Bio final

If the frequency of one allele in a population is 0.7 in a population with two alleles at a particular locus, what is the frequency of the alternate allele?

0.30

According to this evolutionary tree, the archaea and eukaryotes last shared a common ancestor

2.5 billion years ago

Plants first moved onto land at least ________ years ago.

475 million

The presence of freckles is due to a dominant allele. Four percent of the individuals in a particular population lack freckles. Use the Hardy-Weinberg formula to calculate the percentage of individuals in this population who are homozygous dominant for freckles.

64 %

On a hike in the mountains, you find a stream with a rocky bottom. Many of the rocks are covered in algae. Which type of mollusc is most likely to be found living in this environment?

A gastropod because it can use its radula to scrape the rocks for algae on which to feed.

Which mode of nutrition characteristic distinguishes animals from other eukaryotes?

Animals obtain nutrients by eating.

The prokaryotic group that tends to inhabit extreme environments belongs to ________.

Archaea

Gymnosperms and angiosperms share multiple similarities. All of these are similarities except one. Choose the exception.

Both produce flowers.

________ are characterized body tissues, radial symmetry, and tentacles with stinging cells.

Cnidarians

Which one of the following statements is TRUE?

Natural selection works on variation already present in a population.

All of the following are true EXCEPT one. Choose the exception.

The first organisms to colonize land were animals.

Recent scientific studies of the impact of microbiota on the amount of fat versus lean body mass (i.e., body composition) are described in your text. How do those studies illustrate the importance of microbiota communities in our bodies?

The studies suggest that intestinal microbiota may be involved in regulating our digestive processes.

________ is an example of bioremediation.

The use of prokaryotes to treat sewage

Why is the symbiotic relationship of truffle mushrooms and tree roots considered to be crucial to the colonization of land?

This relationship is found in some of the oldest plant fossils.

Which is NOT a benefit of the understanding of evolution to understanding the field of biology?

Understanding evolution helps us to understand why stars and galaxies change over time.

The photo below shows ________. A) a cluster of fern spore capsules B) a fairy ring C) an algal cell with extensive thread-like cilia D) a lichen, a mutually beneficial symbiosis

a lichen, a mutually beneficial symbiosis

Natural selection can be defined as ________.

a process in which organisms with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than individuals with other traits

Nearly all food plants are ________.

angiosperms

Sponges are examples of ________.

animals that lack a true body cavity

Which protozoan group consists solely of parasitic forms?

apicomplexans

There are more species of ________ than of any other type of animal.

arthropods

What is this organism? A) fern B) fungus C) bryophyte D) gymnosperm

bryophyte

Which of the following correctly illustrates the sequence of the origin of modern groups of plants?

bryophytes, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms

The phylogenetic tree indicates that ________ demonstrate the most advanced body plan in reference to the presence of tissues and bilateral symmetry.

cnidarians

The common ancestor of all animals is likely to have been a ________.

colonial, flagellated protist

Homology is evidence of ________.

common ancestry

Which of the following would likely be the most difficult to kill if you were you to can your own food?

endospores

________ are seedless vascular plants.

ferns

Much of the coal we use today came from ________ that lived during the Carboniferous.

ferns and their allies

In the Hardy-Weinberg formula, what does p2 represent?

frequency of the homozygotes for one allele

Which group of prokaryotes aids digestion in cattle, deer, and other animals that obtain nutrition from cellulose?

halophiles

The phylogenetic tree indicates that flatworms are similar to cnidarians in that both

have true tissues

Scientists hypothesize that disrupting our ________ communities may increase our susceptibility to infectious diseases, predispose us to certain cancers, and contribute to conditions such as asthma and other allergies, irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease, and autism.

microbial

The phylogenetic tree indicates that annelids are most closely related to ________.

molluscs

The original source of genetic variation that serves as the raw material for evolution is

mutation

Which one of the following can create new alleles?

mutation

Mutualistic associations of plant roots and fungi are called

mycorrhizae

In The Origin of Species, Darwin argued that the mechanism of descent with modification was ________.

natural selection

While on the Beagle, Darwin was influenced by a book by Charles Lyell that suggested that Earth was ________ and sculpted by geologic processes that ________ today.

old... continue

During his trip on the Beagle, Darwin found that ________.

plants and animals living on a continent seemed more closely related to each other than to plants and animals living in similar regions on other continents

The stationary stage of the cnidarian life cycle is the ________ stage.

polyp

The function of a mushroom is to ________.

produce spores

Eukaryotes that are not fungi, animals, or plants are classified in a "catch-all" category called

protists

Flagellates, amoebas, apicomplexans, and ciliates are all what type of protist?

protozoans

Which animals have a cylindrical body that is tapered at both ends?

roundworms

Unique features of vertebrates include the presence of a(n) ________.

skull and a backbone

Radial symmetry is seen in a ________.

snowflake

All of the following represent known prokaryote shapes except

star shaped