Bio Test 2- set 3

which one of the following provides the central nervous system with info about the outside environment

sensory division

transmits impulses towards the central nervous system

sensory neurons

info coming into the central nervous system arrives via ____ while information going from the central nervous system to the muscles, glands, and organs travels via ____

sensory neurons; motor neurons

all of the following are functions of the myelin sheath except which one

the myelin sheath plays an important role in synaptic transmission

electrical impulses are transmitted between components of the central nervous system via which one of the following

interneurons

transmits impulses within the central nervous system

interneurons

when neurotransmitter molecules bind to receptors in the plasma membrane of the receiving neuron,

ion channels in the plasma membrane of the receiving neuron open

during a brain surgery, a surgeon passes an instrument through the dura mater. which one of the following does the surgeon pass thorugh next

arachnoid

oligodendrocytes are similar to schwann cells in that they

are a type of neuroglial cell

control of smooth muscle and internal organs is the role of the ____ division of the nervous system

autonomic

a nerve impulse moves away from a neuron's cell body along

axons

a nerve impulse moves toward a neuron's cell body along

dendrites

the central nervous system is enclosed by membranes or meninges called the

dura matter, pia matter, and arachnoid

the 3 main anatomical and functional divisions of the brain are the

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

an impulse relayed along a myelinated axon "jumps" from ___ to ___

node of Ranvier to node of Ranvier

progressive, degenerative disorder caused by a shortage of dopamine in the brain; symptoms include muscle tremors in hands and feet and an eventual loss of mobility

parkinson's disease

which of the following cell types makes up the majority of cells in the nervous system

neuroglial cells

a molecule that carries information across a synaptic cleft is a

neurotransmitter

what type of cell makes up the myelin sheath of a motor neuron

Schwann cells

a neuron's nucleus is located in its

cell body

the brain and the spinal cord make up the

central nervous system

inflammation of the brain' symptoms include headaches, hallucinations, and disturbances in speech and behavior; often caused by a viral infection

encephalitis

condition characterized by seizures and abnormal periods of brain electrical activity

epilepsy

inflammation of the connective tissue layers surrounding the organs of the central nervous system

meningitis

transmits impulses away from the central nervous system

motor neurons

autoimmune disorder that results in damage to the myelin sheaths of CNS neurons; transmission of impulses is subsequently disrupted

multiple sclerosis

axons insulated by a _____ are able to conduct impulses faster than those not so insulated

myelin sheath

the small space between the sending neuron and the receiving neuron is the

synaptic cleft

what part of a neuron relays signals from one neuron to another neuron or to an effector

synaptic terminals

if a signal from a sending neuron makes the receiving neuron more negative inside

the receiving neuron is less likely to generate an action potential

when calcium ions enter the synaptic terminal

they cause vesicles contianing neurotransmitter molecules to fuse to the plasma membrane of the seniding neuron