Bio - Exam 3 Study Guide

During transcription, which strand is the template? A. 5' ➡️3' B. 3' ➡️ 5' C. Both get transcribed, one continuously (leading strand), one discontinuously (lagging strand) D. It could be either one, since they are complementary, they code for the same protein

3' ➡️ 5'

During elongation, which site in the ribosome represents the location where a codon is being read? A) E site B) P site C) A site D) the small ribosomal subunit

A site

How does termination of translation take place? A) The end of the mRNA molecule is reached. B) A stop codon is reached. C) The cap is reached. D) The poly-A tail is reached.

A stop codon is reached.

A particular triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is AAA. The anticodon on the tRNA that binds the mRNA codon is _____. A) TTT B) UUA C) UUU D) AAA

AAA

Which one of the following, if missing, would usually prevent translation from starting? A) exon B) cap C) AUG codon D) poly-A tail

AUG codon

Where is the TATA box? A. At the 5'end, right behind the 5'cap B. At the 3'end, near the poly(a) tail C. It is not present in the mRNa D. It is in one of the introns that get spliced out.

At the 5'end, right behind the 5'cap

Which one of these is not part of posttranscriptional modification? A. Addition of a poly(A) tail at the 3' terminus B. Addition of a 5'cap C. Removal of introns D. Binding of the smaller ribosomal subunit

Binding of the smaller ribosomal subunit

A particular triplet of bases in the non-template strand of DNA is 5' GGT 3'. The corresponding codon for the mRNA transcribed is 5' _________3'. A) UCC B) CCU C) CCA D) ACC

CCA

Codons are three-base sequences that specify the addition of a single amino acid. How do eukaryotic codons and prokaryotic codons compare? A) Prokaryotic codons usually contain different bases than those of eukaryotes. B) Prokaryotic codons usually specify different amino acids than those of eukaryotes. C) The translation of codons is mediated by tRNAs in eukaryotes, but translation requires no intermediate molecules such as tRNAs in prokaryotes. D) Codons are a nearly universal language among all organisms.

Codons are a nearly universal language among all organisms.

Which of the following best describes the significance of the TATA box in eukaryotic promoters? A) It is the recognition site for a specific transcription factor. B) It sets the reading frame of the mRNA. C) It is the recognition site for ribosomal binding. D) Its significance has not yet been determined.

It is the recognition site for a specific transcription factor.

A particular triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is AAA. Which amino acid does it code for? A. Serine B. Proline C. Phenylalanine D. Lysine

Lysine

What does it mean when we say the genetic code is redundant? A) A single codon can specify the addition of more than one amino acid. B) The genetic code is different for different domains of organisms. C) The genetic code is universal (the same for all organisms). D) More than one codon can specify the addition of the same amino acid.

More than one codon can specify the addition of the same amino acid.

In the process of transcription, _____. A) DNA is replicated B) RNA is synthesized C) proteins are synthesized D) mRNA attaches to ribosomes

RNA is synthesized

Which of the following proteins does not function during DNA replication A. Helicase B. RNA polymeraseII C. Topoisomerase D. SSB- Single-Strand Binding protein E. Primase

RNA polymeraseII

When during cell cycle does DNA replication occur? A. M phase B. G0 C. G1 D. G2 E. S phase

S phase

What does it mean "gene expression"? A. The process of producing mRNA from DNA B. The process of producing protein from mRNA C. The process of producing protein directly from DNA D. The process of producing proteins based on the information stored in the DNA via mRNA intermediate

The process of producing proteins based on the information stored in the DNA via mRNA intermediate

Which of the following DNA mutations is most likely to damage the protein it specifies? A) a base-pair deletion B) an addition of three nucleotides C) a substitution in the last base of a codon D) a codon deletion

a base-pair deletion

A primary transcript in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is _____ the functional mRNA, while a primary transcript in a prokaryotic cell is _____ the functional mRNA. A. the same size as; smaller than B. larger than; the same size as C. larger than; smaller than D. the same size as; larger than

larger than; the same size as

which of the following can be the expressed product in a gene

polypeptide

Which of the following terms does not pertain to translation? A. anticodon B. tRNA C. aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase D. polypeptide E. rRNA F. DNA

rRNA

Transcription in eukaryotes requires which of the following in addition to RNA polymerase? A) start and stop codons B) ribosomes and tRNA C) several transcription factors D) aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

several transcription factors

What is this molecule? A. tRNA B. mRNA C. rRNA D. DNA

tRNA

Which of the following is the first event to take place in translation in eukaryotes? A) base pairing of activated methionine-tRNA to AUG of the messenger RNA B) binding of the larger ribosomal subunit to smaller ribosomal subunits C) covalent bonding between the first two amino acids D) the small subunit of the ribosome recognizes and attaches to the cap of mRNA

the small subunit of the ribosome recognizes and attaches to the cap of mRNA

Which of the following components doesn't form part of the transcription complex at a eukaryotic promoter? A. TATA box B. start point C. transfer RNA D. transcription factors E. RNA polymerase

transfer RNA

Once a peptide has been formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the P site and the amino acid associated with the tRNA in the A site, what occurs next? A) translocation B) reading of the next codon of mRNA C) initiation D) The codon-anticodon hydrogen bonds holding the tRNA in the A site are broken.

translocation