Bio Chapter 12

In a homozygous recessive individual the probability of the dominant allele being present is

0

In a heterozygous individual, the probability of a recessive allele being present in a gamete is

0.5

Place the three stages of Mendel's experiments in the correct order from first (on top) to last.

1. allowing plants to self cross to ensure they are true breeding 2. reciprocal crosses between true breeding varieties 3. allowing hybrid offspring to self fertilize

When performing a monohybrid cross, Mendel noticed that not all individuals in the F2 generation were true breeding. What proportion were not?

1/2 of the F2 individuals exhibiting the dominant form were not true breeding.

A 3:1 phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross represents this genotypic ratio:

1;2;1

A Punnett square for a single trait should be set up as a ______ square (Not counting the squares for parental gametes).

2 X 2

What was the ratio that Mendel observed between dominant and recessive traits in the F2 offspring of a monohybrid cross?

3 dominant:1 recessive

This ratio is obtained in the F2 generation of a dihybrid cross when alleles assort independently from one another.

9:3:3:1

Which of the following is an example of a testcross?

AaBb x aabb

Which of the following is NOT one of the three main stages that Mendel conducted his experiments in?

Back crosses between F1 and P individuals

What type of cross follows the simultaneous inheritance of two different traits?

Dihybrid Cross

A(n) ----cross follows the simultaneous inheritance of two different characters.

Dilybrid

Choose the 4 reasons that contributed to Mendel selecting the garden pea as his experimental subject.

Earlier investigators had produced hybrid peas. The garden pea had a relatively short generation time. Garden peas can self-fertilize. There were a large number of pure varieties.

In a typical monohybrid cross, all of the offspring in which generation will exhibit a single trait without blending?

F1

True or false: Due to the diploid nature of eukaryotic cells, a gene can never have more than two alleles in a population of organisms.

False

true or false: Due to the diploid nature of eukaryotic cells, a gene can never have more than two alleles in a population of organisms.

False

Choose the 4 reasons that contributed to Mendel selecting the garden pea as his experimental subject.

Garden peas can self-fertilize. There were a large number of pure varieties. The garden pea had a relatively short generation time. Earlier investigators had produced hybrid peas.

What distinguished Mendel's results from earlier investigators?

He quantified his results.

What type of experiment involves mating two individuals with different characteristics to each other? One individual provides females gametes, while the other provides male gametes.

Hybridization

Which of the following statements about the number of alleles a gene can have is true?

In a population of organisms, a gene can be represented by more than two alleles.

This law states that in a dihybrid cross, the segregation of different allele pairs is independent.

Law of Independent assortment

Which of these are not reasons that Mendel chose to study the garden pea:

Long generation time They were inexpensive to buy

Multiplication rule, addition rule

Multiplication rule---- used for independent events addition rule ------ used for mutually exclusive events.

A trait that has multiple genes contributing to its expression is known as which of the following?

Polygenic trait

Which of the following takes place automatically within an individual garden pea plant if it is not disturbed?

Self-fertilization

How can two pea plants be cross-fertilized?

The male parts of flowers on one plants are removed and pollen from the other plant is introduced.

Mendel's work involved quantitative experiments and careful analysis of the offspring carrying specific traits. He paid the most attention to which of the following?

The numbers of every different type of offspring

Which of these are not reasons that Mendel chose to study the garden pea

They were inexpensive to buy Long generation time

Which term is used to refer to plant varieties in which offspring produced from self-fertilization remain uniform from one generation to the next.

True-breeding

Which of these blood phenotypes is NOT properly matched with the sugar exhibited on red blood cells?

Type O - have galactosamine and galactose

The law of independent assortment states that in a dihybrid cross, the ----of each gene assort independently.

alleles

Mendel was able to produce hybrids in pea plant by using a technique called -----pollination.

cross

Mendel was able to produce hybrids in pea plant by using a technique called ----pollination.

cross

An individual's total set of alleles for a particular trait is called his/he

genotype

An individual's total set of alleles for a particular trait is called his/her---

genotype

An individual's total set of alleles for a particular trait is called his/her----

genotype

Pedigree analysis is typically used for studying:

human traits that follow simple inheritance patterns

A 9:3:3:1 ratio is obtained in the F2 generation of a dihybrid cross when alleles assort ----from one another.

individually

A cross in which only a single trait is considered is called a(n) ----cross or single factor cross.

monohybrid

A cross in which only a single trait is considered is called a(n)--- cross or single factor cross.

monohybrid

An experimental cross where only a single characteristic is considered (for example, flower color) is called

monohybrid

The inheritance patterns of many traits are (more or less) complex than simple Mendelian patterns.

more

In order to determine the likelihood of having a flipped coin come up on heads three times in a row, you would use the

multiplication rule

In the monohybrid crosses performed by Mendel, the F1 plants always displayed ____.

one trait

Which of the following plants was the main organism for Mendel's genetic experiments?

pea

This analysis is appropriate for studying traits, such as genetic diseases, that follow simple Mendelian patterns:

pedigree

The physical appearance or other observable characteristic of an individual is called his/her---

phenotype

Sickle cell anemia is caused by a ----allele because this mutation has more than one effect on the phenotype.

pleiotropic

An allele that has more than one effect on phenotype is called

pleiotropic.

Human height is an example of a trait that has a continuous distribution of phenotypes. Human height is therefore an example of---- inheritance.

polygenic

A(n) ----square can be used to predict the outcome of a simple genetic cross.

punnett

Coat color in Siamese cats and Himalayan rabbits is influenced by

temperature

The cross of an individual who has a dominant phenotype with an individual who is homozygous recessive for that gene is known as a

testcross

In order for Mendel's simple ratios to hold true, the following assumption must be made:

that the traits are inherited independently

in order for Mendel's simple ratios to hold true, the following assumption must be made:

that the traits are inherited independently

In Mendel's experiments, he observed a 3:1 ratio between dominant and recessive traits in

the F2 generation of monohybrid crosses.

A pea plant with green seeds is allowed to self hybridize. All of the resulting offspring plants produce green seeds as well. That plant is therefore considered to be

true-breeding plant

A pea plant with green seeds is allowed to self hybridize. All of the resulting offspring plants produce green seeds as well. That plant is therefore considered to be a

true-breeding plant

If a particular gene in a population has multiple alleles, how many alleles of that gene will a diploid individual possess?

two

A hybridization experiment involves mating

two individuals with different characteristics to each other

Match these four blood phenotypes with the sugar exhibited on red blood cells:

type A --- have galactosamine type B --- have galactose Type AB ----- have galactosamine and galactose Type O --- have neither sugar

A temperature-sensitive version of the enzyme ----is responsible for the pattern of fur color in Siamese cats

tyrosinae

A Punnett square has rows and columns which represent gametes made by males and females. At the intersection of each row and column we combine the corresponding gametes to produce the genotype of a potential--

zygote

A Punnett square has rows and columns which represent gametes made by males and females. At the intersection of each row and column we combine the corresponding gametes to produce the genotype of a potential---

zygote

A Punnett square has rows and columns which represent gametes made by males and females. At the intersection of each row and column we combine the corresponding gametes to produce the genotype of a potential----

zygote