Bio Exam 4 *

_____ Defenses are always at the ready and are the same whether a particular infectious agent has been encountered before or not.

External

What is the role of the epithelium?

Helps protect the body from the external environment

____is the regulated balance of the internal environment of an organism.

Homeostasis

adaptive immunity

describes a set of defenses that is customized to each infectious agent, providing a stronger response when an agent has been encountered before.

Phagocytosis

describes the process of engulfing and destroying foreign particles.

compact, complex animals have specialized internal __ that provide a large surface area

exchange surface

What is the name of the response to an injury in which fluids leak from dilated blood vessels, causing redness and swelling?

inflammatory response

From which part of a developing embryo are stem cells derived?

inner cell mass

The protective covering of the body is called the

integumentary system

Leukocytes, also called ______, function in fighting infections.

white blood cells

What are lymphocytes?

white blood cells

list the sequence of stages in embryonic development in the correct order?

zygote, blastocyst, gastrula

Type 1 diabetes

-no insulin is produced -insulin-dependent diabetes -require strict monitoring of blood glucose levels and regular injections of insulin

type 2 diabetes

-target cells do not respond normally to insulin -non-insulin-dependent diabetes -usually associated with obesity and can often be controlled by exercise, diet, and meds.

What blood type is the universal recipient?

AB

From which structures do oxygen molecule's move from the lungs to the blood?

Alveoli

What is MRSA?

An antibiotic-resistant bacterium

Which of the following forms of contraception is removable?

An intrauterine device

Blood Type A is not compatible with blood type_______

B

Which type of white blood cells produces defensive proteins called antibodies?

B cells

A(n)____ Is a group of tissues working together

Organ

What is the role of the epiglottis?

Prevents food from entering the windpipe

A group of cells working together is a(n)

Tissue

the complement system is____

a set of proteins that circulate in the blood, stimulating other defenses to help destroy an invader.

The main role of the large intestine is to

absorb water

What is the specific site of gas exchange in the respiratory system?

alveoli

Form refers to

anatomical structure

Asthma causes constriction of the tiny air passages in the lungs, otherwise known as the

bronchioles

The completion of meiosis II during oogenesis occurs at ___

feralization

In both type 1 and type 2 diabetes___

glucose levels remain higher than normal

Within each red blood cell, the molecule ______ is a protein that binds oxygen.

hemoglobin

Hemoglobin

is a protein that can bind four molecules of oxygen.

The urethra _______

is a tube that conveys both urine and semen

what is a characteristic of smooth muscle

is controlled by involuntary nervous signals

After blood becomes oxygenated______

it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to body cells.

what is NOT part of your innate immune system?

lymphocytes

Which of the following options correctly lists the sequence of structures that air passes through during breathing after it enters the mouth and nose?

pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Function refers to

physiological actions

The liquid portion of your blood is called

plasma

____are cell fragments involved in the process of blood clotting.

platelets

Which of the following describe the integumentary system?

skin, nails, hair

Hypothetically speaking, if a diploid sperm fertilized a diploid ovum, the zygote would be?

tetraploid

During inhalation

the diaphragm and rib muscles contract.

The thyroid gland plays a major role in the regulation of

the metabolism

Blood type B is not compatible with blood type_____

A

Definition of pathogens

Disease-causing microorganisms

Which of the following structure of the male reproductive anatomy stores sperm?

Epididymis

On what day does ovulation occur during the female reproductive cycle?

day 14

What is the main role of T cells in the immune response?

to stimulate the production of immune cells

What blood type is the universal donor?

Type O

What is the difference between vitamins and minerals?

What is the difference between vitamins and minerals?

When a B cell binds to a virus or other pathogen, it

becomes activated, divides rapidly, and thereby mounts a specialized response against the pathogen.

This substance is stored in the gall bladder and released to aid in the digestion of fat.

bile

What type of animal tissue contains blood, cartilage, and bone?

connective

what is not categorized as connective tissue

muscle

Most of the control mechanisms that maintain an internal steady-state are based on_____in which a change in a variable triggers mechanisms that reverse that change.

negative feedback

A(n)______is made up of many organ systems functioning together

organisms

What are gonads?

organs that produce gametes

lists cell types in the correct order of their appearance during spermatogenesis?

primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, spermatid, sperm

The main role of the liver is to

produce bile, which helps the process of digestion

Erythrocytes, also called_____are packed with hemoglobin and transport oxygen to body tissues.

red blood cells

What is the main role of kidneys?

to filter blood and remove harmful toxins