Bio Final
If half of a population is homozygous recessive, what is p?
0.293
If p = 0.6, what is q?
0.4
If p2 = 0.04, what is the frequency of homozygous recessives in the population?
0.64
The birthrate in a small town is 14 per 1,000 per year and the death rate is 5 per 1,000 per year. What is the annual growth rate for this town?
0.9%
Prairie dogs are highly social, burrow-dwelling rodents. Families have a strict social hierarchy and their "towns" can span hundreds of acres. In one colony, 750 animals live in a 500 m2 area. What is the population density?
1.5
When did modern humans migrate from Africa into Asia and Europe?
100,000 year ago
If a population of 200 squirrels has a 10 percent growth rate each year, how many individuals will be born in the next year?
20
Which of the following is a healthy body mass index?
20.3
Mark is 72 inches tall and weighs 180 pounds. His body mass index is
24.4.
During a recent hurricane, 25 individuals of the same butterfly species were blown onto a barrier island in southern Florida. During the first year, 80 caterpillars hatched from eggs laid by the butterflies and only 5 individuals in the population died. What is the growth rate for the population during this period?
3%
How much revenue is generated from ecotourism annually in the United States?
5 billion
List the levels of organization of the body from simple to complex.1. organ system 2. organism 3. tissue 4. organ 5. cell
5, 3, 4, 1, 2
Which of the listed embryonic stages is the earliest?
8-cell stage
During respiration in fish, what percentage of dissolved oxygen is absorbed?
80-90%
A serving of food contains 9g carbohydrate, 3g protein, and 5g fat. The total calories per serving of this food is
93.
Which of these statements about contracting muscles is incorrect?
A contracting muscle can only push; it cannot pull.
Which of the following examples describes genetic drift?
A forest fire kills all plant life south of a highway.
David was in a car accident and needed a blood transfusion due to his injuries. His brother, Steve, went to the hospital hoping to donate blood to be used in the transfusion. David's blood type is type B. Steve's blood type is type AB. Persons of what blood type can receive a transfusion of Steve's blood?
AB only
What is the assisted reproductive technology that involves the placement of harvested sperm in a woman's vagina by a physician?
AID
Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease?
AIDS
In the replacement model of evolution, where did modern humans first evolve?
Africa
The closest living relatives of modern humans are
African apes.
Which of these statements about the evolutionary tree of animals is incorrect?
All animals have true tissues.
Which of the following is a function of blood?
All are functions of blood.
Which of the following is an important characteristic of the Galápagos Islands in the context of Darwin's theory of evolution?
All of the above answers are important characteristics.
Microevolution is influenced by which of the following?
All of the above answers describe factors that influence microevolution.
Many species of finches, tortoises, cacti, and iguanas are found on the Galápagos Islands and nowhere else in the world. Which physical attribute of these islands has played a role in permitting such unique life forms to evolve?
All of the above answers describe physical attributes of the islands important in the evolution of unique life forms.
The molecule cytochrome c supports the theory of evolution as biochemical evidence. Which of the following is part of that evidence?
All of the above answers describe reasons why cytochrome c supports the theory of evolution.
Refer to the figure shown here. Which of the following would have been a selective agent or pressure that could lead to the reduction in hindlimbs through time?
All of the above answers describe selective agents or pressures that could have led to the reduction in hind limbs over time.
Animals are
All of the above answers describe the characteristics of animals.
Which of the following generates genetic variation within a population?
All of the above answers describe ways that genetic variation is generated in a population.
Which of the following is an autoimmune disease?
All of the above are autoimmune diseases.
Which of the following is a characteristic of squamous epithelium?
All of the above are characteristics of squamous epithelium.
Which of the following is a condition required for a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
All of the above are conditions required for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.
Which of the following is an emerging virus?
All of the above are considered emerging viruses.
Which of the following is an example of artificial selection?
All of the above are examples of artificial selection.
Which of the following is a function of the digestive system?
All of the above are functions of the digestive system.
Which of the following is a lymphatic organ?
All of the above are organs of the lymphatic system.
Which one of the following is a symptom of an HIV infection?
All of the above are symptons of an HIV infection.
Which of the following is true about epithelial tissue?
All of the above are true.
Which of the following activities contribute to beach erosion?
All of the above describe activities that contribute to beach erosion.
Which of the following is thought to have contributed to the many mass extinction events that have occurred throughout Earth's history?
All of the above describe factors that have contributed to mass extinctions events.
Which of the following statements is/are true about human population growth?
All of the above statements are true.
Which of the following provides support for the endosymbiotic hypothesis?
All of the above statements provide support for the endosymbiotic hypothesis.
Which of the following structures is part of the reproductive system?
All of the answers are parts of the female reproductive system.
Without bacteria in the environment,
All of the choices are correct.
Which of these is a fungal disease (mycosis)?
All of the choices are fungal diseases.
What would you predict as a likely consequence of eradicating all fungi from soil before sowing it with plant seeds?
Although the plants might grow, they would be unlikely to thrive due to the lack of mycorrhizal fungi.
Stephen has a family history of type 2 diabetes. He knows he should reduce the amount of sugars in his diet but is not sure how to go about it. What is some advice you might give him?
Avoid jams and jellies.
In the figure shown here, which of the following is the prostate gland?
B
Which of the three domains contain(s) prokaryotic organisms?
Bacteria and Archaea
Which of the following represents a type I survivorship curve?
Bald eagles return to the same mates and nests each year. They typically have two to three eggs and with parental care provided by both parents, the survival rate of the chicks is high.
As humans continue to use fossil fuels as a primary source of energy, the amount of carbon entering the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion will continue to increase dramatically. What is the effect of large-scale deforestation on the carbon in the atmosphere?
Because trees are a major sink for atmospheric carbon, fewer trees will result in less carbon being removed from the atmosphere for photosynthesis.
What characteristic is common of both a genetic bottleneck and a founder effect?
Both involve a decrease in a population's genetic diversity.
Interpreting this figure, which of the following is a similarity between Lamarck's proposal for evolution and Darwin's proposal?
Both scenarios expose the giraffes to an environmental pressure (or challenge).
Darwin and Wallace both concluded that species evolve through the process of natural selection. What similar experiences and information helped them both reach the same conclusion?
Both were naturalists.
In the figure shown here, which of the following is the bulbourethral gland?
C
_____ inhibits osteoclasts, while _____ stimulates them.
Calcitonin; parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Which species are representatives of the green algae?
Chlamydomonas, Volvox, and Spirogyra
Which feature places cnidarians as eumetazoans?
Cnidarians have two germ layers during development.
