Bio Final exam

Which term describes the sum of the neutrons and protons in the atomic structure? a. Atomic mass b. Atomic charge c. Atomic number d. Atomic structure

a. Atomic mass

What does using the scientific method in scientific experimentation reduce? a. Bias b. Errors c. Analysis d. Conclusions

a. Bias

Beeswax is composed of which of the following nonpolar biological molecules, shown in this image? a. Lipids b. Proteins c. Nucleic acids d. Carbohydrates

a. Lipids

What kind of reactions are spontaneous chemical reactions that release free energy? a. Voltaic b. Exergonic c. Automated d. Endergonic

b. Exergonic

How is a peptide hormone able to get its signal into a cell? a. It is an intracellular mediator and diffuses between cells b. It cannot cross the cell membrane but binds to surface receptors c. It uses synaptic signaling to send signals between adjacent cells d. It is released into the bloodstream and carried to the target cells

b. It cannot cross the cell membrane but binds to surface receptors

How does exocytosis move substances out of the cell? a. It expels the substance through a membrane pore b. It fuses the vesicle membrane to the cell membrane c. It moves substances from the cell randomly and constantly d. It transports proteins that carry the substances out of the cell

b. It fuses the vesicle membrane to the cell membrane

What is the main difference between matter and energy? a. Matter refers to area, and energy refers to a state b. Matter refers to objects, and energy refers to a property c. Matter refers to power, and energy refers to an strength d. Matter refers to phases, and energy refers to a characteristic

b. Matter refers to objects, and energy refers to a property

What is a group of cells that performs a common function? a. Organ b. Tissue c. Organism d. Eukaryote

b. Tissue

As shown in this image, what kind of solution would draw fluid out of the red blood cell? a. An isotonic solution b. A hypotonic solution c. A hypertonic solution d. A hyperosmotic solution

c. A hypertonic solution

Chlorophylls a and b are widely distributed in green plants. They are found in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. What is their role in photosynthesis? a. They both capture sunlight at the same wavelength that is used to combine carbon dioxide and water to produce sugar b. They are both green in color because they absorb green light that is used to combine carbon dioxide and water to produce sugar c. Chlorophyll a is the primary chlorophyll; Chlorophyll b is an accessory pigment that extends the absorption range of the sunlight that is used to produce sugar d. Chlorophyll a absorbs green light and Chlorophyll b absorbs red light; Both are necessary to capture sunlight that is used to combine carbon dioxide and water to produce sugar

c. Chlorophyll a is the primary chlorophyll; Chlorophyll b is an accessory pigment that extends the absorption range of the sunlight that is used to produce sugar

What phase of mitosis is depicted in this image? a. Anaphase b. Interphase c. Metaphase d. Telophase

c. Metaphase

Which substance is considered to be a strong base when completely ionized in solution? a. HCl b. NaCl c. NaOH d. H2CO3

c. NaOH

Are the three-dimensional structures of DNA and RNA similar? a. Yes, they both adopt A-form helices b. Yes, they both adopt B-form helices c. No, RNA can only adopt the A-form helix d. No, RNA can only adopt the B-form helix

c. No, RNA can only adopt the A-form helix

Which biological macromolecule is responsible for information storage and transfer? a. Lipid b. Protein c. Nucleic acid d. Carbohydrate

c. Nucleic acid

What type of organism are green plants? a. Amylotrophs b. Heterotrophs c. Photoautotrophs d. Chemoautotrophs

c. Photoautotrophs

Carbon dioxide increases and decreases in the atmosphere based on certain activities. Which activities are correctly matched to an increase or decrease of atmospheric CO2? a. Vegetation at its peak in spring increases CO2; Deforestation decreases CO2 b. Deforestation decreases CO2; Carbon sources exceeding carbon reservoirs decreases CO2 c. Releasing fossil fuels through combustion increases CO2; planting pine trees decreases CO2 d. Carbon sources exceeding carbon reservoirs increases CO2; Planting pine trees increases CO2

c. Releasing fossil fuels through combustion increases CO2; planting pine trees decreases CO2

What occurs during the G2 phase of the cell cycle? a. The cell duplicates its centromere b. The cell rests and repairs its organelles c. The cell grows and produces proteins and organelles d. The cell shrinks and synthesizes a copy of its DNA in its nucleus

c. The cell grows and produces proteins and organelles

In cellular respiration, where does glycolysis and the citric acid cycle take place, respectively? a. nucleus; mitochondria b. mitochondria; nucleus c. cytoplasm; mitochondria d. mitochondria, cytoplasm

c. cytoplasm; mitochondria

A solution with a pH of 5 has how many more hydrogen ions in it than a solution with a pH of 8? a. 5 times b. 10 times c. 100 times d. 1,000 times

d. 1,000 times

What does the A stand for in this nucleotide? a. Alanine b. Acetate c. Arginine d. Adenosine

d. Adenosine

What happens during the anaphase of mitosis? a. The nucleus disappears or dissolves b. Chromatin begins to become more tightly coiled c. Chromosomes become attached to spindle fibers d. Chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell

d. Chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell

DNA encodes RNA. RNA encodes protein. Which of the following best describes the last part of the Central Dogma? a. Genes specify the sequence of nucleotides, which then specify the protein sequence b. Genes specify the sequence of amino acids, which then specify the protein sequence c. Genes specify the sequence of tRNA molecules, which then specify the protein sequence d. Genes specify the sequence of mRNA molecules, which then specify the protein sequence

d. Genes specify the sequence of mRNA molecules, which then specify the protein sequence

This is a diagram of C4 photosynthesis. Where do the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin Cycle occur? a. When it is dark b. In the thylakoid c. Near the root of the plant d. In different parts of the cell

d. In different parts of the cell

These organelles produce ATP via respiration and contain DNA. What are they? a. Nucleus b. Ribosomes c. Chloroplasts d. Mitochondria

d. Mitochondria

At the end of the Citric Acid Cycle, which product is regenerated? a. CO2 b. H2O c. NADH d. Oxaloacetate

d. Oxaloacetate

How does one distinguish the end of mitosis vs. meiosis of human cells? a. Both resulting cells have 23 chromosomes b. Both resulting cells have 46 chromosomes c. There are 23 chromosomes at the end of mitosis and 46 chromosomes in meiosis d. There are 46 chromosomes at the end of mitosis and 23 chromosomes in meiosis

d. There are 46 chromosomes at the end of mitosis and 23 chromosomes in meiosis

What is common to all of these organisms in the "tree of life"? a. They all reproduce sexually b. They all respond to the same stimuli c. They all obtain food heterotrophically d. They are all composed of one or more cells

d. They are all composed of one or more cells

Why do scientists seek to compare ancestral patterns? a. To modify genes b. To use data for commercial purposes c. To identify genes in regards to race and gender d. To characterize genes in present and future diseases

d. To characterize genes in present and future diseases

Hydra reproduce by cloning, this is an example of: a. mitosis b. meiosis c. sexual reproduction d. asexual reproduction

d. asexual reproduction