bio photosynthesis review
which step consist of a phosphorylation reaction in which ATP is the phosphate source?
A
starting with one molecule of isocitrate and ending with fumarate, what is the maximum number of ATP molecules that could be made through substrate-level phosphorylation?
A. 1
what does cyclic electron flow in the chloroplast produce?
A. ATP
in the absence of oxygen, yeast cells can obtain energy by fermentation, resulting in the production of
A. ATP, CO2 and ethanol (ethyl alcohol)
what is the term used for the metabolic pathway in glucose (C6H12O6) is degraded to carbon dioxide (CO2) and water?
A. Cellular respiration
organisms that can exist with light as an energy source and an inorganic form of carbon and other raw materials...
A. are called photoautotrophs
a molecule that is phosphorylated...
A. has an increased chemical reactivity; it is primed to do cellular work
you have a friend who lost 7 kg ( about 15 lbs) of fat on a "low carb" diet. how did the fat leave her body?
A. it was released as CO2 and H2O
a plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment. the leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. what wavelengths of visible light are not being absorbed by this pigment?
A. red and yellow
Where does the calvin cycle take place?
A. stroma of the chloroplast
the ATP made during glycolysis is generated by
A. substrate level phosphorylation
during aerobic cellular respiration a proton gradient in mitochondria is generated by ______ and used primarily for _____
A. the electron transport chain ; ATP synthesis
which step of glycolysis shows a split of one molecule into two smaller molecules?
B
the oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event?
B. accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain
the primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to
B. act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water
cellular respiration harvests the most chemical energy from which of the following?
B. chemiosmotic phosphorylation
during aerobic respiration, electrons travel downhill in which sequence?
B. food, NADH, electron transport chain, oxygen
which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen (o2) is present or absent?
B. glycolysis
in the thylakoid membranes, what is the main role of the antenna pigment molecules?
B. harvest photons and transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll
what is the primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis?
B. to produce ATP and NADPH
In which step is an inorganic phosphate added to the reactant?
C
how many molecules of carbon dioxide would be produced by five turns of the citric acid cycle?
C. 10
in addition to ATP what are the end products of glycolysis?
C. NADH and pyruvate
where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?
C. mitochondrial inner membrane
during oxidative phosphorylation, water is formed. Where does the oxygen for the synthesis of the water come form?
C. molecular oxygen
in chemiosmotic phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP+ Pi to ATP?
D. energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase
where is ATP synthase located in the mitochondrion?
D. inner membrane
energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ ions int o which location?
D. mitochondrial intermembrane space
the direct energy source that drives ATP synthesis during respiratory oxidative phosphorylation is
D. the difference in H+ concentrations on opposite sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane
which of the following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis are true ?
E. A,B and C are true
which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the calvin cycle?
E. ATP and NADPH
which of the following statements are correct about an oxidation-reduction (or redox) reaction?
E. both the molecule that is reduced gains electrons and the molecule that is oxidized loses electrons
inside an active mitochondrion, most electrons follow which type of pathway?
E. citric acid cycle, NADH, electron transport chain, oxygen
where does glycolysis takes place?
E. cytosol
What does the chemiosmotic process in chloroplasts involve?
a. establishment of a proton gradient
CAM plants keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this because they
a. fix CO2 into organic acids during the night.
Where do the enzymatic reactions of the Calvin cycle take place?
a. stroma of the chloroplast
Photorespiration lowers the efficiency of photosynthesis by preventing the formation of
b. 3-phosphoglycerate molecules
reduction of oxygen which forms water
b. B, respiration
In which cell would you expect photorespiration?
b. Cell II
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?
b. Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules, while respiration releases it.
Oxygen would inhibit the CO2 fixation reactions in
b. cell II only
synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism
c. C, both photosynthesis and respiration
In mitochondria, chemiosmosis translocates protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space, whereas in chloroplasts, chemiosmosis translocates protons from
c. the stroma to the thylakoid space.
In a plant cell, where are the ATP synthase complexes located?
d. A and C (thylakoid and inner mitochondrial membranes)
Which of the following statements is true concerning the figure?
d. A and C are true.
Of the following, what do both mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common?
d. B and C only (chemiosmosis and ATP synthase)
Assume a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer separated from the stroma. This damage will have the most direct effect on which of the following processes?
d. the synthesis of ATP
all of the following are functions of the citric acid cycle EXCEPT
e. adding electrons and protons to oxygen, forming water
What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle?
e. synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide