Bio chapter 16 questions

A young male baboon leaves the troop that he was born in and joins a small neighboring troop of small baboons. He quickly rises to become a dominant male. From an evolutionary point of view, what important process has occurred? a. Gene flow b. Nonrandom mating c. The bottleneck effect d. Natural selection e. Genetic drift

a

As predator and prey species acquire new adaptations to help them survive the constant "arms race" between them, what evolutionary phenomenon is occurring? a. Coevolution b. Competition c. Artificial selection d. Genetic drift e. Sexual selection

a

The elaborate courtship displays common among animals are the result of a. sexual selection. b. spontaneous mutations. c. disruptive selection. d. stabilizing selection. e. random mating.

a

Zoos often loan animals to other zoos for breeding purposes. From an evolutionary standpoint, what is the benefit? a. It increases the genetic diversity of the zoo's population. b. It creates a bottleneck effect. c. It increases the rate of random mutations. d. New animals increase zoo revenues. e. It increases the effects of natural selection on the population.

a

A bacterial allele that provides resistance to the antibiotic streptomycin is a. beneficial to the cell in the presence of any antibiotic. b. beneficial to the cell in the presence of streptomycin. c. always detrimental to the cell. d. neither beneficial nor detrimental to the cell. e. always beneficial to the bacterial cell.

b

A population is defined as a. all individuals of all species located throughout the world. b. all individuals of the same species located in a given geographic region. c. all individuals of all species located in a given country. d. all individuals of the same species located throughout the world. e. those individuals of the same species that have an identical genetic makeup.

b

Mutations a. are caused by natural selection. b. can be helpful, neutral, or harmful to individuals. c. limit the potential for evolution. d. arise due to environmental pressures.

b

The Pennsylvania Amish have a very high frequency of an unusual allele that results in short arms and legs and extra fingers. This high frequency is thought to be the result of a. a population bottleneck. b. the founder effect. c. the addition of new members to an already established population. d. coevolution. e. nonrandom mutations.

b

The gene pool for a particular population is made up of a. all the genes for a certain trait that occur in the population. b. all the genes that occur in the population. c. the sum of all the homozygous individuals in the population. d. all the alleles for a certain trait in a given individual. e. the sum of all the heterozygous individuals in the population.

b

When a species lives in a constant environment for a long time, the "average type" of individual may have the best chance of surviving and producing the most offspring. What type of selection is occurring? a. Sexual b. Stabilizing c. Directional d. Artificial e. Disruptive

b

A new predator is introduced to an area that can feed on any millipedes shorter than 200 millimeters. No millipedes that live in that area are longer than 15 millimeters. What will happen? a. Directional selection will favor predators that consume the smallest millipedes. b. The millipedes will necessarily mutate to be longer. c. All millipedes will be potential prey. d. Disruptive selection will favor 15-millimeter-long millipedes. e. Millipedes will necessarily evolve to avoid the predator.

c

If the tallest and shortest individuals of a population of humans do not survive and reproduce as well as the individuals of "average" height, which type of selection would most likely result? a. Disruptive selection b. Artificial selection c. Stabilizing selection d. Directional selection

c

In general, each species of fruit fly in the Hawaiian archipelago is restricted to a single island. One hypothesis to explain this pattern is that new species formed after a small number of flies colonized each new island. This mechanism of speciation is called a. genetic equilibrium. b. sexual selection. c. the founder effect. d. assortative mating. e. artificial selection.

c

Inbreeding is defined as a. reproduction within a geographically isolated population. b. reproduction among unrelated individuals. c. sexual reproduction among closely related individuals. d. sexual reproduction in a large population. e. sexual population among unrelated individuals.

c

Mutations are important because they a. are always beneficial to the individuals affected by them. b. occur in response to environmental demands. c. provide variation that can result in evolutionary change. d. usually provide an individual with increased reproductive rates.

c

The allele frequency of a population is the a. sum of all genes in that population. b. number of all alleles in that population. c. relative proportion of a given allele in that population. d. number of different types of alleles in that population.

c

Which of the following can evolve? a. Communities b. Genes c. Populations d. Individuals

c

Based on the way natural selection works, what is the best way to make use of antibacterial soap? a. Never use it because bacteria will evolve to become resistant to it. b. Never use it because all bacteria are harmless. c. Always use it because it is unlikely that bacteria will evolve to become resistant to it. d. Use it only when you need to be free of bacterial contamination, so bacteria will be less likely to evolve resistance to it. e. Always use it because most bacteria will cause illness.

d

Habitat loss, natural catastrophes, and/or excessive harvesting of a species often result in a. increased fitness of individuals. b. increased mutation rates. c. artificial selection. d. population bottlenecks. e. increased gene flow.

d

Imagine that a mutation for red eye color becomes very common in a population of flies because female flies in this population prefer to mate with red-eyed males. This is an example of a. directional selection. b. stabilizing selection. c. disruptive selection. d. sexual selection. e. genetic drift.

d

In the context of evolution, equilibrium means a. no change in population size. b. equal numbers of males and females. c. no individuals move into or out of the population. d. no change in allele frequency. e. equal numbers of all alleles.

d

The process by which allele frequencies are altered in a small population due to chance is called a. random evolution. b. random mutation. c. fitness. d. genetic drift. e. assortative evolution.

d

Imagine that one of the original four mice that escape from a research lab is blind due to a genetic defect. If the escaped mouse breeds and most of the mice born in subsequent generations are blind from birth, this is most likely a case of a. an equilibrium population. b. natural selection. c. selective mutation. d. artificial selection. e. the founder effect.

e

In a very small population of birds, assume 5 out of 20 alleles are the type that codes for blue feathers. What is the allele frequency of the "blue feather allele" in this population? a. 5 b. 0.20 c. 0.40 d. 0.50 e. 0.25

e