Most dinosaurs became extinct at the end of which of the following periods of the Mesozoic?
Cretaceous
Weight gain, diabetes mellitus, and a moon-shaped face may indicate
Cushing syndrome.
David was in a car accident and needed a blood transfusion due to his injuries. His brother, Steve, went to the hospital hoping to donate blood to be used in the transfusion. David's blood type is type B. Steve's blood type is type AB. Which of the following statements is true regarding Steve's potential donation?
David cannot receive Steve's blood because of the antibodies in David's blood.
You are a doctor and a patient comes to you for a checkup. He expresses that his father recently had a heart attack brought on by atherosclerosis. He wants to know what he should do to lower his risk of also having a heart attack. Which of the following statements might you make to him?
Decrease the amount of saturated fat and cholesterol in your diet.
You discover a green, filamentous multicellular eukaryote growing at the edge of a pond. How could you determine if the organism is a green alga or a plant?
Determine if the organism protects and nourishes its embryos.
In the figure shown here, which of the following is the retina?
E
Which of these structures is the pons?
E
Which of the following represents replacement reproduction?
Each couple has only two children.
Why are developmental biologists especially interested in studying echinoderm embryos?
Echinoderms are the closest living relatives of chordates.
Which statement is correct about empty-calorie foods?
Empty-calorie foods have a high amount of sugar and/or fat in relation to the vitamin content.
What criteria is used to distinguish between an empty-calorie food and a junk food?
Empty-calorie foods have a high sugar and/or fat-to-vitamin ratio.
Before solar energy can become usable for consumers, which of the following events must occur?
Energy must be collected, converted into another form, and stored until needed.
Which of the following information cannot be determined from the fossil record?
Evidence of every species that ever existed.
Dietary supplements are safe to use due to the governmental testing they go through before they are approved for sale.
False
Equilibrium populations tend to exhibit a type III survivorship curve.
False, because equilibrium populations tend to have low mortality rates early in life.
Which of the following descriptions about survivorship curves is mismatched?
Female giant pandas generally raise one cub at a time and their cubs may stay with their mothers for up to three years before striking out on their own.. - Type II
A finch population with heritable variation in beak size arrives on an island where only large seeds are available as a food source. Describe the process of natural selection that would follow.
Finches with larger beaks will more easily eat the large seeds and are thus more likely to survive and produce offspring with similarly large beaks. The frequency of large beaks within the population will increase.
Which statement does not apply to all fungi?
Fungi produce gametes that are motile.
Which statement about the plant alternation-of-generations life cycle is incorrect?
Gametes are only produced by meiosis.
What is the genotype of an individual that has protection from both sickle-cell disease and malaria?
HbAHbS
Why does malaria persist in the human population?
Heterozygote advantage maintains both the normal allele and the sickle cell allele in the population.
Which type of assisted reproductive technology allows the doctor to evaluate the embryo for genetic defects before it is placed into the uterus?
ICSI
This birth control device consists of a small piece of plastic that is inserted into the uterus by a health care provider.
IUD
Which statement is inconsistent with invertebrate animals?
Invertebrates lack a nervous system.
For which of the following is iron required?
Iron forms part of hemoglobin, which transports oxygen.
If a neuron receives both excitatory and inhibitory signals, will an action potential be generated?
It depends; if more excitatory than inhibitory signals are received, then an action potential may result.
Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about passive immunity?
It is achieved through the production of antibodies by the person gaining the immunity.
Which of the following is inconsistent with the punctuated equilibrium model?
It is difficult to determine when speciation occurred.
How is the mycelium a valuable adaptation for a fungus?
It provides a large surface area for the absorption of nutrients and moisture.
Which of the following statements does not apply to edema?
It results in kidney stones if uncorrected.
Muscular dystrophy affects the functioning of skeletal muscle. As this disease advances, it can impair the contraction of the diaphragm and the muscles of the rib cage. What effect will this have on the ability of people with this disease to carry out gas exchange?
It will decrease their ability to exchange air into and out of the lungs, decreasing gas exchange.
Which of the following is an example of pollution?
Leftover minerals from ores are left along a streambed, allowing leftover traces of the mineral to run off into the stream after heavy rains.
Which of the following statements is correct about the comparison between MDCs and LDCs?
MDCs consume 4 times as many metals and 3 times as much paper as LDCs.
How does the use of minerals such as metals differ from the use of fossil fuels?
Many metals may be recycled, decreasing the necessity for finding new reserves, unlike fossil fuels, which cannot be recycled.
Which of the following statements is inaccurate regarding the complement proteins?
Many proteins must be independently activated in order to have a significant impact on the immune response.
_____ cells are large, granular lymphocytes that kill virus-infected cells and cancer cells by cell-to-cell contact.
Natural killer
Which one of the following statements is true?
Natural selection can only work on variation that already exists.
As a result of drinking contaminated water, a patient contracts amoebic dysentery. Would an antibiotic drug that inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis be beneficial in treating the amoeba infection?
No, because amoeba are not bacteria and do not have peptidoglycan.
Which of the following is a step specific to the process of artificial selection?
People select which individuals breed and which ones do not.
What is the first step in energy flow through an ecosystem?
Producers absorb solar energy.
Which of the following explanations about the financial impact of biodiversity on the economy is inaccurate?
Protecting biodiversity has decreased the amount of freshwater available to human populations because of the "sponge effect."
Which of the following would be considered a commensalistic relationship?
Pseudoscorpions are small, harmless arachnids. To move from one place to another, they will sometimes latch onto the legs of flies and thus be carried long distances that they would not readily be able to traverse.
Which of these is mismatched?
Salmonella - amoeba
What do transitional fossils illustrate?
Shared ancestral traits.
Which of the following would be considered a mutualistic relationship?
Some species of crabs decorate their shells with sea anemones and other corals. These "decorations" help camouflage the crab, and the movement of the crab from one area to the next exposes the corals and anemones to different sources of food.
Based upon the features listed, which of the following species is the most likely to go extinct?
Species A has a small population, has a narrow habitat tolerance, and lives on an island.
Which statement about sponges is correct?
Sponges are filter feeders.
What would you most likely call a long chain of bacterial cells that are spherical in shape?
Streptococcus
The figure shown here represents stabilizing selection. What happens when an individual is produced that possesses a trait far away from the mean value?
That extreme individual likely will not survive and reproduce.
Penicillin is an antibiotic drug that interferes with peptidoglycan synthesis in bacteria, eventually resulting in cell death. What effect would you predict if you applied penicillin to archaea?
The archaea would not be affected, since they do not contain peptidoglycan.
