybrid offspring were sterilized by adaptive radiation. B. The new and old rodents are both allopolyploid after undergoing sympatric speciation. C. The new rodents probably derive from fairly recent ancestors that experienced dispersive allopatric speciation.

C. The new rodents probably derive from fairly recent ancestors that experienced dispersive allopatric speciation.

Two very similar rodent populations are found on two Pacific islands near to one another. A scientist decides to mate some of the rodents and gets viable but sterile offspring. Why? A. The rodents on one island are from recent ancestors that experienced sympatric speciation after allopolyploidy developed in their recent ancestors. B. The offspring were rendered infertile by adaptive radiation, and their parents experienced vicariance. C. The rodents on one island are from recent ancestors that experienced allopatric speciation after a dispersive separation from the rodents on the other island.

C. The rodents on one island are from recent ancestors that experienced allopatric speciation after a dispersive separation from the rodents on the other island.

Who else discovered natural selection at the time Darwin was ready to publish his theory? A. Watson B. Mendel C. Wallace

C. Wallace

The fact that DNA sequences are more similar in more closely related organisms is evidence of what? A. adaptation B. optimal design in organisms C. descent with modification D. mutation

C. descent with modification

The word "theory" in theory of evolution is best replaced by ________. A. alternate explanation B. idea C. fact or explanation D. hypothesis

C. fact or explanation

Galápagos medium ground finches are found on Santa Cruz and San Cristóbal islands, which are separated by about 100 km of ocean. Occasionally, individuals from either island fly to the other island to stay. This can alter the allele frequencies of the population through which of the following mechanisms? A. genetic drift B. natural selection C. gene flow D. mutation

C. gene flow

Which variable increases the likelihood of allopatric speciation taking place more quickly? A. lower rate of mutation B. equivalent numbers of individuals in each population C. longer distance between divided groups D. increased instances of hybrid formation

C. longer distance between divided groups

Which scientific concept did Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace independently discover? A. overbreeding B. mutation C. natural selection D. sexual reproduction

C. natural selection

Individual differences with a genetic basis lead to ______ in successive generations. A. normalization B. extinction C. variation

C. variation

Which situation would most likely lead to allopatric speciation? A. A storm causes several large trees to fall down. B. An injury causes an organism to seek out a new food source. C. A mutation causes a new trait to develop. D. A flood causes the formation of a new lake.

D. A flood causes the formation of a new lake.

What is the main difference between dispersal and vicariance? A. One leads to allopatric speciation, whereas the other leads to sympatric speciation. B. One depends on a genetic mutation occurring, whereas the other does not. C. One involves closely related organisms, whereas the other involves only individuals of the same species. D. One involves the movement of the organism, whereas the other involves a change in the environment.

D. One involves the movement of the organism, whereas the other involves a change in the environment.

The wing of a bird and the arm of a human are examples of ________. A. analogous structures B. molecular structures C. vestigial structures D. homologous structures

D. homologous structures

Population genetics is the study of ________. A. the rate of population growth B. populations of cells in an individual C. how genes affect embryological development D. how allele frequencies in a population change over time

D. how allele frequencies in a population change over time

Why are alternative scientific theories to evolution not taught in public school? A. more theories would confuse students B. alternative scientific theories are suppressed by the science establishment C. it is against the law D. there are no viable scientific alternatives

D. there are no viable scientific alternatives