bio final ch 31

The following statements may apply only cnidarians, only to lophotrochozoans, or to both. Which of the following statements applies only to lophotrochozoans?

Organisms go through both bilateral and radial stages of development.

If you live on a river delta or coastline, you may not be able to eat the local clams because of high levels of toxins present in the water. Why?

Clams are filter-feeders and pollutants in the water become concentrated in their tissues.

Why are real bath sponges so soft?

Silica or calcium spicules are removed, leaving only the spongin fibers.

The following statements refer specifically to sponges, specifically to cnidarians, or to both sponges and cnidarians. Which statement applies specifically to cnidarians?

Specialized stinging cells are used to help capture prey.

Which statement about arachnids is inaccurate?

Spiders have trachea for respiration.

Which statement about echinoderms is inaccurate?

The exoskeleton is made up of bony tissue.

Which of the following is true about deuterostomes?

The first opening during embryonic development becomes the anus.

Which of the following statements about hydra morphology is correct?

The hydra is a tube-shaped polyp that has two layers of tissue.

Which description best fits the lophotrochozoa?

As embryos, they have three germ layers that will develop into the organ level of organization as adults.

Which of the following is a characteristic of earthworms?

All of the answer choices are characteristics of earthworms. - segmentation - expanded dorsal surface of the intestine called a typhlosole - hermaphroditic - paired nephridia in each segment

Which of these is a characteristic of sponges?

All of the answer choices are characteristics of sponges. - They are sessile filter feeders. - The body wall has two cell layers. - Flagellated collar cells move water. - Amoeboid cells transport food and make skeletal fibers and gametes.

Which of the following statements is/are true about deuterostomes?

All of the answer choices are true statements about deuterstomes. - The second opening during embryonic development becomes the mouth. - Echinoderms are deuterostomes. - Deuterostomes have a coelom. - Deuterostomes have radial cleavage.

Which statement is true about invertebrate animals?

All of the answer choices are true statements about invertebrates. - The vast majority of animal species are invertebrates. - Many invertebrate species live in a marine environment. - Most animal phyla are invertebrates. - All major invertebrate groups arose from protistan ancestors.

Which of the following is a characteristic of all animals?

All of the answer choices describe characteristics of animals. - They ingest food that is digested in a central cavity. - Usually undergo sexual reproduction. - They produce an embryo that undergoes development in stages. - The adult form is diploid.

Which statement(s) about cnidarians is/are true?

All of the answer choices describe characteristics of cnidarians. - Reproduction is both sexual and asexual. - Some forms are sessile and others are motile. - They live in either marine or freshwater environments. - They have specialized stinging cells that contain a toxin-filled capsule.

Which of the following is a characteristic of echinoderms?

All of the answer choices describe characteristics of echinoderms. - radial symmetry in adults - endoskeleton of spiny, calcium-rich plates - bilateral symmetry in larva - both sexual and asexual reproduction

Which of the following is a feature of arthropods?

All of the answer choices describe features of arthropods. - a solid ventral nerve cord - a variety of respiratory organs - a well-developed nervous system - jointed appendages and a segmented body

Which of the following statements is correct about the flatworms?

All of the answer choices describe flatworms. - Flatworms have three complete tissue layers. - Flatworms may be either free living or parasitic. - Flatworms have a sac body plan, with only a mouth and no anus. - Most planaria are found in marine environments, but some dwell in freshwater and moist terrestrial environments.

Which of the following statements is/are correct about the roundworms?

All the answer choices are true statements about roundworms. - There are three layers of tissues in the body. - Roundworms have a tube-within-a-tube body plan. - There is an internal body cavity called a pseudocoelom. - Roundworms have a smooth, unsegmented outside body wall.

Which of the following statements about sponges is correct?

Amoeboid cells are the sites of digestion in a sponge.

Lophotrochozoa are animals that are organized circularly, so no matter how they are sliced in half longitudinally, mirror images are obtained.

FALSE

Sponges exhibit radial symmetry.

FALSE

Tapeworms are ectoparasites od various vertebrates, including humans.

FALSE

Which of the following is characteristic of flukes?

Flukes have a well-developed alimentary canal.

Which of the following is a way that crayfish and grasshoppers are different?

Grasshoppers have spicules and tracheal tubes that serve as the means of gas exchange, while crayfish have gills.

Clams, snails, sea slugs, and octopuses belong to the phylum

Mollusca.

In which way are crayfish and grasshoppers similar?

Both have antennae that have a sensory function.

Earthworms possess both male and female organs on separate segments; thus, mating consists of "parallel parking" in opposite directions and cross-fertilizing. Given this, which of the following is true?

This is an advantage since they can mate with any other earthworm of the same species that they encounter.

The nervous system of a sea star includes

a central nerve ring that gives off radial nerves in each arm.

A floating Portuguese man-of-war is

a colony of polyps.