Which statement is true about the arterial end of a capillary?
The blood pressure is higher than the osmotic pressure, causing water to leave the bloodstream.
Which of the following statements is correct about the usage of a booster?
The booster allows the antibody concentration to rise to a level higher than the primary response.
You are taking notes in a lecture, writing as fast as you can, when suddenly your hand become so stiff that you can't write any more. You pull the pencil from between your frozen fingers with your other hand, and after a few worried moments your hand is able to relax again. What happened?
The muscles in your hand depleted their supply of ATP, and the myosin heads could not detach from actin.
How does climate change effect Earth's oceans?
The pH level of the ocean will shift to a more acidic environment, leading to stress and the possible extinction of many species of shellfish and corals.
A patient who has recently undergone surgery to remove tumors from his thyroid gland suddenly begins to tremble violently from head to toe because his nerves have become too excitable. Why?
The parathyroid glands were removed, and without parathyroid hormone (PTH), blood calcium levels fell too low.
What is the main reason that the tundra does not have large plants?
The permafrost persists, even during the summer.
Which statement is correct about the placenta?
The placenta does not allow the exchange of blood between the fetus and mother but allows the exchange of gases.
You take a large sample of soil and divide it among individual pots. You then separate the pots into two groups. In the first group, every pot of soil has been sterilized. In the second group, none of the pots of soil have been sterilized. You plant soybean seeds in all the pots. What would you expect to see as the seeds sprout and grow?
The plants growing in the non-sterile soil are bigger because they have mutualistic associations with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
What is the first step in the formation of a blood clot?
The platelets form a plug.
Which of the following statements is correct about the function of the pulmonary circulatory system?
The pulmonary system is responsible for adding oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from the red blood cells.
A population of bacteria is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Through repeated exposure to an antibiotic, the frequency of a recessive allele is rapidly increasing. What is the most likely explanation for this response?
The recessive allele is responsible for resistance of the bacteria to the antibiotic.
If a population recovers to its original population size after experiencing a bottleneck, which statement is correct regarding this population?
The recovered population shows less genetic diversity than the population prior to the bottleneck.
When a disease has been fought off by the immune system, what happens to most of the remaining cells that were produced by the immune system to fight the disease?
The remaining cells undergo apoptosis.
Which of the following statements is true about the shown cladogram and the characters used to derive it?
The snake and lizard share a common ancestor that does not have the characters internal fertilization or amniotic membrane in egg.
Which of the following is a postzygotic isolating mechanism for two species found in the same geographical location?
The two species can mate, but the offspring are sterile.
Which of the following is true about atrioventricular valves?
They are also known as the triscupid and bicuspid valves.
Which of the following is an inaccurate statement regarding B-cell receptors?
They may be changed by the B cell in response to whatever pathogen is present.
Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about platelets?
They phagocytize pathogens.
Significant mass extinctions occurred during which of the following peroids?
Triassic, Permian, Cretaceous, Pleistocene, Ordovician, and Devonian
A butterfly species has very wide distribution across southern Florida. In addition, the adults and caterpillars can use a wide array of plant species as a food source and also tolerate a broad range of temperatures. Based on these criteria, this species is unlikely to face extinction in the immediate future.
True, because they have broad habitat tolerances.
Ashley has been diagnosed with high blood pressure. Her doctor recommended that she try to lower the amount of sodium in her diet. What advice would you give her?
Use spices instead of salt to flavor food when cooking.
Which statement about vaccines is correct?
Vaccines are not intended to cause the patient to become ill in order to build the immune system.
What is the greatest problem that the human population will face if we fail to have a greater understanding of ecology and environmental science?
We will have a lack of understanding about the problems that the human population poses to the health of the biosphere.
Why are Australian mammals all marsupial while mammals on other continents are mostly placental?
When the continents separated from one another, marsupials in Australia did not have the placental competitors that were present in the Americas.
You are at your cousin's high school graduation party. The only thing good to drink is lemonade. You end up staying at the party for a long time, drinking four large glasses of lemonade. What would you expect to happen to your urine production?
You will produce an increased amount of dilute urine.
This is a graph of antibodies in an immunized person's blood. At point B _____ is given that enhances the immunity to the pathogen.
a booster
While walking in the woods, you come across some low-growing plants clustered at the base of a tree. You collect one as a specimen for biology class. Upon examination in the lab, you find that the leaf-, stem-, and root-like structures contain no vascular tissue. The plant is
a bryophyte.
A clade includes which of the following?
a common ancestor and all its descendant species
Which of the following is an example of an ecosystem?
a coral reef together with all the fishes and invertebrates living in and around it
Which of the following represents a type II survivorship curve?
a curve depicting organisms that have an equal probability of dying at all age groups
Because of the nature of platelets, having a low platelet count can be cause for concern if which of the following were to occur?
a deep cut
During a summer with lots of rain, the vegetation grew lush and the white-footed mouse populations increased due to increases in food availability. However, the next two summers were record drought years and food became increasingly scarce. Over these two years, the population size of the mice decreased due to increased competition for access to food. This increased competition is an example of
a density-dependent factor.
Jacob is studying a population of wrens in Michigan. During one severe winter, 5% of the birds died due to starvation and cold temperatures. Severe weather is an example of
a density-independent factor.
The best definition of a nutrient is
a food component which performs a physiological function in the body.
A virus is specific to a particular type of host cell because
a glycoprotein on the viral capsid is a specific match to a receptor on the surface of a compatible host cell.
You are a doctor and an individual comes into your office. During the routine exam, you listen to the patient's heart sounds and notice that the first heart sound or "lub" is not as sharp or crisp as it should be. Your diagnosis of the patient's condition is
a heart murmur.
A population that is growing at a rapid rate would have an age-structure diagram with
a higher number of prereproductive and reproductive individuals compared to postreproductive individuals.
Which event is specific to the Cretaceous mass extinction?
a large meteor impact
If your body is dehydrated, the control center in the brain will stimulate the release of a hormone which causes the reabsorption of water into the blood during urine formation. When the control center senses that enough water is reabsorbed, it will stop the release of the hormone. This is an example of
a negative feedback mechanism.
Today, cheetahs show extreme genetic similarity. This is evidence of
a past bottleneck event.
All of the following are characteristics of arthropods except
a pseudocoelom.
Which of the following is an example of an animal's habitiat?
a small bird living in the dense shrubs at the base of a tree
Which of the following is an example of predation?
a starfish which is able to evert its stomach to break open and eat clams
The first pioneer species to appear in an area undergoing secondary succession is
able to produce numerous offspring.
