Bio Chp 6

In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose breakdown? 1.ADP 2.FADH2 3.ATP 4.NADPH 5.Pyruvate

ATP

Why is the citric acid cycle called a cycle? 1.NADH is recycled in the electron transport chain. 2.Glucose is cycled around and resynthesized. 3.NAD+ and FAD are recycled. 4.Acetyl CoA binds to oxaloacetate and this compound is restored at the end of the cycle.

Acetyl CoA binds to oxaloacetate and this compound is restored at the end of the cycle

Which of these is NOT a product of glycolysis? 1.pyruvate 2.ATP 3.FADH2 4.water 5.NADH + H+

FADH2

A chemist has discovered a drug that blocks phosphoglucoisomerase, an enzyme that catalyzes the second reaction in glycolysis. He wants to use the drug to treat people with bacterial infections. However, he can't do this because _____. 1.human cells also perform glycolysis; the drug might also poison them 2.bacteria do not perform glycolysis 3.glycolysis produces so little ATP that the drug will have little effect 4.bacteria are facultative anaerobes; they usually don't need to perform glycolysis

Human cells also perform glycolysis; the drug might also poison them

Which of the following processes produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose oxidized? 1.aerobic respiration 2.lactic acid fermentation 3.alcoholic fermentation 4.All produce approximately the same amount of ATP per molecule of glucose.

aerobic respiration

A small amount of ATP is made in glycolysis _____. 1.when electrons and hydrogen atoms are transferred to NAD+ 2.by the transport of electrons through a series of carriers 3.using energy from the sun to perform photosynthesis 4.by the transfer of a phosphate group from a fragment of glucose to ADP (substrate-level phosphorylation)

by the transfer of a phosphate group from a fragment of glucose to ADP (substrate-level phosphorylation)

In an experiment, mice were fed glucose (C6H12O6) containing a small amount of radioactive oxygen. The mice were closely monitored, and in a few minutes, radioactive oxygen atoms showed up in __________. 1.water 2.carbon dioxide 3.ATP 4.NADH

carbon dioxide

Arsenic is a poison that binds to a molecule needed to build acetyl CoA. Based on this information, which part of cellular respiration would be stopped if arsenic were ingested? 1.glycolysis 2.electron transport chain 3.citric acid cycle 4.ATP synthase

citric acid cycle

Each turn of the citric acid cycle generates one ATP and ___ additional energy-rich molecules: __________. 1.three; 2 NADH and 1 FADH2 2.two; 1 NADH and 1 FADH2 3.four; 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 4.four; 2 NADH and 2 FADH2

four; 3 NADH and 1 FADH2

During cellular respiration _____ is oxidized and _____ is reduced. 1.glucose ... oxygen 2.ATP ... oxygen 3.oxygen ... ATP 4.carbon dioxide ... water

glucose ... oxygen

A molecule that functions as the electron donor in a redox reaction __________. 1.gains electrons and becomes oxidized 2.loses electrons and becomes reduced 3.loses electrons and becomes oxidized 4.gains electrons and becomes reduced

loses electrons and becomes oxidized

Primarily, cellular respiration serves to _____. 1.make ATP to power the cell's activities 2.break down toxic molecules 3.make food 4.produce cell structures from chemical building blocks

make ATP to power the cell's activities

Lungs are to breathing as _____ are to cellular respiration. 1.chloroplasts 2.mitochondria 3.bronchi 4.alveoli

mitochondria

The electron transport chain is a series of electron carrier molecules. In eukaryotes, where can this structure be found? 1.plasma membrane 2.smooth endoplasmic reticulum 3.mitochondria 4.rough endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondria

In cellular respiration, most ATP molecules are produced by _____. 1.photosynthesis 2.oxidative phosphorylation 3.substrate-level phosphorylation 4.cellular respiration 5.photophosphorylation

oxidative phosphorylation

The final electron acceptor of cellular respiration is _____. 1.NADH 2.water 3.CO2 4.FADH2 5.oxygen

oxygen

For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ NADH enter the electron transport chain. 1. 0 2. 4 3. 2 4. 6 5. 10

