Bio Sci 315 Exam 1
The sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA double helix contains many negative charges and is hydrophilic a. True b. False
a . True
The TATA box is: a. A DNA sequence that helps initiate gene transcription b. A DNA sequence that helps terminate gene transcription c. An RNA sequence that helps initiate gene transcription d. An RNA sequence that helps terminate gene translation
a. A DNA sequence that helps initiate gene transcription
Deoxyribonycleotides consists of purine molecules such as: a. Adenine b. Thymine c. Uracil d. Cytosine
a. Adenine
For each statement below, which one is false? a. All highly conserved stretches of DNA in the genome are transcribed into RNA b. To find functionally important regions of the genome, it is more useful to compare species whose last common ancestor lived 100 million years ago rather than 5 million years ago c. Proteins required for growth, metabolism, and cell division are more highly conserved than those involved in development and in response to the environment d. Introns and transposons tend to accelerate the evolution of new genes.
a. All highly conserved stretches of DNA in the genome are transcribed into RNA
Which class of histones is not found in the octameric core? a. H1 b. H2A and H2B c. H3 d. H4
a. H1
The gene encoding DNA polymerase involved in DNA replication can be inactivated by a mutation in a cell. The cell attempts to replicate its DNA. What will happen in the absence of DNA polymerase? a. No replication can take place at all. RNA primers will be laid down at the origin of replication b. The lagging DNA strand will consist of newly synthesized fragments with both RNA and RNA c. The rate of DNA replication will be greatly slowed down d. Some new DNA will be synthesized.
a. No replication can take place at all. RNA primers will be laid down at the origin of replication
Select the one cellular structure or compartment that is not found in animal cells a. Plasmodesmata b. Golgi Aparatus c. Endoplasmic reticulum d. Plasma membrane
a. Plasmodesmata
For each statement below, which one is false? a. The increased complexity of humans compared with flies and worms is largely due to the vastly larger number of genes in humans b. Repeats of the CA dinucleotide are useful for crime investigations and other forensic applications c. Most single-nucleotide polymorphisms cause no observable functional differences between individual humans d. Humans and mouse chromosomes show extensive synteny.
a. The increased complexity of humans compared with flies and worms is largely due to the vastly larger number of genes in humans
3D structure of a protein dictates its function by determining specificity for other molecules a. True b. False
a. True
Binding between protein and ligand generally involves covalent bonds. a. True b. False
a. True
Binding sites allow ligand-protein specific interactions a. True b. False
a. True
Disulfide bonds help stabilize a favored protein conformation a. True b. False
a. True
Each eukaryotic chromosome must contain the following DNA sequence elements: Multiple origins of replication, 2 telomeres, and one centromere a. True b. False
a. True
Small non-protein coding RNAs, such as microRNAs can regulate the expression of protein-coding genes by controlling mRNA stability and translation a. True b. False
a. True
Small non-protein coding RNAs, such microRNAs can regulate the expression of protein-coding genes by controlling mRNA stability and translation a. True b. False
a. True
The sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA double helix contains many (-) charges and is hydrophilic a. True b. False
a. True
Which model system works the best in order to study gene mutations in the cell cycle? a. Yeast b. Caenorhabditis elegans c. Mice d. Arabidopsis
a. Yeast
Arrange the sizes of the following from largest to smallest: a. cells, organelles, molecules, atoms b. cells, molecules, atoms, organelles c. cells, molecules, organelles, atoms d. atoms, molecules, organelles, cells
a. cells, organelles, molecules, atoms
Each eukaryotic chromosome must contain the following DNA sequence elements: a. multiple origins of replication, 2 telomers & 1 centromere b. mitotic spindles, and traces of GTP c. DNA sequence elements d. only one origin of replication, enzymes, and centromere