Which of the following is a function of the small intestine?
absorption of amino acids
Which of the following is 100% effective against both pregnancy and STDs?
abstinence
Some species of pathogenic bacteria are able to attack specific cells in the human body due to structures called
adhesion factors.
People who are under constant stress have a tendency to gain weight, especially in the midsection, even if they do not overeat. This is because the hypothalamus responds to the stress by stimulating the
adrenal cortex.
When the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is activated, its effects can be prolonged by secretions of the
adrenal medulla.
In order for sensory receptors for hearing to be stimulated, vibrations must pass through
air, then bone, then fluid.
Conservation biology supports all of the following ethical principles except
all animals have the same rights or legal status as humans.
Which of the following groups provides protection and nourishment to the embryo?
all plants
The functional unit of the lungs where gas exchange occurs is the
alveolus.
If the sinoatrial node fails in the heart,
an artificial pacemaker can correct the problem.
In what type of environment is being heterozygous in regards to the sickle-cell trait an advantage?
an environment that has malaria
Which of the following events will cause problems with the body's ability to exchange gasses between the blood and tissue fluid?
an increase in the blood pH due to smoking
If an area of the stomach lining lacks mucus, it will result in
an ulcer.
Pollution is defined as
an undesirable alteration to the environment.
In which type of environment would you be most likely to find methanogenic archaea?
anaerobic
Similarity due to convergent evolution is called
analogy.
Apples, oranges, peanuts, and rice grains are produced by
angiosperms.
Which of these worms are segmented?
annelids
Nephridia are found in
annelids.
Gigantism can result from excessive secretion from the
anterior pituitary.
Bacteria that cause ear infections have increased their resistance to antibiotics over time. Which of the following is the selective agent?
antibiotics
Consuming alcohol increases the need to urinate. This is due to the inhibitory effect of alcohol on
antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
Which two groups of primates share the closest ancestry?
apes and hominins
Which of the following is the least likely to contribute protein to the diet?
apples
If a population of 200 squirrels has a 10 percent growth rate each year, how many individuals will there be in the population after 3 years (assuming that no deaths occur during this period)?
approximately 266
Which ecosystem makes up approximately 70% of the Earth's surface?
aquatic; marine
Shared derived traits
are homologies found only in certain members of the ingroup.
Homologous structures
are often shared by organisms in the same line of descent.
Broccoli, kohlrabi, Brussels sprouts, Chinese cabbage, and cauliflower were all derived from the single wild species. This diversity is a result of
artificial selection.
Mark is 72 inches tall and weighs 180 pounds. According to Mark's BMI, he is
at a healthy weight.
Which is the correct order of events in the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage?
attachment - penetration - biosynthesis - maturation - release
When the body responds against its own cells as foreign antigens, this results in
autoimmune disease.
Which part of a neuron could be covered with a myelin sheath?
axon
The arrow shows the direction of the nerve impulse in a neuron. Where is the neurotransmitter released from the neuron?
axon terminal
Elaborate courtship behavior in animals, such as with the blue-footed boobies of the Galápagos Islands, is an example of which of the following reproductive barriers?
behavioral isolation
What is the source of carbon for most aquatic organisms?
bicarbonate ions
In order to lift a book from a table, your _____ must contract; to put the book back down, the _____ must contract.
biceps; triceps
The fact that DNA is the molecule containing the genetic code for all life on Earth is a part of
biochemical evidence.
As you hike up a mountain, you realize that the plants and animals present at the base are not the same as those at the top. This observation is the basis of
biogeography.
Mercury can enter an aquatic food chain and collect in fish as well as people who eat fish. This is an example of which of the following processes?
biological magnification
The hollow, fluid-filled ball of cells that develops from the morula is the
blastocyst.
Both a coronary bypass operation and a stent insertion procedure are treatments used for which of the following conditions?
blockage of a coronary artery
Which are the most numerous and diverse vertebrates?
bony fishes
In the fern life cycle, which of these is haploid?
both gametophyte and gametes
The bladder originates from
both mesoderm and endoderm, but not ectoderm.
Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about primary and secondary succession?
both occur in regions where soil is already present.
Energy needs are supplied by
carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
Which substance will always leave the tissue fluid and enter the capillary and eventually leave the body?
carbon dioxide
Alicia and Juan are hiking in the woods and come across the skull of an animal. The teeth are still in the skull. The front teeth, or incisors, are short but sharp. The canines are long and pointed. The back teeth, or molars and premolars, are jagged. Based on these teeth, the skull likely belonged to a(n)
carnivore.
During a recent hurricane, 25 individuals of the same butterfly species were blown onto a barrier island in southern Florida. Prior to this event, this species did not inhabit the island, but with the ample vegetation on the island and a lack of predators, the displaced individuals were able to survive and reproduce. After several years, the population stabilized with approximately 150 individuals. The 150 individuals on the island is an example of the
carrying capacity.
If a woman has been diagnosed with genital warts, she should be examined regularly for
cervical cancer.
The closest living relatives of land plants are
charophytes.
Which of the following food sources would contain the least amount of fiber?
chicken
The exoskeleton of an arthropod is composed largely of the polysaccharide
chitin.
Which of the following types of compounds have been implicated in ozone depletion?
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Animals are thought to be most closely related to
choanoflagellates.
A unicellular, eukaryotic organism has flagella and cell walls of chitin. What is it?
chytrid
What feature enables the paramecium to move?
cilia
Which of these is a bivalve?
clam
During a recent hurricane, 25 individuals of the same butterfly species were blown onto a barrier island in southern Florida. When the butterflies first arrived on the island, they remained in the southeast corner of the island where most of the flowering plants had not been destroyed or uprooted by the high winds and seas during the hurricane. What type of distribution do these butterflies exhibit?
clumped
Schools of parrot fish tend to remain within close proximity to coral reefs for protection from predators and for easy access to food sources. What type of distribution does this represent?
clumped
Which of the following is an incorrect match?
columnar epithelium - forms outer layers of skin
When comparing chick and pig embryos, the similar eyes, pharyngeal pouches, and postanal tails are evidence of
common ancestry.
Different populations living in the same geographical region is a(n)
community.
Which means of genetic recombination in bacteria is facilitated by use of a pilus?
conjugation
Which of the following methods may help conserve water by reducing the amount used for agriculture?
contour with no-till farming
Blood pressure
contributes to movement of substances from the blood into the tissues.
Which of the following shows the function of cytotoxic T cells in the correct order?
cytotoxic T cell binds to virus-infected cell - perforin released - granzymes delivered - apoptosis occurs in virus-infected cell
The increased efficiency of fishing has led to
decreased yields from fishing.
