BIO-HARVESTING ENERGY

Which of the following is true? Physical activity had equal impact on weight as foods eaten. Physical activity varied too much by sex to make any determination regarding its impact on weight as compared to food choices. Physical activity had less impact on weight than foods eaten. Physical activity had more impact on weight than foods eaten.

Physical activity had less impact on weight than foods eaten.

Which statement describes the citric acid cycle? This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration. This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion. This process joins 2 pyruvic acid molecules into a molecule of glucose. This process converts pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA. This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose.

This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion.

Which of these enters the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle)? acetyl CoA NADH + H+ G3P pyruvate glucose

acetyl CoA

Which of these is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle)? CO2 FADH2 NADH + H+ ATP acetyl CoA

acetyl CoA

What is the correct general equation for cellular respiration? 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy C6H12O6 + 6 CO2 → 6 O2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy C6H12O6 + 6 H2O → 6 CO2 + 6 O2 + ATP energy 6 O2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy → C6H12O6 + 6 CO2

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy

What effect does watching television have on weight? As television watching increases, weight also increases. As television watching decreases, weight increases. Weight loss or gain depended on what type of television programs were viewed. As television watching increases, weight decreases.

As television watching increases, weight also increases.

Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell? citric acid cycle electron transport chain glycolysis acetyl CoA formation ATP production by ATP synthase

glycolysis

What is the purpose of fermentation? to generate ATP without using glycolysis to convert NADH back into NAD+ and FADH2 back into FAD to extract energy from pyruvate to convert NADH back into NAD+ to generate ATP without using oxygen

to convert NADH back into NAD+

In glycolysis there is a net gain of _____ ATP. 3 2 1 4

2

For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ NADH enter the electron transport chain. 10 4 2 0 6

10

How many NADH are produced by glycolysis?

2

According to this study, which of the following is true? If a person quits smoking, they are likely to gain weight. If a person quits smoking, they are likely to neither gain nor lose weight. Quitting smoking and weight loss are too variable to adequately compare. If a person quits smoking, they are likely to lose weight.

If a person quits smoking, they are likely to gain weight.

During electron transport, energy from _____ is used to pump hydrogen ions into the _____. NADH ... mitochondrial matrix NADH and FADH2 ... intermembrane space NADH and FADH2 ... mitochondrial matrix acetyl CoA ... intermembrane space NADH ... intermembrane space

NADH and FADH2 ... intermembrane space

What does NADH contain that is useful to a cell? nothing, NADH is a waste product high-energy phosphate oxygen ion high-energy electrons hydrogen ion

high-energy electrons

The final electron acceptor of cellular respiration is _____. water oxygen NADH CO2 FADH2

oxygen

In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by _____. photosynthesis cellular respiration oxidative phosphorylation photophosphorylation substrate-level phosphorylation

substrate-level phosphorylation

In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose breakdown? ATP NADPH ADP Pyruvate FADH2

ATP

Which energy-rich molecule produced by cellular respiration directly powers cell work? glucose ATP oxygen water

ATP

Which of the following is the primary energy carrier for cells? glucose pyruvate FADH2 glycogen ATP NADH

ATP

You want to lose weight. Which of the following combinations would likely work best? Avoid nuts, eat whole wheat bread, and sleep for less than 7 hours per night. Eat nuts and refined bread, and sleep less than 7 hours per night. Avoid nuts, eat refined bread, and sleep 7-8 hours per night. Eat nuts and whole wheat bread, and sleep for 7-8 hours per night.

Eat nuts and whole wheat bread, and sleep for 7-8 hours per night.

If photosynthesis and respiration are almost symmetrical processes, how is energy lost in the process of converting sugar back into ATP? Energy is lost as ATP during glycolysis. Energy is lost as heat during glycolysis and respiration. Energy is lost in water when O2 gets converted into H2O. Energy is lost in the form of CO2. Energy is lost as light during photosynthesis.

Energy is lost as heat during glycolysis and respiration.

Which of these is NOT a product of glycolysis? ATP FADH2 water NADH + H+ pyruvate

FADH2

According to this study, which of the following would be best to avoid if you want to lose weight? fruit juices red meat French fries peanut butter

French fries

Why is respiration a better method than fermentation for extracting energy from glucose? Respiration uses up the NADH produced in glycolysis, producing more ATP. Fermentation uses up the NADH produced in glycolysis without producing any more ATP. Respiration extracts energy from pyruvate that is wasted in fermentation. Fermentation produces no CO2 and H2O. Fermentation produces a toxic by-product that must be broken down.

Respiration extracts energy from pyruvate that is wasted in fermentation.

Which of the following occurs immediately after a cell runs out of oxygen? The electron transport chain stops. The fermentation reactions stop. The glycolysis reactions stop. The fermentation reactions begin. The Krebs cycle stops.

The electron transport chain stops.

Which statement describes glycolysis? This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration. This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion. This process joins 2 pyruvic acid molecules into a molecule of glucose. This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose. This process converts pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA.

This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose.

Which statement describes the electron transport chain? This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration. This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion. This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose. This process joins 2 pyruvic acid molecules into a molecule of glucose. This process converts pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA.

This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration.

What is the purpose of the electron transport chain? to move high-energy electrons from electron carriers to H2O to move high-energy electrons from electron carriers to ATP To use energy from the passing of electrons in electron carriers into a high concentration of hydrogen ions to return NAD+ and FAD to the rest of the reactions of energy extraction to convert energy in electron carriers into ATP

To use energy from the passing of electrons in electron carriers into a high concentration of hydrogen ions

Which of the following molecules is broken down in cellular respiration, providing fuel for the cell? glucose ATP water oxygen

glucose

A line of mutated yeast cells, called Wee mutants, has no mitochondria. Their name comes from the fact that these cells are very small compared to other yeast cells. Which energy-harvesting processes can Wee mutants perform? glycolysis the aerobic processes glycolysis and fermentation glycolysis, fermentation, and respiration cellular respiration

glycolysis and fermentation

Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration? glycolysis → citric acid cycle → acetyl CoA → electron transport chain electron transport chain → citric acid cycle → glycolysis → acetyl CoA citric acid cycle → electron transport chain → glycolysis → acetyl CoA acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain → glycolysis glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain

glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain

The proximate (immediate) source of energy for oxidative phosphorylation is _____. kinetic energy that is released as hydrogen ions diffuse down their concentration gradient ATP ATP synthase NADH and FADH2 substrate-level phosphorylation

kinetic energy that is released as hydrogen ions diffuse down their concentration gradient

In muscle cells, fermentation produces _____. pyruvate lactate and NAD+ carbon dioxide, ethanol, NAD+, and ATP lactate and NADH carbon dioxide, ethanol, NADH, and ATP

lactate and NAD+

In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain? chloroplast mitochondrion lysosome nucleus Golgi apparatus

mitochondrion

In cellular respiration, most ATP molecules are produced by _____. cellular respiration photosynthesis substrate-level phosphorylation oxidative phosphorylation photophosphorylation

oxidative phosphorylation

In the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle), ATP molecules are produced by _____. oxidative phosphorylation photosynthesis photophosphorylation substrate-level phosphorylation cellular respiration

substrate-level phosphorylation

What are the net products of glycolysis? two ATP, two NADH, and two pyruvate four ATP, NADH, two pyruvate, and six CO2 four ATP, two NADH, and two pyruvate two ATP, two NADH, and six CO2 four ATP, NADH, two pyruvate, and two CO2

two ATP, two NADH, and two pyruvate