Bio Quiz 7

The hypothalamus secretes 1.__________ which acts on the anterior pituitary, causing secretion of 2.__________ which acts on the 3.__________ causing about 12-20 ovarian follicles to begin to develop and to produce 4.__________ which in turn causes proliferation of the 5.__________ of the uterus and the LH surge prior to 6.___________.

1 → GnRH, 2 → FSH & LH, 3 → OVARY, 4 → ESTROGEN, 5 → ENDOMETRIUM, 6 → OVULATION

After ovulation, ___1___ acts on the remaining follicle cells to promote the development of the ___ 2___ , which produces estrogen and large amounts of ____3____ , which then causes the endometirum to become ____4____ in preparation for ____5____ should fertilization of the ovum occur.If the ovum is not fertilized the corpus luteum ____ 6____ resulting in a drop of estrogen and progesterone levels. The endometrium then sloughs off in the ____7____ . The drop in estrogen and progesterone removes the ____ 8_____ and the GnRH is produced by the _____9____ and the cycle beings again.

1 → LH, 2 → corpus luteum, 3 → progesterone, 4 → nutritive & receptive, 5 → implantation, 6 → degenerates, 7 → menstrual flow, 8 → negative feedback Inhibition, 9 → hypothalamus

If a woman's menstrual cycle is _______ days, ovulation will take place on the ______ day of her cycle.

28 ; 14th, 35 ; 21st

LABEL THE ABOVE CHART WITH THE APPROPRIATE PHASES OF THE OVARIAN AND UTERINE CYCLES. See desk top image "OVARIAN CYCLE"

A → Ovulation, B → Follicular Phase, C → Luteal phase, D → Menstruation (menses), E → Proliferative phase, F → Secretory phase

When does positive feedback occur during the menstrual cycle?

Around the time of ovulation

Which of the following are TRUE?

At the beginning of the menstrual cycle, FSH and LH stimulate development of tertiary ovarian follicles, which begin to produce estrogen., Because of increased estrogen from the ovarian follicles, an LH surge occurs, triggering ovulation., After ovulation, under the influence of LH, a new gland is formed from the follicle cells left behind in the ovary. It is called the corpus luteum., The corpus luteum secretes progesterone and estrogen, preparing the endometrium for a potential pregnancy., Increased levels of estrogen and progesterone inhibit FSH and LH secretion from the anterior pituitary.

What would happen to the GnRH and LH levels of a woman who received daily treatment with a drug that prevented estradiol from being detected by estrogen receptors during the early follicular phase of her menstrual cycle?

Both GnRH and LH release would increase

Which of the following statements are TRUE?

Data on short-term and, particularly, long-term risks of egg donation is not comprehensive., Women donating eggs are offered up to $10,000 per procedure but have not received that much., Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is one risk of egg donation. Long-term issues of fertility are not clearly linked.

When is the concentration of progesterone highest during the menstrual cycle?

During the luteal phase

Which of the following are TRUE?

FSH stimulates the synthesis in APB (androgen binding protein) from Sertoli cells in seminiferous tubules, Sex hormones (estrogens and androgens) are synthesized by the adrenal glands

Which of the following are true about the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis?

GnRH is produced by neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus., FSH and LH are produced in the anterior pituitary., Sertoli cells produce Androgen Binding Protein (ABP) under the influence of FSH and testosterone.

Which of the following are TRUE regarding development of follicles?

It takes about a year for a primordial follicle to develop and become a growing tertiary follicle., Primordial follicles are formed in utero., Tertiary follicles respond to FSH because they have an FSH receptor.

Which of the following are TRUE?

Lower progesterone in women can result in a shorter luteal phase., A very light menstruation in a woman can be the result of low progesterone levels., Egg donors have their hormones controlled to lower the effects of GnRH, LH and FSH to inhibit ovulation.

Which of the following are TRUE?

Prolactin triggers the production of milk., Oxytocin triggers the expulsion of milk and contractions of the myometrium., Sucking on the breast triggers the hypothalamus to cause the anterior pituitary to produce prolactin and the posterior pituitary to produce oxytocin.

Which of the following are TRUE about the menstrual cycle?

Rising estrogen levels during the follicular phase causes the endometrium lining to enlarge and, when high, stimulates the release of LH., Inhibin acts as negative feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary, reducing FSH levels, Progesterone levels in the blood are highest during the luteal/secretory phase of the menstrual cycle.

Your sister asks you why the combination pill works so effectively to prevent pregnancy. You can correctly tell her it works because:

The combination pill contains progesterone and estrogen which act as negative feedback on GnRH, FSH and LH, so no ovulation occurs., The progesterone in the pill acts on the endometrial lining so implantation fails to properly take place.

Which of the following are TRUE?

The female menstrual cycle consists of two parts, the ovarian cycle and the uterine cycle, The female menstrual cycle begins anew with the first day of menstuation (period), A female has all the ovarian follicles (eggs) she will have prior to birth., During the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, levels of estrogen gradually increase., The luteal phase of the menstrual cycle lasts 14 days., If a woman's menstrual cycle is 21 days, ovulation will take place on the 7th day of her cycle.

Stress can result in:

missed menstrual cycles., lowered sperm count., lower androgen levels.

Your friend tells you that she feels very abnormal because she sometimes experiences pleasurable sexual sensations when nursing her infant. After taking Bio 330 you can correctly tell her that:

oxytocin released during nursing causes uterine contractions similar to those during orgasm., prolactin causes the production of milk, while oxytocin causes the milk to be expelled. Oxytocin acts on the myoepithelial cells causing them to contract., nursing is the stimulus for milk production and expulsion., oxytocin released during nursing acts on sexual arousal centers in the brain

The anterior pituitary secretes

prolactin, a hormone involved in milk production, FSH (follicle stimulating hormone), LH (luteinizing hormone)