In European countries such as Italy, people are delaying childbirth and/or choosing to have no children or only one child. Which of the following age structure diagrams illustrates this type of trend?
decreasing population
Which of the following would have the greatest influence in creating a more sustainable urban society?
decreasing the amount of land that is altered in order to accommodate human desires (new homes, factories, agriculture, etc.)
Which of the following is an incorrect match?
dense fibrous connective tissue - protective covering
Honeybees have been declining at dramatic rates in the last few years. Colony collapse disorder has been linked to a virus and results in hives completely emptied of bees among both wild populations and domestic hives. Recently, scientists have suggested that infected bees may contaminate flowers that they visit and thus spread the disease. This is an example of a
density-dependent factor.
During a recent hurricane, 25 individuals of the same butterfly species were blown onto a barrier island in southern Florida. The hurricane which lead to the arrival of the butterflies on the island is an example of a _____ factor.
density-independent
Which of the following is inconsistent with the idea of making urban environments more sustainable?
development of new sections in cities as older ones become dilapidated and unusable
The mechanism by which oxygen moves into capillaries from alveoli is
diffusion.
If blood sugar levels drop below normal, the _____ system is primarily responsible for returning levels to normal.
digestive
Which group of algae are associated with red tide?
dinoflagellates
In ferns, the dominant generation is the
diploid sporophyte.
The usage of the insecticide DDT to control mosquitoes resulted in
directional selection to insecticide resistance in the insects.
If the average tail size of a reptile continually got smaller through generations, this would be an example of
directional selection.
Which of the following is most likely to result in the formation of two distinct species?
disruptive selection
British land snails primarily occur in two extreme phenotypes. This is an example of
disruptive selection.
Which of the following is an example of species richness?
diving beetles, blue gill, lilies, water mites, crayfish, bass
Which of the following lists the levels of taxonomic classification in order from the most inclusive to the least inclusive?
domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order
Which one of the following is a method of treatment for HIV infections?
drug therapy
In an aquatic ecosystem, the aquatic plants are eaten by small invertebrates that in turn are eaten by crayfish, which are eaten by fish, which are then eaten by ducks. Based on this, which of the following is incorrectly matched?
duck - 4th trophic level
The sugar glider in Australia and the flying squirrel in North America are both small mammals with large expanses of loose skin between their forelimbs and hindlimbs, allowing them to glide from tree to tree within their respective forest habitats. These two species are not evolutionarily related but are very similar in their overall appearance. Darwin's explanation for their similarity is that
each have adapted in very similar ways to similar habitats.
Organisms that live in a marine environment and have skin gills, tube feet, a coelom, and a water vascular system are classified as a(n)
echinoderm.
Which of these is mismatched?
embryo - male gametophyte
The first two months of human development are referred to as the _____ period.
embryonic
Which body system and its organs are incorrectly matched?
endocrine - mouth, lungs, pituitary
Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about ecosystems?
energy is constantly recycled.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of Paramecium?
engulfs prey with pseudopods
Which two hormones are produced by the adrenal medulla?
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Which geological timescale contains the greatest number of years?
eras
Extensive irrigation may contribute to desertification because
evaporation of water used in irrigation causes salinization of the land, reducing the ability of plants to grow.
If you want to prevent osteoporosis and strengthen muscles, your best approach would be to
exercise.
A grasshopper has a(n) _____ composed mainly of chitin.
exoskeleton
What is a common feature shared by both the roundworms and the arthropods?
exoskeleton
During a recent hurricane, 25 individuals of the same butterfly species were blown onto a barrier island in southern Florida. Prior to this event, this species did not inhabit the island, but with the ample vegetation on the island and a lack of predators, the displaced individuals were able to survive and reproduce. When the butterflies initially arrived on the island, they did not have to compete for food or space. What type of population growth did they likely exhibit?
exponential
A person's total daily intake of water must be obtained through drinking liquids.
false
Essential amino acids are obtained only from animal proteins.
false
The USDA recommends which type of food should compose the smallest percentage of our diet?
fats and oils
A heart murmur is caused by
faulty atrioventricular valves.
What characteristics of Archaeopteryx tell us that it is a link to reptiles and birds?
feathers and teeth
A neutrophil
fights disease.
A pregnant woman has passed her due date, and her cervix is dilated. This indicates which stage of childbirth?
first
Which of these is found in the moss life cycle?
flagellated sperm
Which of the following is an example of a density-independent factor?
flooding after heavy rains
During the first half of the human ovarian cycle,
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) promotes the development of estrogen-secreting follicles.
Which of the following is a nonrenewable resource?
fossil fuels
Which is not a typical adult amphibian characteristic?
four-chambered heart
In the Hardy-Weinberg formula, what does q2 represent?
frequency of the homozygous recessives
Which of the following correctly lists the progression of species present during primary or secondary succession?
fungi, nonvascular plants, gymnosperms, animals
The pollen, or sperm, from a red maple tree is unable to fertilize the eggs from a sugar maple tree. This is an example of what type of isolating mechanism?
gamete isolation
The pulmonary circuit in a closed circulatory system functions in
gas exchange in the lungs.
In reference to fish respiration,
gases are exchanged between the lamellae of the gills and the water.
In which stage do the three germ layers form?
gastrula
A group of field mice crosses a highway and joins a new population of field mice on the other side, producing offspring with this population. This is an example of
gene flow.
A fraction of a green frog population survives a hurricane to reproduce and generate a new population. This event is an example of
genetic drift.
Pinus strobus is the scientific name for the white pine. Pinus is the
genus
Which of the following correctly shows a possible order of events resulting in allopatric speciation?
geographic isolation - natural selection - prezygotic reproductive isolation
A major difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation is whether
geographic isolation is required or not.
In which structure does urine formation begin?
glomerular capsule
The fossils of a new species of reptile are found in deposits dating to the Permian period. Later, scientists discover that fossils of the reptile species changed somewhat over time and can be found in deposits dating from the Permian period all the way up to the Cretaceous period. The scientists' observations most strongly support which evolutionary model(s)?
gradualistic evolution
You can tell "up" from "down" even when your eyes are closed. This is due to your
gravitational equilibrium.
The presence of salts and plasma proteins in capillaries causes
greater osmotic pressure in the blood than in body tissues.
A disproportionately large percentage of resources in more-developed countries (MDCs) goes to
growing livestock.
Which of these would be best able to reproduce during a period with little to no rainfall?
gymnosperms
Which of these is mismatched?
gymnosperms - fruits
The major cause of the loss in Earth's biodiversity is
habitat loss.
