BIO Module 3

Enzymes are named based on the substrate that they bind; this is possible because

an enzyme binds one specific substrate.

Mitochondria & chloroplasts are similar in that they both ________; but are different in that mitochondria, but not chloroplasts, ______________.

are involved in energy conversions; are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells

The figure below demonstrates which key concept regarding cell activities? (Girl doing bicep curl)

coupled reactions

All cells have some characteristics in common; both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have

cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and DNA.

Which of the following terms best describes entropy?

disorder

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the first law of thermodynamics?

energy can be neither created nor destroyed but it can be changed from one form to another.

Metabolic pathways are known for all of the following EXCEPT

enzymes to help raise the energy of activation.

Since the plasma membrane blocks the passage of all but a few molecules with specific traits it is necessary for other molecules to

pass through the membrane via proteins.

Which structures determine the flexibility of the extracellular matrix?

proteins

Which of the following organelles is not surrounded by a membrane?

ribosomes

Which of the following is not a function of junction proteins?

to permit cells to recognize one another.

ATP is a good source of energy for a cell because

its breakdown is coupled with energy-requiring reactions.

Which of the following is an INCORRECT match?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum - storage of water

Resolving power is

the ability to tell two points apart as separate points.

In the set-up shown in the figure below, which of the following statements would describe what would be observed after 12 hours of time have (beaker: 2% protein 12% salt 6% glucose; tube: 18% protein 4% salt 20% glucose; membrane impermeable to water)

the level of the solution in the tube would rise because there are now more dissolved solutes in the tube than the beaker.

The second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in more disordered energy. How do living organisms, which depend on chemical potential converting to kinetic energy to fuel their function, continue to live?

they must constantly take in chemical potential energy for fuel and excrete waste

The plasma membrane's hydrophilic part faces the outside of the cell and the cytoplasm.

true

Pickles are often preserved in a 20-30% salt solution called brine. How does this method prevent contamination by microorganisms?

Bacteria can't survive in a hypertonic solution because they lose water.

CH 5

CH 5

Where do the vesicles that are being made for secretion from the cell become modified and packaged?

Golgi apparatus

Both starch and cellulose are made by stringing together many glucose molecules, but starch is easily digested by humans while cellulose is indigestible. The starch polysaccharide has every bond occurring below the sugar rings while the bonds in cellulose alternate between one bond above the ring and the next below the ring. How can you explain the human's inability to digest cellulose?

The enzyme that breaks down starch can only fit the specific bond configuration of bonds below the ring.

Because it is a passive process, which membrane transport process can continue whether the cell is alive or dead?

diffusion

A patient who is admitted to the hospital shares that she has been taking a series of "water pills" to help her lose weight. Her skin and mucous membranes are dry, and she is complaining of a headache. The physician on call asks for an IV treatment to be promptly administered. Based on the information given, what would likely be the type of IV solution given to this patient?

hypotonic

Compared with a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell

lacks organelles beyond ribosomes.

The opposite of a turgid plant cell is a

plasmolyzed plant cell.

What prevents a plant cell from bursting in a hypotonic solution?

cell wall

What statement below is correct when comparing plant and animal cells?

Both plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane and plant cells also have a cell wall.

Why do metabolic pathways require tens to hundreds of different enzymes?

Each enzyme has a specific substrate and produces a specific product.

Which is the most common type of intercellular junction between cells of the bladder?

adhesion junctions

Which of the areas shown in the figure below indicates the presence of an enzyme in the movement of reactant over to product?

c (energy of activation, less needed)

When neurons release their neurotransmitters, they release them by secretory vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane thereby emptying their contents into an area that can stimulate some response. What type of cellular transport is occurring as the vesicle forms and then surfaces on the cell's plasma membrane?

exocytosis

What process typically regulates the enzymes involved in metabolic reactions?

feedback inhibition

The stack of thylakoids labeled "A" in this figure is called

granum.

The figure below reflects how these two cells would respond in a _______ environment. (shriveled cells, cytoplasm shrinks from cell walls)

hypertonic

As a molecule moves through the plasma membrane it passes through

a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads then a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails and then another hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads.

What function does the nucleolus have?

codes for the synthesis of ribosomal RNA

Plant cells have plasmodesmata that

connect the cytoplasm of one cell with that of another.

Which of the following statements describes the function of a chloroplast?

It converts light energy into chemical energy.