bio chapter 3 study module

dna

In eukaryotic cells, all of the following organelles except one are located in the cytoplasm. Name the exception. Chlorophyll supplements Lysosomes Rough endoplasmic reticulum DNA Mitochondria

exocytosis

Substance R is too large to diffuse across the cell membrane or to be transported across by a protein. Molecules of Substance R can, however, cross the membrane and exit the cell. By which of the listed processes do they cross? Exocytosis Endocytosis Osmosis Active transport Facilitated diffusion

many double bonds between carbon atoms

A polyunsaturated fat contains which of the following? Many double bonds between carbon atoms Few water molecules attached to the carbon atoms No double bonds between carbon atoms Many double bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms A few double bonds between carbon atoms

hydrophilic; outward

In the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane, the heads of the phospholipids are ___________ and face ___________. hydrophilic; inward hydrophobic; outward hydrophobic; inward hydrophilic; outward hydrophobic; inward and outward

diarrhea

Many people believe that probiotics will help them stay healthy. For which health problems is the evidence strongest that these substances may be effective? Diarrhea High blood pressure High cholesterol Colon cancer prevention Acne

it relies on concentration gradients

Some molecules, such as glucose, require proteins for transport across the cell membrane. This method does not require energy. Why is this form of transport a type of diffusion? It relies on concentration gradients. It involves hydrophobic molecules. It requires protein carriers. It involves the movement of molecules. It requires protein pumps powered by ATP.

Molecules of X will move inside the cell, and molecules of Z wll move outside the cell until equilibrium is reached.

Substance X is more concentrated outside the cell than inside the cell. Substance Z is more concentrated inside the cell than outside the cell. Assume that both substances can pass freely through the cell membrane. Over time, what will happen? Molecules of X will move inside the cell, and molecules of Z wll move outside the cell until equilibrium is reached. Molecules of X will remain outside the cell, and molecules of Z wll remain inside the cell until equilibrium is reached. Molecules of both substances will move inside the cell because of osmosis. Molecules of both substances will move outside the cell because of osmosis. Molecules of both substances will remain where they are because they are at equilibrium.

vitamin d

Sven has moved to a town near the Arctic Circle, an area that receives relatively little sunlight. Sven eats a very healthy diet. His doctor tells him, however, "Now that you live in this part of the world, you should take a vitamin supplement." Which of the following vitamin supplements should Sven take? Vitamin C Multivitamins Calcium Folic acid Vitamin D

water, carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

We eat to gain macronutrients. What substances are included in the term macronutrients? Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins Water, carbohydrates, fats, and proteins Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids Water and vitamins Water, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals

those that the body cannot synthesize

What are essential amino acids? Those that are included in complete proteins. Those that the body cannot synthesize. Those that the body needs to rebuild structural elements of cells. Those that the body must synthesize. Those that add to muscle mass.

rough er has ribosomes attached to it; smooth er does not

What is the important structural difference between rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and smooth ER? Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it; smooth ER does not. Smooth ER has DNA attached to it; rough ER does not. Smooth ER has a lipid membrane; rough ER does not. Rough ER is found within the nucleus; smooth ER is in the cytoplasm. Smooth ER is found within the nucleus; rough ER is in the cytoplasm.

they serve as coenzymes to speed up chemical reactions

What role do vitamins play in the body? They help maintain fluid balance They serve as coenzymes to increase reproduction They serve as coenzymes to speed up chemical reactions. They direct proteins to Golgi apparatus. They help build muscle and bone.

the movement of water across the cell membrane

When placed in solutions with different concentrations of salt, animal cells may change their shape. Which of these processes determines whether the cells expand, shrink, or remain the same shape? The movement of water across the cell membrane The movement of water across the cell wall The movement of ions across the cell membrane The movement of salts across the cell membrane The movement of large molecules across the cell membrane

hydrophilic molecules and charged molecules

Which choice shows the substances that rely on facilitated diffusion to cross the cell membrane? Hydrophilic molecules and charged molecules Carbon dioxide, water, and oxygen Water, large molecules, and carbon dioxide Oxygen and carbon dioxide Charged molecules, water, and oxygen

Movement of a solute down its concentration gradient with the help of membrane proteins

Which of the following best describes the process of facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane? Movement of a solute down its concentration gradient with the help of membrane proteins Movement of water from an area of higher solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration Movement of a solute against its concentration gradient with the help of membrane proteins Movement of a solute down its concentration gradient with the help of ATP Movement of a solute down its concentration gradient in the absence of membrane proteins

hydrogenation and margarine

Which of the following is a correct pairing between the commercial process that adds hydrogen atoms to unsaturated fats and one of its products? Hydrogenation and margarine Saturation and butter Trans fat production and energy bars Hydrogenation and butter Proteination and energy bars

ribosomes and protein assembly

Which of the following is a correct pairing of an organelle and its function? Nucleolus and lipid processing Smooth endoplasmic reticulum and synthesis of RNA Lysosome and energy production ribosomes and protein assembly Mitochondria contain digestive enzymes

antioxidants inhibit the effects of free radicals

Which of the following is a true statement regarding antioxidants? Antioxidants inhibit the effects of free radicals. Antioxidants promote the effects of free radicals. Antioxidants in processed food are beneficial. High doses of beta-carotene reduce the risk of lung cancer. Dark chocolate plays a role in slowing aging.

it consists of complex carbohydrates and provides bulk to feces

Which of the following is an accurate statement about roughage in the diet? It consists of complex carbohydrates and provides quick energy. It consists of simple sugars and helps fight infections. It consists of simple sugars and provides glucose, an essential nutrient. It consists of complex carbohydrates and provides bulk to feces It consists of disaccharides and helps maintain healthy cholesterol levels.

adenosine triphosphate

Which of the following molecules provides the energy that maintains concentration gradients across cell membranes? Adenosine triphosphate Glucose transporter Ribonucleic acid Deoxyribonucleic acid Active transport

centrioles

Which of the following organelles or structures is (are) present in animal cells but not in plant cells? Centrioles Lysosomes Rough endoplasmic reticulum Central vacuole Plasma membrane

glucose

Which of the following substances uses facilitated diffusion to cross the cell membrane? Glucose Oxygen Carbon dioxide Potassium ions Water

chloroplasts

Which of the listed organelles consists of a series of membranous sacs and contains pigment molecules? Chloroplasts Cytoskeletal elements Mitochondria Lysosomes Endoplasmic reticulum

minerals

Which of the listed substances does not contain carbon? Proteins Vitamins Minerals Lipids Polysaccharides

organelles

________ are to cells as organs are to the body. Cells Organelles Cell membranes Mitochondria Organs