Sea stars and sea urchins operate their tube feet by

a hydraulic system that regulates water pressure.

Which body structure describes the freshwater hydra?

a polyp with mouth pointing upward

An adaptation exhibited by the tapeworm for survival in a host's intestine is

a tough integument resistant to the digestive fluids of the host.

An insect circulatory system is best described as

an open system that mostly washes hemolymph "blood" through the hemocoel.

Earthworms are

annelids.

An arachnid differs from a crustacean because

arachnids have four pairs of walking legs.

Echinoderms and cnidarians

are both radially symmetrical.

Which type of organism is characterized by having jointed appendages, ability to molt, and three sets of fused segments?

arthropods

Animals that have no particular symmetry exhibit

asymmetry.

Which of the following organisms exhibit complete metamorphosis?

butterfly

Sea stars reproduce

by sexual means and also by asexual fragmentation.

Which group of organisms has eyes with a lens and a retina similar to those of vertebrates?

cephalopods

Fertilization in the earthworm is accomplished by the use of the

clitellum.

When an earthworm secretes a slime layer to receive eggs and sperm and form a ''cocoon,'' this secretion is produced by the

clitellum.

While exploring, you find an organism washed up on the beach. While inspecting the organism, you find it has two tissue layers and is radially symmetric. What type of organism did you find?

cnidarians

Nematocysts are characteristic of

cnidarians.

Which of the following would be classified in a phylum other than Echinodermata?

crayfish

The life cycle of animals

does not demonstrate alternation of generations; gametes are haploid and the organism is diploid.

Which of the following organisms has a true coelom?

earthworms

A closed circulatory system is found in

earthworms.

A tapeworm infection could result from

eating insufficiently cooked pork.

The most likely ancestors of the chordates are considered to be echinoderms because

embryos of echinoderms and chordates are deuterostomes.

One of the many interesting features of flatworms are flame cells. What are flame cells used for?

excretion of excess water

Which of the following correctly matches the common name with a phylum name?

fluke—Platyhelminthes

Which group of animals have three pairs of legs, a tympanum for reception of sound waves, and Malpighian tubules for excretion?

grasshoppers

Although the many organisms classified as molluscs vary tremendously in appearance, they are all classified in the same phylum because they

have a mantle, visceral mass, and a foot.

The major insect body parts are

head, thorax, and abdomen.

The largest animal group, both in number of species and number of individuals, is the

insects.

A major characteristic of the arthropods is the presence of

jointed appendages.

Earthworms differ from most of the marine annelids in that earthworms

lack paddle-like parapodia that marine annelids have.

Which of the following is an arthropod?

lobsters

If the water vascular system of the echinoderm was damaged, which echinoderm function would be impaired?

locomotion

The cephalopods resemble other molluscs because they have

most of the internal organs located in a visceral mass.

A cnidarian moves via

muscle and nerve fibers.

What system do the cnidaria have that sponges lack?

nervous

Which of these is a bivalve?

oyster

Which of the following is classified as a flatworm?

planaria

A sponge actually feeds by

producing water currents that flow through the pores into the central cavity and out through the osculum.

What part of a tapeworm contains both male and female sex organs and becomes filled with developing embryos?

proglottids

The segments of a tapeworm consisting primarily of eggs, which are located behind the head, are called

proglottids.

Which type of animal symmetry produces mirror images no matter how the animal is sliced longitudinally?

radial symmetry

If the cells of a sponge are separated, the cells will

reassemble into a new organized sponge.

The madreporite helps the sea star

regulate its vascular system.

Ascaris is considered to be a(n)

roundworm.

The head region of a tapeworm is called the

scolex.

Filter feeders are

sessile or relatively inactive.

The bristles that earthworms use to anchor themselves in the earth and pull themselves along are

setae.

Larval Trichinella worms live in the

skeletal muscle of pork.

Sponges are generally protected from predators by the presence of calcium and silica crystals. These crystalline structures are called

spicules.

Which pair exhibits the closest phylogenetic relationship?

spider—tick

"Derm" means "skin," so the name Echinodermata literally means

spiny skin.

Respiratory structures in insects are

spiracles and tracheae.

Which of the following infections is associated with a flatworm?

tapeworm

Planaria feed by

tearing and sucking food particles via a muscular pharynx.

The two layers of tissue in a hydra are

the epidermis that covers and protects, and the gastrodermis where cells that complete digestion are found.

Protostomes are distinguised from deuterostomes based on

the pattern of embryonic development.

The term deuterostome refers to

the second embryonic opening becoming the mouth.

Which of these parasitic worms is a fluke?

the worm that causes schistosomiasis

The insect organ most equivalent to the human lung in function is the

tracheae.

Which of the following organisms is lacking one of the five characteristics typically found in animals?

trypanosome, a single-celled organism that causes sleeping sickness in humans