Which of these is a unique characteristic of mammals?
hair
Which type of archaea use a pigment related to the rhodopsin, a pigment found in human eyes, to absorb solar energy and pump chloride ions?
halophiles
White blood cells are different from red blood cells in that white blood cells
have nuclei.
Archaea
have plasma membranes, and most have cell walls.
During a recent hurricane, 25 individuals of the same butterfly species were blown onto a barrier island in southern Florida. When the butterflies first arrived on the island, they did not have to compete for access to food or space. In addition, there were few natural predators such as wasps and birds which were common on the mainland. As a result, the island population will have a _____ biotic potential compared to the mainland population.
higher
A company that owns an office building decides to build a "green roof." Which of the following is least likely to occur as a result?
higher water bills because of the need to irrigate vegetation
The wing of a penguin and the wing of an eagle are
homologous structures
Humans are omnivores as shown by the type of
human teeth.
In 2004, fossil skeletons of a new Homo species were discovered in Indonesia and named Homo floresiensis. Which factor was the key to classifying this species in the genus Homo?
humanlike rather than apelike craniums
Which of the following is part of both the nervous and endocrine systems, and is crucial to maintenance of homeostasis?
hypothalamus
A shared ancestral characteristic used in cladistics is found
in both the outgroup and the ingroup.
Sperm are produced
in the seminiferous tubules.
If a person increases his food intake without increasing his energy need for metabolic functions or processing, what will he need to do in order to maintain his weight?
increase physical activity
Which of the following is inconsistent with the idea of making rural areas more sustainable?
increasing use of extensive irrigation techniques to nurture demanding crops
A phylogenetic tree
indicates common ancestors.
The increase in frequency of dark phenotypes in response to increased pollution is called
industrial melanism.
The failure of a couple to achieve pregnancy after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse is termed
infertility.
Following Lamarck's ideas, if a person were to lose his arm in an accident, then that person's children would
inherit one arm.
After organ transplantation, immunosuppressive drugs are given that
inhibit T cell response to cytokines.
In aquatic ecosystems, primary productivity is most dependent on
inorganic nutrients.
Wings of insects and birds are results of convergent evolution. This means that
insects and birds have each independently evolved structures that serve the same function (flight) but have done so in very different ways.
If you eat a jelly donut, your pancreatic islets will respond by secreting
insulin.
Which of the following is unique to the lysogenic cycle?
integration
Which type of neuron is completely contained within the central nervous system?
interneuron
Most of the world's freshwater supply is used for
irrigating crops.
In the figure shown here, the blood in the chamber indicated by the arrow marked with "X"
is a mixture of O2-poor and O2-rich blood.
The greenhouse effect
is caused by gases such as carbon dioxide trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere.
In animals with four-chambered hearts, the left ventricle
is larger as it pumps blood to the entire body.
Digestion in humans and earthworms
is similar in that in both organisms, digestion is an extracellular process, occurring in a complete digestive tract.
Which of these has radial symmetry?
jellyfish
Which sporozoan characteristic is most consistent with a parasitic lifestyle?
lack of motility
Which of the following is a consequence of removing water from aquifers?
land subsidence including sinkhole formation
At a synovial joint, the bones are bound together by
ligaments.
The smell of crayons always brings back fond memories of kindergarten and makes you feel happy. This is because the olfactory bulbs have direct connections with the
limbic system.
All of the following are true about equilibrium populations except
little or no parental care.
Amphibians are the descendants of
lobe-finned fishes.
Which of the following is a characteristic of equilibrium species?
logistic growth
Desertification and deforestation are similar in that both involve
loss of plant and animal life in an area.
Deforestation may contribute toward climate change because
loss of trees disrupts the carbon cycle, limiting the amount that is absorbed by plants, and increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
A plant has vascular tissue and true roots, stems, and leaves, but it does not produce seeds. The plant has microphylls and bears its sporangia in strobili. This plant is a
lycophyte.
Which of these was the first to have well-developed vascular tissue?
lycophytes
A researcher infects a bacterium with a bacteriophage and notices that the infection does not immediately bring about the destruction of the host cell. Instead, the phage's genetic material is copied whenever the host reproduces. Which viral replication cycle is described here?
lysogenic cycle
Pollen grains are
male gametophytes.
Doctors can easily examine lymph nodes to see if a patient is fighting disease because
many lymph nodes are near the surface of the body.
During the inflammatory response, histamine may be released by
mast cells.
Which structures are found in both ferns and gymnosperms?
megaphylls and vascular tissue
The presence of which feature is the first step to being classified in domain Eukarya?
membrane-bound nucleus
All of the following are characteristics of annelids except
metamorphosis.
Your teenage son comes home late on Friday night and is acting strange. His behavior includes the following characteristics: high agitation, violent behavior, and irritability. These traits are far different from his normal behavior. As a parent you suspect he may have taken a drug. Which drug did he most likely take?
methamphetamine
The ossicles are located in the
middle ear.
What feature is used to classify a sponge as a parazoan?
molecular data
Evolutionary relationships between organisms are determined by
molecular evidence, anatomical homologies, and fossil records.
Egg-laying mammals are known as
monotremes.
Which of these is viviparous?
moose
Biodiversity increases the consumptive value of land, meaning that
more value can be derived from the more diverse products produced by ecosystems with high biodiversity relative to land that has been cleared for agriculture.
Which of these would you expect to thrive in areas with abundant moisture?
mosses, ferns, and lycophytes
The gametophyte is the dominant generation in
mosses.
Blood in veins is
moved toward the heart by skeletal muscle contraction.
Which eating disorder is characterized by a person thinking that his or her body is underdeveloped?
muscle dysmorphia
If a drug prevents calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, it would likely be used as a
muscle relaxant.
Movement of body parts directly requires the
muscular system and skeletal system.
Environmental air temperature can fluctuate many degrees during the course of a day. A human's body temperature
must be maintained within a range of a few degrees.
The body of a typical fungus is termed a(n)
mycelium
The members of a population survive and successfully reproduce due to the specific phenotypes they posses. This is an example of
natural selection.
If damaged, which tissue type will not be able to conduct an impulse?
nervous
If you could mark the ectoderm of a mouse embryo so that all tissues and organs descended from ectoderm were easily identifiable, where would you expect to find the marker?
nervous system and epidermis
If people with freckles preferentially mated with other people with freckles, this would be an example of
nonrandom mating.
What are the key features of chordates?
notochord, dorsal tubular nerve cord, pharyngeal pouches, and a tail
The _____ of a virus is enclosed by a _____ capsid.
nucleic acid; protein
Which source of protein does not contain the nine essential amino acids?
nuts
Although Lamarck hypothesized that adaptations to the environment did occur, he also believed that
offspring inherited characteristics that were acquired by their parents during their lifetime.