10

How many NADH are produced by glycolysis? 1. 4 2. 2 3. 5 4. 3 5. 1

2

In glycolysis there is a net gain of _____ ATP. 1. 3 2. 4 3. 2 4. 1 5. 5

2

Given the relatively modest number of calories burned by anything but the most vigorous activities, why can people consume over 2,000 kilocalories a day, yet maintain a healthy body weight? 1.Most of the energy consumed in food is spent maintaining the body's functions, so only a fraction of food energy needs to be burned in exercise. 2.They can't, and this has led to a problem of obesity in the United States. 3.People really should exercise vigorously for one to two hours per day. 4.Not all calories are created equal, so a person who consumes 2,000 kilocalories of sugar- and fat-laden processed food will gain weight, whereas a person who consumes 2,000 calories of nonprocessed, low-carbohydrate food will not.

Most of the energy consumed in food is spent maintaining the body's functions, so only a fraction of food energy needs to be burned in exercise.

During electron transport, energy from _____ is used to pump hydrogen ions into the _____. 1.NADH and FADH2 ... intermembrane space 2.acetyl CoA ... intermembrane space 3.NADH and FADH2 ... mitochondrial matrix 4.NADH ... intermembrane space 5.NADH ... mitochondrial matrix

NADH and FADH2 ... intermembrane space

During fermentation, __________ that was produced during glycolysis is converted back to __________. 1.pyruvate; CO2; pyruvate 2.NADH; NAD+ 3.NAD+; NADH 4.ATP; ADP

NADH; NAD+

What is the purpose of embedding the electron transport chain in the membrane of a cell? 1.Hydrogen ions (H+) are the only substances that can be pumped across this membrane. 2.NADH can donate electrons to an electron carrier only when it is embedded in a membrane. 3.The citric acid cycle can be compartmentalized from glycolysis. 4.The membrane is impermeable to H+.

The membrane is impermeable to H+

What is the ultimate fate of the electrons that are stripped from glucose during cellular respiration? 1.They are used to form water. 2.They are donated to NADH. 3.They result in the formation of heat. 4.They are used to form ATP by chemiosmosis.

They are used to form water

How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration? 1.The energy is coupled to oxygen. 2.They produce ATP. 3.They store it in molecules of carbon dioxide. 4.They produce glucose.

They produce ATP

The proximate (immediate) source of energy for oxidative phosphorylation is _____. 1.NADH and FADH2 2.ATP 3.kinetic energy that is released as hydrogen ions diffuse down their concentration gradient 4.substrate-level phosphorylation 5.ATP synthase

kinetic energy that is released as hydrogen ions diffuse down their concentration gradient

In muscle cells, fermentation produces _____. 1.pyruvate 2.carbon dioxide, ethanol, NAD+, and ATP 3.lactate and NAD+ 4.lactate and NADH 5.carbon dioxide, ethanol, NADH, and ATP

lactate and NAD+

Sports physiologists at an Olympic training center want to monitor athletes to determine at what point their muscles begin to function anaerobically. They could do this by checking for a buildup of _____. 1.ATP 2.lactic acid 3.carbon dioxide 4.ADP

lactic acid

A muscle cell deprived of molecular oxygen will convert glucose to lactic acid to __________. 1.recycle NADH through fermentation 2.gain energy through chemiosmosis 3.gain 2 ATP through glycolysis 4.transition into the citric acid cycle

recycle NADH through fermentation

In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by _____. 1.substrate-level phosphorylation 2.photosynthesis 3.oxidative phosphorylation 4.cellular respiration 5.photophosphorylation

substrate-level phosphorylation

Oxidative phosphorylation could not occur without glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, because _____. 1.the electron transport chain requires the ATP produced during the first two stages 2.these two stages provide the oxygen used as the final electron acceptor 3.these two stages provide the water that is split during oxidative phosphorylation 4.these two stages supply the electrons needed for the electron transport chain

these two stages supply the electrons needed for the electron transport chain

Fat is the most efficient molecule for long-term energy storage even compared to carbohydrates because _____. 1.fats can directly enter the electron transport chain, the phase of respiration that produces the most ATP 2.compared to carbohydrates, fat produces fewer toxic by-products when it is metabolized 3.when compacted, fat occupies less volume than an equivalent amount of carbohydrate 4.with their numerous hydrogen atoms, fats provide an abundant source of high-energy electrons

with their numerous hydrogen atoms, fats provide an abundant source of high-energy electrons