a. multiple origins of replication, 2 telomers & 1 centromere
A genetic mutation that changes a single nucleotide in the coding region always results in an amino acid difference in the protein a. True b. False
b. False
Binding between protein and ligand is generally irreversible a. True b. False
b. False
Cytosol contains membrane-enclosed organelles, such as the mitochondria: a. True b. False
b. False
Many proteins have ONLY one binding site a. True b. False
b. False
Most genes in vertebrates are unique, and only a few genes are members or multigene families a. True b. False
b. False
Noncovalent bonds are too weak to influence the 3D structure of the protein complex a. True b. False
b. False
The genetic mutation that changes a single nucleotide in the coding region always results in an amino acid difference in the protein a. True b. False
b. False
The replication fork is asymmetrical because it contains two DNA polymerase molecules that are structurally distinct a. True b. False
b. False
Which of the following statements is not true about histones? a. They are rich in positive charged amino acids b. Great deal of diversity in histones from various eukaryotes c. They form dimers through "handshake" interactions d. All true
b. Great deal of diversity in histones from various eukaryotes
Which level of organization does a-helix and b-sheet belong to? a. primary structure b. secondary structure c. tertiary structure d. quaternary structure
b. secondary structure
5'-GGATTTTTGTCCACAATCA-3' What is the sequence of the complementary strand? a. 5'-GGATTTTTGTCCACAATCA-3' b. 3'-GGATTTTTGTCCACAATCA-5' c. 3'-CCTAAAAACAGGTGTTAGT-5' d. 5'-CCTAAAAACAGGTCTTGT-3'
c. 3'-CCTAAAAACAGGTGTTAGT-5'
Which of the following is not a type of mRNA modification that occurs in eukaryotes: a. 3' poly A tail b. Splicing c. Methylation d. 5' capping
c. Methylation
What feature distinguishes a eucaryotic cell from a procaryotic cell? a. Presence of a plasma membrane b. Eukaryotic cell is larger c. Presence of a nucleus d. Presence of DNA
c. Presence of a nucleus
Describe the consequences that would arise if a eukaryotic chromosome lacked one or both telomeres a. The rate of DNA replication would severely limit the rate of cell division b. Many mutations occur during DNA replication c. The chromosome ends would gradually shrink. Eventually, essential genes would be lost, leading to cells death
c. The chromosome ends would gradually shrink. Eventually, essential genes would be lost, leading to cells death
If an organism has the anticodon region of its tRNA for Alanine mutated, what is a possible consequence? a. The tRNA may no longer bind Alanine b. The tRNA may insert a different amino acid where Alanine is supposed to go. c. The tRNA may insert Alanine into a protein where another amino acid is supposed to go. d. None of the above
c. The tRNA may insert Alanine into a protein where another amino acid is supposed to go.
The a-helix and B-sheet are found in many different proteins because they're formed by: a. Covalent interaction b/w amino acid and polypeptide backbone b. Ionic interaction between charged amino acid side chains c. hydrogen bonding between atoms of the polypeptide backbone
c. hydrogen bonding between atoms of the polypeptide backbone
What types of non-covalent bonds help protein fold? a. Hydrogen bond b. Ionic Bond c. Van der Waals attraction d.All of the above
d.All of the above
The cell theory includes all of the following except: a. All organisms are composed of one or more cells b. Cells arise by division of preexisting cells c. The cell is the structural unit of life d. All cells have a different basic chemistry
d. All cells have a different basic chemistry
Deoxyribonycleotides consists of pyrimidine molecules such as: a. Adenine b. Uracil c. Guanine d. Cytosine
d. Cytosine
What unit of length would you generally use to give the measurements of a typical human cell? a. Centimeters b. Nanometers c. Millimeters d. Micrometers
d. Micrometers
Nucleotides are linked together by: a. Base pairs b. Noncovalent bonds c. Hydrophobic components of the DNA backbone d. Phosphodiester linkage between specific C-atoms of ribose
d. Phosphodiester linkage between specific C-atoms of ribose