Natural selection results in
offspring that are better adapted to their current environment.
Which of the following is an example of the competitive exclusion principle?
one species outcompeting another species in a particular niche
The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
opposes the effects of the sympathetic division.
Which of these is mismatched?
ossicles - joints
By definition, a fruit is derived from the
ovary
Desertification is primarily caused by which of the following activities?
overgrazing of livestock
The respiratory system would respond to a change in
oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.
Contraction of the uterus during childbirth is stimulated by
oxytocin.
You are relaxing, having a snack and watching TV, when suddenly the entire house begins to shake violently. The activity of your _____ quickly decreases, while that of your _____ increases.
parasympathetic division; sympathetic division
An unfertilized egg from a female Komodo dragon may develop directly into a young Komodo dragon. This is an example of
parthenogenesis.
If a woman has an untreated case of chlamydia, it may likely lead to
pelvic inflammatory disease.
Which of the following applies to algae but not protozoans?
photosynthetic
Sympatric speciation occurs more commonly in which types of organisms?
plants
A lower-than-normal level of _____ can result in an increased clotting time.
platelets
The most exclusive level of biological organization that is listed below is
populations.
Two species are said to be closely related if they
possess a common ancestor.
What is the distinctive characteristic of connective tissue?
presence of a matrix
Hair within the nose and cilia lining the respiratory tract
prevent particles from entering the lungs.
Which of these cells is diploid (2n)?
primary oocyte
Trans fats are
produced by hydrogenating unsaturated oils.
In the three-domain system of classification
prokaryotes are classified into two domains, with the organisms in domain Archaea more similar to eukaryotes than to the prokaryotes in domain Bacteria.
How does follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) affect the male reproductive system?
promotes spermatogenesis
Which of the following functions is performed by both the skeletal and muscular system?
protection of internal organs
Which feature is believed to have been the first step in the evolution of land plants from the green algae?
protection of the embryo
One way the complement system acts is by producing
proteins that assist phagocytes in recognizing a pathogen.
Which of the following groups contains at least some members that have cell walls?
protists, bacteria and archaea
Molluscs are
protostomes.
Which group of organisms is it believed that animals evolved from?
protozoan
Multipurpose trees are useful for what purpose?
providing additional products, as well as serving as a windbreak
Arthropods exhibit all of the following characteristics except
pseudocoelom lined with mesoderm.
The blood vessels to the lungs and back are collectively known as the
pulmonary circulation.
Which of the following bones contain red bone marrow in children but not in adults?
radius
Which Hardy-Weinberg condition is violated by sexual selection?
random mating
Which of the following is an example of primary succession?
regrowth and recolonization on Mt. St. Helens in areas covered with rock and lava
In the cardiac cycle, diastole is the
relaxation of heart muscle.
Hydropower and wind power are similar in that both are
renewable energy sources.
In the process of natural selection, individuals that are most fit are the ones that
reproduce the most.
The main reason reptiles are so well-adapted to land environment is their method of
reproduction.
In the context of natural selection, fitness refers to
reproductive success.
Birds are
reptiles, amniotes, chordates and deuterostomes.
Among American warblers, several different species often live in the same spruce trees and eat caterpillars. However, each species reproduces at a slightly different time of year and each species also forages at different areas within the tree canopy. These differences in foraging behaviors and reproduction is an example of
resource partitioning.
Exponential growth
results in accelerating growth.
Which of the following groups contains the foraminifera?
rhizaria
Which fungal disease results in a loss of 1/3 of the world's rice crop every year?
rice blast disease
Which of the following is an autotroph?
rose bush
Ascaris is considered to be a(n)
roundworm.
Bacteria that secrete digestive enzymes into their surroundings in order to decompose nonliving organic matter are called
saprotrophs.
Which bone belongs to the appendicular skeleton?
scapula
Which of these diseases is caused by a flatworm?
schistosomiasis
Which of these has a coelom?
sea star
Which of the following is/are a characteristic(s) of epithelial tissue?
secretion, absorption, protection
The repetition of body parts along the length of an animal's body is termed
segmentation.
Antibodies are _____ proteins, while antigens that elicit an immune reaction are _____ proteins.
self-produced; foreign
Someone who is good at memorizing other people's phone numbers has an excellent _____ memory.
semantic
The nervous system and endocrine system control the body's functions by
sending out messages by nerve impulse and hormones.
When looking at a food label, in order to know how many calories you will ingest, it is important to know total number of calories and
serving size.
A female peacock chooses a mate based on his showy plumage and courtship dance. This is an example of
sexual selection.
Which feature is used to identify the ecdysozoans?
shedding their exoskeleton
If you do not obtain enough iodine in your diet, you will likely develop
simple goiter.
Which of the following is an incorrect match?
sinuses - remove dust particles from the air
Which body system produces red blood cells?
skeletal
Microevolution is the term that applies to which of the following?
small-scale changes over a short period of time
Forests and other natural ecosystems, such as wetlands, exhibit the "sponge effect," meaning that they
soak up water from runoff and rainfall, releasing it at a regular rate that moderates flooding of streams and rivers.
During water toxication (hyponatremia), which electrolytes can become out of balance?
sodium and potassium
One group of protozoans which are nonmotile, produce spores, and have disease-causing species is the
sporozoans
Fiber is important in the diet in
stimulating movements of the large intestine.
Skeletal muscles do not
store fat.
Part Z is
stored food.
Which of the following best describes skin?
stratified epithelium
Skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle are similar in that they are both
striated.
The punctuated equilibrium model of evolution suggests that new species appear
suddenly after long periods of time with little to no change.
A decomposer ultimately obtains all its energy from
sunlight.
Which of the following terrestrial ecosystems is a very cold northern coniferous forest?
taiga
Which two terrestrial biomes are the most similar with regards to rainfall?
temperate deciduous forest and tropical seasonal forest
What is the defining feature of the lophotrochozoans?
tentacle-like feeding structure
The male gonad is the _____, and the female gonad is the _____.
testis; ovary
Which of these correctly traces the path of a sperm from its origin to the point at which it leaves the male reproductive tract?
testis→epididymis→vas deferens→ejaculatory duct→urethra
Which of the following concepts would have been supported by Charles Lyell?
that the Earth and its organisms slowly changed through time
Critical to the theory of evolution, Darwin needed to include an idea that was not generally accepted by scientists or society at that time. That idea was that
the Earth must be very old.
All of the following impact a population's ability to reach biotic potential except
the age at which reproduction ends.
The fovea of the eye is
the area where cones are primarily located.
In protostome development,
the blastopore becomes the mouth.
When a population reaches the stable equilibrium phase, this is considered
the carrying capacity of the environment.
Jacob is studying a population of wrens in Michigan. Over several years, he notices that the population always stabilizes at around 45 individuals. Forty-five individuals is
the carrying capacity.
The term parsimony implies that
the fewer assumptions that are made, the more probable the conclusion.
Directional selection in the modern horse is demonstrated by
the gradual increase in size over millions of years.
AIDS is caused by
the human immunodeficiency virus that destroys helper T cells.
In regards to natural selection, which of the following individuals would be considered the most fit?
the individual that has the greatest number of offspring
Which of these is a hinge joint?
the joint between the femur and the tibia and fibula
If you sprain your ankle, that means
the ligaments and tendons at the ankle joint have been overstretched.
Which of the following is an example of a sedimentary cycle?
the phosphorus cycle
Monkeys in the New World (the Americas) have prehensile tails, strong flexible tails that grip branches and operate much like another hand. Old World (Africa and Asia) monkeys do not have such a tail. The explanation for this is
the prehensile tail evolved in New World monkeys after the Americas separated from Africa and Asia.
Lyell's theory of uniformitarianism stated that
the processes that shape the Earth occur at a constant rate.
According to the sliding filament model, when muscle tissue contracts,
the sarcomeres shorten.
Within a negative feedback loop,
the sensor sends data to the control center.
Which of the following human behaviors is considered sustainable?
the use of the sun in order to produce a readily available form of energy
The presence of vestigial organs supports evidence of evolution because
the vestigial organ is similar to a functional organ in a related species, having been passed down from a common ancestor.
Which of the following would be considered analogous structures?
the wings of a fly and the wings of a sparrow
In random mating
there is no factor influencing mate choice.
All of the following are true of BOTH logistic growth and exponential growth except
they both have a stable equilibrium phase.
Which of the following features are incorrectly matched with the type of blood vessel in which it is found?
thick, well-developed walls due to the presence of a thick layer of smooth muscle - veins
If blood is blocked from reaching the heart muscle and it results in chest pain,
this indicates a heart attack has occurred due to the lack of oxygen to part of the heart muscle.
T lymphocytes mature in the
thymus.
The exophthalmos seen in Graves disease results from hypersecretion of the
thyroid gland.
Groups of similar cells and the surrounding materials that work together to perform a specific function are
tissues.
Darwin's primary mission on the HMS Beagle was to
to act as the ship's naturalist and expand the Navy's knowledge of natural resources around the world.
What is the function of the fungal fruiting body?
to produce spores
Which of the following is an incorrect match?
trans fat - coldwater fish
Ruminants have a stomach that enables them to digest cellulose.
true
Scientific testing has not been performed on many herbal supplements.
true
Which of these is mismatched?
tunicate - has all chordate characteristics as an adult
Which indirect value of biodiversity will have the greatest economical value to people?
two hundred hectares of wetlands in Canada that soak up pollutants and purify water
Which of the following is an example of sympatric speciation?
two related plant species living in the same area that hybridize, then undergo chromosome doubling, which results in the creation of a third species of plant that is unable to reproduce with either of the two original species
Tortoises in the Galápagos possessed neck lengths unique to each island. Neck lengths appear to be an adaptation to which selective agent?
type of vegetation available to eat
The embryo (and later the fetus) is connected to the placenta by the
umbilical cord.
Emperor penguins defend an area around their nests. Their territory encompasses a complete circle around the nest with approximately a 0.5 m radius. If each nesting penguin has this same size and shape territory, what type of distribution will these animals exhibit?
uniform
Which part of male anatomy is part of both the urinary system and the reproductive system?
urethra
Which of the following has reduced fishing pressures on wild populations?
use of aquaculture/aquafarming
Only the glands of the endocrine system
use the bloodstream to convey signals throughout the body.
Which of these serves as the female organ of copulation and the birth canal?
vagina
Which of the following correctly ranks the following food groups in order from most to least amount to be consumed each day?
vegetables, grains, protein, oils
In the figure shown here, the top ECG shown is normal. What condition does the bottom ECG indicate?
ventricular fibrillation
Which of these is present in all fishes?
vertebrae
Yellow-orange and dark-green fruits and vegetables are a good source of
vitamin A.
Bleeding gums and easy bruising of the skin can be symptoms of a deficiency disorder involving
vitamin C.
Regulation of metabolic activities typically involves
vitamins.
The greater the amplitude of sound waves, the greater the
volume.
Lyell's Principles of Geology was the first text to give evidence that the Earth
was undergoing slow and continuous cycles of erosion and uplift.
Biotic environments that influence natural selection include all but which of the following?
weather
Which of the following has the slowest phosphate transfer rate?
weathering of rocks
A neutrophil is a type of
white blood cell.
The fermentation capabilities of ________ are used to produce bread and alcoholic beverages.
yeasts
What is the extraembryonic membrane that serves as the first site of blood cell formation for the embryo?
yolk sac
Which of the following minerals is incorrectly matched with its source?
zinc - fruit
A zygote fails to undergo mitosis because of a mismatch in the number of chromosomes. This is an example of
zygote mortality.
Which of the following statements is true about the majority of arteries in the body?
Arteries transport blood away from the heart and contain a thick wall of smooth muscle.
Which of the following is true about populations with a negative growth rate?
The death rate exceeds the birthrate.
If egg yolks are a source of cholesterol, why doesn't eating a few eggs a week raise blood cholesterol?
The impact on LDL-cholesterol levels is greater from dietary saturated and trans fats than from cholesterol.
Vanessa and her friends are having lunch together. Just as Vanessa takes a drink of her chocolate milk, one of her friends tells a joke. Laughing, Vanessa has some of her milk come out of her nose. What is the explanation for this unusual event?
The laughter interfered with the movement of the soft palate so it did not shut off the nasal cavity.
Which of the following would be considered a parasitic relationship?
The longest tapeworm removed from a human was approximately 11 meters long. Tapeworms do not have a digestive system, but obtain all of their nutrients from the host, which can cause problems for the host especially if he or she is undernourished.
What is meant by an organism's biotic potential?
The maximum rate of population growth with unlimited resources.
Which of the following events would cease to function if the skeletal muscles became temporarily paralyzed?
The movement of blood through the veins would not occur.
Which type of snail would be best suited to hide from predators if this population existed in a variable (mixed patches of light and dark areas) environment?
The multicolored (variable) snails would most easily hide from predators.
